9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church  56  i.e. Origen. who, under the shadow of high and sublime conceptions, have launched out into metaphor, and have only seen in the waters a figure to denote spiritual and incorporeal powers. In the higher regions, above the firmament, dwell the better; in the lower regions, earth and matter are the dwelling place of the malignant. So, say they, God is praised by the waters that are above the heaven, that is to say, by the good powers, the purity of whose soul makes them worthy to sing the praises of God. And the waters which are under the heaven represent the wicked spirits, who from their natural height have fallen into the abyss of evil. Turbulent, seditious, agitated by the tumultuous waves of passion, they have received the name of sea, because of the instability and the inconstancy of their movements.  57  cf. Jerome to Pammachius against John of Jerusalem, § 7 (in this edition vol. vi. p. 428) and Origen’s Homily on Genesis, preserved in the Translation of Rufinus. Let us reject these theories as dreams and old women’s tales. Let us understand that by water water is meant; for the dividing of the waters by the firmament let us accept the reason which has been given us. Although, however, waters above the heaven are invited to give glory to the Lord of the Universe, do not let us think of them as intelligent beings; the heavens are not alive because they “declare the glory of God,” nor the firmament a sensible being because it “sheweth His handiwork.”  58  Ps. xviii. 1. And if they tell you that the heavens mean contemplative powers, and the firmament active powers which produce good, we admire the theory as ingenious without being able to acknowledge the truth of it. For thus dew, the frost, cold and heat, which in Daniel are ordered to praise the Creator of all things,  59  Bened. will be intelligent and invisible natures. But this is only a figure, accepted as such by enlightened minds, to complete the glory of the Creator. Besides, the waters above the heavens, these waters privileged by the virtue which they possess in themselves, are not the only waters to celebrate the praises of God. “Praise the Lord from the earth, ye dragons and all deeps.”  60  Ps. cxlviii. 7. Thus the singer of the Psalms does not reject the deeps which our inventors of allegories rank in the divisions of evil; he admits them to the universal choir of creation, and the deeps sing in their language a harmonious hymn to the glory of the Creator.

Ἡμῖν δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐστί τις λόγος περὶ τῶν διακριθέντων ὑδάτων, οἳ προφάσει ἀναγωγῆς, καὶ νοημάτων ὑψηλοτέρων, εἰς ἀλληγορίας κατέφυγον, δυνάμεις λέγοντες πνευματικὰς καὶ ἀσωμάτους τροπικῶς ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων σημαίνεσθαι: καὶ ἄνω μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ στερεώματος μεμενηκέναι τὰς κρείττονας, κάτω δὲ τοῖς περιγείοις καὶ ὑλικοῖς τόποις προσαπομεῖναι τὰς πονηράς. Διὰ τοῦτο δὴ, φασὶ, καὶ τὰ ἐπάνω τῶν οὐρανῶν ὕδατα αἰνεῖν τὸν Θεόν: τουτέστι, τὰς ἀγαθὰς δυνάμεις ἀξίας οὔσας, διὰ καθαρότητα τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ, τὸν πρέποντα αἶνον ἀποδιδόναι τῷ κτίσαντι: τὰ δὲ ὑποκάτω τῶν οὐρανῶν ὕδατα τὰ πνευματικὰ εἶναι τῆς πονηρίας, ἀπὸ τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ὕψους εἰς τὸ τῆς κακίας βάθος καταπεσόντα: ἅπερ ὡς ταραχώδη ὄντα καὶ στασιαστικὰ καὶ τοῖς θορύβοις τῶν παθῶν κυμαινόμενα, θάλασσαν ὠνομάσθαι διὰ τὸ εὐμετάβλητον καὶ ἄστατον τῶν κατὰ προαίρεσιν κινημάτων. Τοὺς δὴ τοιούτους λόγους ὡς ὀνειράτων συγκρίσεις καὶ γραώδεις μύθους ἀποπεμψάμενοι, τὸ ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ νοήσωμεν, καὶ τὴν διάκρισιν τὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ στερεώματος γενομένην, κατὰ τὴν ἀποδοθεῖσαν αἰτίαν δεξώμεθα. Καὶ μέντοι κἂν εἰς δοξολογίαν ποτὲ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν ὅλων Δεσπότου τὰ ὑπεράνω τῶν οὐρανῶν παραλαμβάνηται ὕδατα, οὐ λογικὴν αὐτὰ φύσιν παρὰ τοῦτο τιθέμεθα. Οὔτε γὰρ οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἔμψυχοι, ἐπειδὴ Διηγοῦνται δόξαν Θεοῦ: οὔτε τὸ στερέωμα ζῷόν ἐστιν αἰσθητικὸν, ἐπειδὴ Ἀναγγέλλει ποίησιν τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ. Κἂν λέγῃ τις οὐρανοὺς μὲν εἶναι τὰς θεωρητικὰς δυνάμεις, στερέωμα δὲ τὰς πρακτικὰς καὶ ποιητικὰς τῶν καθηκόντων, ὡς κεκομψευμένον μὲν τὸν λόγον ἀποδεχόμεθα, ἀληθῆ δὲ εἶναι οὐ πάνυ τι δώσομεν. Οὕτω γὰρ ἂν καὶ δρόσος, καὶ πάχνη, καὶ ψῦχος, καὶ καῦμα, ἐπειδὴ ὑμνεῖν παρὰ τῷ Δανιὴλ τὸν τῶν ὅλων δημιουργὸν ἐπετάχθη, νοερά τις ἔσται καὶ ἀόρατος φύσις. Ἀλλ' ὁ ἐν τούτοις λόγος παρὰ τῶν νοῦν ἐχόντων τεθεωρημένως ἐκλαμβανόμενος, συμπληρωτικός ἐστι τῆς δοξολογίας τοῦ κτίσαντος. Οὐ μόνον γὰρ τὸ ἐπάνω τῶν οὐρανῶν ὕδωρ, ὡς προηγούμενον ταῖς τιμαῖς διὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρετῆς προσοῦσαν αὐτῷ ὑπεροχὴν τῷ Θεῷ τὸν αἶνον ἀποπληροῖ, ἀλλ', Αἰνεῖτε γὰρ αὐτὸν, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς, δράκοντες καὶ πᾶσαι ἄβυσσοι. Ὥστε καὶ ἡ ἄβυσσος, ἣν εἰς τὴν χείρονα μοῖραν οἱ ἀλληγοροῦντες ἀπέρριψαν, οὐδὲ αὐτὴ ἀπόβλητος ἐκρίθη τῷ ψαλμῳδῷ, εἰς τὴν κοινὴν τῆς κτίσεως χοροστασίαν παραληφθεῖσα, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ κατὰ τοὺς ἐνυπάρχοντας αὐτῇ λόγους ἁρμονίως συμπληροῖ τὴν ὑμνῳδίαν τῷ ποιητῇ.