Chapter XXX.—Parables of the Mustard-Seed, and of the Leaven. Transition to the Solemn Exclusion Which Will Ensue When the Master of the House Has Shut the Door. This Judicial Exclusion Will Be Administered by Christ, Who is Shown Thereby to Possess the Attribute of the Creator.

When the question was again raised concerning a cure performed on the Sabbath-day, how did He discuss it: “Doth not each of you on the Sabbath loose his ass or his ox from the stall, and lead him away to watering?”2388    Luke xiii. 15. When, therefore, He did a work according to the condition prescribed by the law, He affirmed, instead of breaking, the law, which commanded that no work should be done, except what might be done for any living being;2389    Omni animæ.and if for any one, then how much more for a human life? In the case of the parables, it is allowed that I2390    Recognoscor. everywhere require a congruity. “The kingdom of God,” says He, “is like a grain of mustard-seed which a man took and cast into his garden.” Who must be understood as meant by the man? Surely Christ, because (although Marcion’s) he was called “the Son of man.” He received from the Father the seed of the kingdom, that is, the word of the gospel, and sowed it in his garden—in the world, of course2391    Utique.—in man at the present day, for instance.2392    Puta. Now, whereas it is said, “in his garden,” but neither the world nor man is his property, but the Creator’s, therefore He who sowed seed in His own ground is shown to be the Creator.  Else, if, to evade this snare,2393    Laqueum. they should choose to transfer the person of the man from Christ to any person who receives the seed of the kingdom and sows it in the garden of his own heart, not even this meaning2394    Materia. would suit any other than the Creator.  For how happens it, if the kingdom belong to the most lenient god, that it is closely followed up by a fervent judgment, the severity of which brings weeping?2395    Lacrimosa austeritate, see Luke xiii. 28. With regard, indeed, to the following similitude, I have my fears lest it should somehow2396    Forte. presage the kingdom of the rival god!  For He compared it, not to the unleavened bread which the Creator is more familiar with, but to leaven.2397    Luke xiii. 20, 21. Now this is a capital conjecture for men who are begging for arguments. I must, however, on my side, dispel one fond conceit by another,2398    Vanitatem vanitate. and contend with even leaven is suitable for the kingdom of the Creator, because after it comes the oven, or, if you please,2399    Vel. the furnace of hell. How often has He already displayed Himself as a Judge, and in the Judge the Creator? How often, indeed, has He repelled, and in the repulse condemned? In the present passage, for instance, He says, “When once the master of the house is risen up;”2400    Luke xiii. 25. but in what sense except that in which Isaiah said, “When He ariseth to shake terribly the earth?”2401    Isa. ii. 19. “And hath shut to the door,” thereby shutting out the wicked, of course; and when these knock, He will answer, “I know you not whence ye are;” and when they recount how “they have eaten and drunk in His presence,” He will further say to them, “Depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”2402    Luke xiii. 25–28. But where?  Outside, no doubt, when they shall have been excluded with the door shut on them by Him. There will therefore be punishment inflicted by Him who excludes for punishment, when they shall behold the righteous entering the kingdom of God, but themselves detained without. By whom detained outside? If by the Creator, who shall be within receiving the righteous into the kingdom? The good God. What, therefore, is the Creator about,2403    Quid ergo illuc Creatori. that He should detain outside for punishment those whom His adversary shut out, when He ought rather to have kindly received them, if they must come into His hands,2404    Si stique. for the greater irritation of His rival?  But when about to exclude the wicked, he must, of course, either be aware that the Creator would detain them for punishment, or not be aware. Consequently either the wicked will be detained by the Creator against the will of the excluder, in which case he will be inferior to the Creator, submitting to Him unwillingly; or else, if the process is carried out with his will, then he himself has judicially determined its execution; and then he who is the very originator of the Creator’s infamy, will not prove to be one whit better than the Creator. Now, if these ideas be incompatible with reason—of one being supposed to punish, and the other to liberate—then to one only power will appertain both the judgment and the kingdom and while they both belong to one, He who executeth judgment can be none else than the Christ of the Creator.

CAPUT XXX.

Quaestionem rursus de curatione sabbato facta, quomodo discussit: Unusquique vestrum sabbatis non solvit 0436B asinum aut bovem suum a praesepi, et ducit ad potum? Ergo secundum conditionem Legis operatus, Legem confirmavit, non dissolvit, jubentem nullum opus fieri, nisi quod fieret omni animae , quanto potius humanae? Parabolarum congruentiam ubique recognoscor exigere. Simile est regnum Dei, inquit, grano sinapis, quod accepit homo, et seminavit in horto suo. Quis in persona hominis intelligendus? Utique Christus: quia licet Marcionis, filius hominis est dictus, qui accepit a Patre semen regni, sermonem scilicet Evangelii, et seminavit in horto suo, utique in mundo, puta nunc in homine. Sed cum in suo horto dixerit, nec mundus autem nec homo illius sit, sed Creatoris; ergo qui in suum seminarit, nec Creator ostenditur. Aut si, ut hunc laqueum evadant, converterint hominis personam 0436C a Christo, in hominem accipientem semen regni, et seminantem in horto cordis sui; nec ipsa materia alii conveniet quam Creatori. Quale est enim ut lenissimi Dei regnum significet semen , quod etiam judicii fervor lacrymosa austeritate subsequitur ? De sequenti plane similitudine vereor, ne forte alterius Dei regno portendat. Fermento enim comparavit illud, non azymis, quae familiariora sunt Creatori. Congruit et haec conjectura mendicantibus argumenta. Itaque et ego vanitatem vanitate 0437A depellam, fermentationem quoque congruere dicens regno Creatoris, quia post illam clibanus vel furnus gehennae sequatur. Quoties adhuc se judicem ostendit, et in judice Creatorem! Quoties utique ejecit, et damnat rejiciendo! Sicut hic quoque: Cum surrexerit, inquit, pater familias . Quo, nisi quo dixit Esaias (Is., II, 19): Cum surrexerit comminuere terram? Et cluserit ostium; utique excludendis iniquis, quibus pulsantibus respondebit: Nescio unde sitis? Et rursus enumerantibus quod coram illo ederint, et biberint, et in plateis eorum docuerit, adjiciet: Recedite a me omnes operarii iniquitatis: illic erit fletus et frendor dentium. Ubi? Foris scilicet, ubi erunt exclusi, ostio cluso ab eo: ergo erit poena, a quo fit exclusio in poenam, cum videbunt justos introeuntes in regnum Dei, se 0437B vero detineri foris. A quo? Si a Creatore, quis erit ergo intus recipiens justos in regnum? Deus bonus. Quid ergo illuc Creatori, ut foris detineat in poenam, quos adversarius ejus exclusit, suscipiendos a se, utique magis in adversarii bilem? Sed et ille exclusurus iniquos, sciat utique Creatorem illos detenturum in poenam, aut non sciat oportet. Ergo, aut nolente eo detinebuntur, et minor est illo qui detinet, cedens ei nolens; aut si vult ita fieri, ipse ita faciendum judicavit, et non erit melior Creatore, ipse auctor infamiae Creatoris. Haec si nulla ratione consistunt, ut alius punire, alius liberare credatur, unius erit tam judicium quam et regnum; et dum unius est utrumque, qui et judicat, Creatoris est.