II. Conjugatio Secunda.

§ 154. Verba secundae conjugationis in -jan, quantum eorum originem retrospicere possumus, sunt pro maxima parte ex verbis primae conjugationis, adjectivis vel substantivis exorta. Quibus omnibus significatio «faciendi» fundamentalis esse videtur, sic ex. gr.: lagjan jacere facere (ponere), a ligan, varmjan calefacere, a varms, huzdjan thesaurum facere (thesaurizare), a huzd. Equidem est in plurimis horum verborum significatio magis minusve debilitata vel tantum metaphorice sumenda; quae praesertim e substantivis derivantur non tam objectum, 1016 quod substantivum indicat, faciendum esse, quam aliquid cum eo agendum, significant, ita ut objectiva significatio in instrumentalem transeat, ut in haurnjan tuba canere, klismjan cymbalo resonare, tinnire, ufarhleiþrjan tabernaculo tegere, superne obtegere, ganagljan clavo figere, stainjan lapidibus obruere, lapidare. Non nisi autem raro haec transitiva significatio in intransitivam, nempe «fiendi» vel «existendi» incidit, ut in andbahtjan (propr. ministerio fungi) ministrum esse, siponjan discipulum esse, riqizjan obscurum esse, faurhtjan timidum esse.

a) E verbis primae conjugationis derivata vocalem praeteriti sing. pleraque recipiunt, paucis tantum vocalem participii pass. habentibus. Deducuntur igitur

aa) E praeterito sing.: 1) vammjan (a vimman), brannjan (a brinnan), rannjan (a rinnan), sandjan (a sinþan), tandjan (a tindan), vandjan (a vindan), dragkjan (a a drigkan, þagkjan (a þigkan), sagqjan (a sigqan), stagqjan (a stigqan), svaggvjan (a sviggvan), þarbjan (a þairban), fravardjan (a vairdan?); 2) ufþanjan (a þinan), tamjan (a timan); 3) daujan (a divan), taujan (a tivan), lagjan (a ligan), vagjan (a vigan), rakjan (a rikan), vrakjan (a vrikan), fahjan (a faihan), atjan (ab ïtan), satjan (a sitan), nasjan (a nisan); 4) hnaivjan (a hneivan), draibjan (a dreiban), vaibjan (a veiban), vaipjan (a veipan), baidjan (a beidan), gaisjan (a geisan), laisjan (a leisan), raisjan (a reisan); 5) gaumjan (a giuman?), laubjan (a liuban), daupjan (a diupan), slaupjan (a sliupan), drausjan (a driusan), lausjan (a liusan), kausjan (a kiusan); 6) goljan (a galan?), ogjan (ab agan), sokjan (a sakan), rodjan (a raþjan?), stodjan (a standan), soþjan (a saþan), botjan (a batan);

bb) E participio pass. 1) þaursjan (a þairsan), þugkjan (a þigkan), trusgjan (a trisgan); 2) huljan (a hilan); 6) aljan (ab alan), farjan (a faran), agjan (ab agan), vakjan (a vakan), batjan (a batan).

b) Ex adjectivis derivantur

aa) Primae declinationis: biabrjan (ab abrs), usagljan (ab agls), bairhtjan (a bairhts), balþjan (a balþs), balvjan (a balvs), blindjan (a blinds), usbraidjan (a braids), gairnjan (a gairns), gaurjan (a gaurs), daubjan (a daubs), usdaudjan (ab usdauds), dauþjan (a dauþs), gadiupjan (a diups), gaqiujan (a qius), haftjan (a hafts), hailjan (a hails), hauhjan (a hauhs), haunjan 1017 (a hauns), þvastjan (a þvasts), ïbnjan (ab ïbns), kaurjan (a kaurs), latjan (a lats), gaunledjan (ab unleds), sildaleikjan (a sildaleiks), maidjan (a maids), raidjan (a raids), garaihtjan (a garaihts), svinþjan (a svinþs), varmjan (a varms), varjan (a vars), veisjan (a veis), fahrjan (a fagrs), faurhtjan (a faurhts), fulljan (a fulls), audagjan (ab audags), managjan (a manags), gabigjan (a gabeigs), valugjan (a valugs?), mikiljan (a mikils):

bb) Secundae declinationis: airzjan (ab airzis), augjan (ab augs), bleiþjan (a bleiþs), hrainjan (a hrains), laugnjan (a laugnis), gamainjan (a gamains), skeirjan (a skeirs), stiurjan (a stiurs), svinþjan (a svinþs), framaþjan (a framaþeis);

cc) Tertiae declinationis: gaaggvjan (ab aggvus), gahardjan (a hardus), manvjan (a manvus), tulgjan (a tulgus).

«Annotatio.—Huc referendum est etiam newjan, quamvis non adjectivum news, sed tantummodo adverbium new occurrat. Plura alia etiam ex adjectivis, quae exsoleverunt, originem sapiunt, ex. gr.: gailjan (a gails), liuhtjan (a liuhts), natjan (a nats), etc.»

c) E substantivis derivantur:

aa) Cum significatione magis minusve patente faciendi: aivaggeljan (ab aivaggeli), arbaidjan (ab arbaiþs), bandvjan (a bandvo), gabeistjan (a beists), glitmunjan (a glitmuni), dailjan (a dails), dulþjan (a dulþs), domjan (a doms), huzdjan (a huzd), hunsljan (a hunsl), hrukjan (a hruk), levjan (a lev), anamahtjan (a mahts), maþljan (a maþl), meljan (a mel), nauþjan (a nauþs), ufarassjan (ab ufarassus), rignjan (a rign), skaftjan (a skafts), sleiþjan (a sleiþa), gasuljan (a sulja), stojan (a staua), lagrjan (a tagr), taiknjan (a taikns), gatevjan (a teva), gagavairþjan (a gavairþi), andvaurdjan (a vaurd), venjan (a vens), gafrisahtjan (a frisahts), wotjan (a wota), faihugeironjan (a faihugeiro), ahjan (ab aha), hugjan (a hugs), miþlitjan (a lita), tveifljan (a tveifls), þiuþjan (a þiuþ), vargjan (a vargs), vaifairwjan (a fairwus), usaivjan (ab aivs);

bb) Cum significatione instrumentali: haurnjan tuba canere (ab haurn), klismjan cymbalo resonare, tinnire (a klismo), ufarhleiþrjan tabernaculo obtegere (a hleiþra), ganagljan clavo figere (a nagls), ïnsailjan illaqueare (a sail), stainjan lapidibus obruere (a stains), laistjan vestigiis insequi (a laists), faurmuljan os alligare (a mul), matjan comedere (a mats);

cc) Cum significatione «exsistendi» vel «fiendi»: andbahtjan ministrum esse (ab andbahts), praufetjan prophetam esse (a praufetes), siponjan discipulum esse (a siponeis), riqizjan obscurum fieri (a riqiz).

§ 155. Non nisi raro stirpem inter et terminationem interjicitur formativum elementum, sequentia tantum occurrunt exempla:

V: malvjan (a malan), usfraþvjan (a fraþjan), skadvjan (a skadus);

M: sniumjan (a snivan), tarmjan (a tairan?);

N: In namnjan (a namo), n ad stirpem pertinet; obscurum bimaminjan huc referendum esset, nisi forsan ex judiciosa Massmanni conjectura, Luc. XVI, 14, 1018 binamnidedun loco bimamindedum legendum esset, coll. birodjam ejusdem significationis;

At: lauhatjan (a liuhan), svogatjan (a svogjan), ahmatjan (ab ahma), kaupatjan,

Z: talzjan (a tilan), vlizjan (a vlits);

Ss: knussjan (a kniu).

§ 156. 2) Verborum in -on, quae terminatio pariter immediate ad stirpem plerumque annectitur, pleraque e substantivis, pauca tantum e verbis derivantur.

a) E verbis primae conjugationis: miton (a mitan), bifaihon (a faihan), ufarmunnon (a munan), vlaiton (a vleitan), warbon (a wairban), luton (a liutan). Incertum est, utrum trudon e verbo secundae conjugationis in -an, an potius utrumque e verbo forti deperdito triudan deductum sit.

b) Ex adjectivis: ushulon (a huls), ïdreigon (ab ïdreigs), galeikon (a galeiks), mundon (a munds?), vundon (a vunds), gatilon (a tils), gaveison (a veis); aiviskon (ab aivisks), ïudaiviskon (ab ïudaivisks); gasibjon (a sibjis), sungon (a sunjis).

c) E substantivis eis praecipue, quorum vocalis fundamentalis est a: aviliudon (ab aviliud), hamon (a hams), karon (a kara), liuþon (a liuþ), gapaidon (a paida), spillon (a spill), vairþon (a vairþs), fiskon (a fisks), gavadjon (a vadi), gasmiþon (a smiþa), friþon (a friþa?), aljanon (ab aljan), þiudanon (a þiudans), midumon (a miduma), paurpuron (a paurpura), hatizon (a hatis), navistron (a navistr); quandoque etiam e substantivis cum vocali fundamentali u: gredon (a gredus), luston (a lustus), sidon (a sidus).

§ 157. Inter ea quae stirpe producta derivantur, animadvertes

a) Quae, interjecta formativa syllaba -in, e substantivis personarum deducuntur, ut skalkinon (a skalks), horinon (a hors), drauhtinon (a gadrauhts), reikinon (a reiks), leikinon (a leikeis), airinon (ab airus), gudjinon (a gudja), fraujinon (a frauja); in eis vero, quae e substantivis rerum ortum ducunt, ut aiginon (ab aigin), raginon (a ragin), faginon (a fagin?), fairinon (a fairina), derivativa syllaba -in ad substantivum pertinet, unde magis ex fortuito casu quam ex intima affinitate verbis supra laudatis conveniunt;

b) Quae cum -is efformantur: huc refertur tantum valvison, modo lectio Mc. IX, 20, legitima sit. Si autem cum eo supra (§ 156, c) memoratum hatizon a hatis componatur, hic non immerito ad substantivum deperditum valvis ascendendum erit, et consequenter ad praesentem classem plura alia ejusmodi verba adducenda, ut agison (ab agis), sigison (a sigis);

c) Quae cum -m: dvalmon (a dvals).

§ 158. 3) Verba in -an, quod, paucis tantum exceptis, pariter ad stirpem immediate affigitur.

a) Ex verbis primae conjugationis: þivan (a þivan), boljan (a batan), valdan (a vildan), faian, fijan (a feian), luban (a liuban). Huc pertinent etiam verba, quae, licet ex anomalis orta, regulariter tamen flectuntur: kunnan, munnan et vitan.

b) Ex adjectivis cum significatione habendi vel tractandi ut—, ex. gr.: veihan ut sanctum habere (a veihs), 1019 sveran ut pretiosum habere (a svers), arman ut pauperem habere, misereri (ab arms), et etiam leikan (a leiks).

c) E substantivis, nempe ex solis femininis primae declinationis cum fundamentali vocali a: liugan (a liuga), jiukan (a jiuka), saurgan (a saurga), weilan (a weila).

§ 159. Verborum autem e secunda conjugatione stirpe producta originem trahentium ea tantum occurrunt, quae mediante syllaba an efformantur: gaainanan (ab ains), et gastoþanan (a standan).