5. But those who overstep the borders,  18  ὑπὲρ τὰ ἐσκαμμένα πηδᾶν is a proverbial phrase for going beyond bounds. cf. Lucian., Gall. vi. and Plat., Crat. 413, a. making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend upon the motion of the heavenly bodies, and that thus the Chaldæans read in the planets that which will happen to us.  19  “On doit d’autant plus louer le grand sens de Saint Basile qui s’inspire presqu’ entièrement d’Origène et de Plotin, sans tomber dans leur erreur. En riant toute espèce de relation entre les astres et les actes de l’homme, il conserve intacte notre liberté.” Fialon, p. 425. “Quale deinde judicium de hominum factis Deo relinquitur, quibus cœlestis necessitas adhibetur cum Dominus ille sit et siderum et hominum. Aut si non dicunt stellas accepta quidam potestate a summo Deo, arbitrio suo ista decernere, sed in talibus necessitatibus ingerendis illius omnino jussa complere, ita ne de ipso Deo sentiendum est, quod indignissimum visum est de stellarum voluntate sentire. Quod si dicuntur stellæ significare potius ista quam facere, ut quasi locutio sit quædam illa positio prædicens futura, non agens (non enim mediocriter doctorum hominum fuit ista sententia) non quidem ita solent loqui mathematici, ut verbi gratia dicunt, Mars ita positus homicidam significat, sed homicidam non facit.” August., De C. Dei. v. 1. By these very simple words “let them be for signs,” they understand neither the variations of the weather, nor the change of seasons; they only see in them, at the will of their imagination, the distribution of human destinies. What do they say in reality? When the planets cross in the signs of the Zodiac, certain figures formed by their meeting give birth to certain destinies, and others produce different destinies.

Perhaps for clearness sake it is not useless to enter into more detail about this vain science. I will say nothing of my own to refute them; I will use their words, bringing a remedy for the infected, and for others a preservative from falling. The inventors of astrology seeing that in the extent of time many signs escaped them, divided it and enclosed each part in narrow limits, as if in the least and shortest interval, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye,  20  1 Cor. xv. 52. to speak with the Apostle, the greatest difference should be found between one birth and another. Such an one is born in this moment; he will be a prince over cities and will govern the people, in the fulness of riches and power. Another is born the instant after; he will be poor, miserable, and will wander daily from door to door begging his bread. Consequently they divide the Zodiac into twelve parts, and, as the sun takes thirty days to traverse each of the twelve divisions of this unerring circle, they divide them into thirty more. Each of them forms sixty new ones, and these last are again divided into sixty. Let us see then if, in determining the birth of an infant, it will be possible to observe this rigorous division of time. The child is born. The nurse ascertains the sex; then she awaits the wail which is a sign of its life. Until then how many moments have passed do you think? The nurse announces the birth of the child to the Chaldæan: how many minutes would you count before she opens her mouth, especially if he who records the hour is outside the women’s apartments? And we know that he who consults the dial, ought, whether by day or by night, to mark the hour with the most precise exactitude. What a swarm of seconds passes during this time! For the planet of nativity ought to be found, not only in one of the twelve divisions of the Zodiac, and even in one of its first subdivisions, but again in one of the sixtieth parts which divide this last, and even, to arrive at the exact truth, in one of the sixtieth subdivisions that this contains in its turn. And to obtain such minute knowledge, so impossible to grasp from this moment, each planet must be questioned to find its position as regards the signs of the Zodiac and the figures that the planets form at the moment of the child’s birth. Thus, if it is impossible to find exactly the hour of birth, and if the least change can upset all, then both those who give themselves up to this imaginary science and those who listen to them open-mouthed, as if they could learn from them the future, are supremely ridiculous.

Ἀλλ' οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ ἐσκαμμένα πηδῶντες, ἐπὶ τὴν συνηγορίαν τῆς γενεθλιαλογίας τὸν λόγον ἕλκουσι, καὶ λέγουσι προσηρτῆσθαι τὴν ἡμετέραν ζωὴν τῇ κινήσει τῶν οὐρανίων: καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τῶν ἄστρων γίνεσθαι παρὰ τῶν Χαλδαίων τὰς σημειώσεις τῶν περὶ ἡμᾶς συμπτωμάτων. Καὶ ἁπλοῦν ὄντα τῆς Γραφῆς τὸν λόγον, Ἔστωσαν εἰς σημεῖα, οὐχὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τροπῶν, οὐδὲ τῶν περὶ τὰς ὥρας μεταβολῶν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῆς τῶν βίων ἀποκληρώσεως, πρὸς τὸ δοκοῦν ἑαυτοῖς, ἐξακούουσι. Τί γάρ φασιν; Ὅτι τῶνδε μὲν τῶν κινουμένων ἄστρων ἡ ἐπιπλοκὴ, πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῷ ζῳδιακῷ κειμένους ἀστέρας κατὰ τοιόνδε σχῆμα συνελθόντων ἀλλήλοις, τὰς τοιάσδε γενέσεις ἀποτελεῖ: ἡ δὲ τοιάδε σχέσις τῶν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐναντίαν ἀποκλήρωσιν τοῦ βίου ποιεῖ. Περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ἴσως σαφηνείας ἕνεκεν μικρὸν ἄνωθεν ἀναλαβόντας εἰπεῖν. Ἐρῶ δὲ οὐδὲν ἐμαυτοῦ ἴδιον, ἀλλὰ τοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκείνων πρὸς τὸν κατ' αὐτῶν ἔλεγχον ἀποχρήσομαι, τοῖς μὲν ἤδη προειλημμένοις εἰς τὴν βλάβην ἴασίν τινα παρεχόμενος, τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς ἀσφάλειαν πρὸς τὸ μὴ τοῖς ὁμοίοις περιπεσεῖν. Οἱ τῆς γενεθλιαλογίας ταύτης εὑρεταὶ, καταμαθόντες ὅτι ἐν τῷ πλάτει τοῦ χρόνου πολλὰ τῶν σχημάτων αὐτοὺς διαφεύγει, εἰς στενὸν παντελῶς ἀπέκλεισαν τοῦ χρόνου τὰ μέτρα: ὡς καὶ παρὰ τὸ μικρότατον καὶ ἀκαριαῖον, οἷόν φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος, τὸ ἐν ἀτόμῳ, καὶ τὸ ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, μεγίστης οὔσης διαφορᾶς γενέσει πρὸς γένεσιν: καὶ τὸν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἀκαριαίῳ γεννηθέντα, τύραννον εἶναι πόλεων, καὶ ἄρχοντα δήμων, ὑπερπλουτοῦντα καὶ δυναστεύοντα: τὸν δὲ ἐν τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ῥοπῇ τοῦ καιροῦ γεννηθέντα, προσαίτην τινὰ καὶ ἀγύρτην, θύρας ἐκ θυρῶν ἀμείβοντα τῆς ἐφ' ἡμέραν τροφῆς ἕνεκα. Διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ζῳοφόρον λεγόμενον κύκλον διελόντες εἰς δώδεκα μέρη, ἐπειδὴ διὰ τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν ἐκβαίνει τὸ δωδέκατον τῆς ἀπλανοῦς λεγομένης σφαίρας ὁ ἥλιος, εἰς τριάκοντα μοίρας τῶν δωδεκατημορίων ἕκαστον διῃρήκασιν. Εἶτα ἑκάστην μοῖραν εἰς ἑξήκοντα διελόντες, ἕκαστον πάλιν τῶν ἑξηκοστῶν ἑξηκοντάκις ἔτεμον. Τιθέντες τοίνυν τὰς γενέσεις τῶν τικτομένων, ἴδωμεν εἰ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν ταύτην τῆς τοῦ χρόνου διαιρέσεως ἀποσῶσαι δυνήσονται. Ὁμοῦ τε γὰρ ἐτέχθη τὸ παιδίον, καὶ ἡ μαῖα κατασκοπεῖ τὸ γεννηθὲν ἄρρεν ἢ θῆλυ: εἶτα ἀναμένει τὸν κλαυθμὸν, ὅπερ σημεῖόν ἐστι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ τεχθέντος. Πόσα βούλει ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ παραδραμεῖν ἑξηκοστά; Εἶπε τῷ Χαλδαίῳ τὸ γεννηθέν. Διὰ πόσων, βούλει, θῶμεν τῶν λεπτοτάτων τῆς μαίας τὴν φωνὴν παρελθεῖν: ἄλλως τε καὶ εἰ τύχοι ἔξω τῆς γυναικωνίτιδος ἑστὼς ὁ τὴν ὥραν ἀποτιθέμενος; Δεῖ γὰρ τὸν τὰ ὡροσκοπεῖα καταμαθεῖν μέλλοντα, πρὸς ἀκρίβειαν τὴν ὥραν ἀπογράφεσθαι, εἴτε ἡμερινὰ ταῦτα, εἴτε νυκτερινὰ τυγχάνοι. Πόσων ἑξηκοστῶν σμῆνος ἐν τούτῳ πάλιν παρατρέχει τῷ χρόνῳ; Ἀνάγκη γὰρ εὑρεθῆναι τὸν ὡροσκοποῦντα ἀστέρα οὐ μόνον κατὰ πόστου δωδεκατημορίου ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ ποίας μοίρας τοῦ δωδεκατημορίου, καὶ ἐν πόστῳ ἑξηκοστῷ, εἰς ἃ ἔφαμεν διαιρεῖσθαι τὴν μοῖραν: ἢ, ἵνα τὸ ἀκριβὲς εὑρεθῇ, ἐν πόστῳ ἑξηκοστῷ τῶν ὑποδιῃρημένων ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων ἑξηκοστῶν. Καὶ ταύτην τὴν οὕτω λεπτὴν καὶ ἀκατάληπτον εὕρεσιν τοῦ χρόνου ἐφ' ἑκάστου τῶν πλανητῶν ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι ποιεῖσθαι λέγουσιν, ὥστε εὑρεθῆναι ποταπὴν εἶχον σχέσιν πρὸς τοὺς ἀπλανεῖς, καὶ ποταπὸν ἦν τὸ σχῆμα αὐτῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐν τῇ τότε γενέσει τοῦ τικτομένου. Ὥστε εἰ τῆς ὥρας ἐπιτυχεῖν ἀκριβῶς ἀδύνατον, ἡ δὲ τοῦ βραχυτάτου παραλλαγὴ τοῦ παντὸς διαμαρτεῖν ποιεῖ, καταγέλαστοι καὶ οἱ περὶ τὴν ἐνύπαρκτον ταύτην τέχνην ἐσχολακότες, καὶ οἱ πρὸς αὐτοὺς κεχηνότες, ὡς δυναμένους εἰδέναι τὰ κατ' αὐτούς.