1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of having the credit of keeping a good table saddens his guests by the poor supply of the more expensive dishes. In vain he lavishly covers his table with his mean fare; his ambition only shows his folly. It is for you to judge if I have shared the same fate. Yet, whatever my discourse may have been, take care lest you disregard it. No one refused to sit at the table of Elisha; and yet he only gave his friends wild vegetables.  1  2 Kings iv. 39. I know the laws of allegory, though less by myself than from the works of others. There are those truly, who do not admit the common sense of the Scriptures, for whom water is not water, but some other nature, who see in a plant, in a fish, what their fancy wishes, who change the nature of reptiles and of wild beasts to suit their allegories, like the interpreters of dreams who explain visions in sleep to make them serve their own ends. For me grass is grass; plant, fish, wild beast, domestic animal, I take all in the literal sense.  2  Fialon thinks that this plain reference to Origen may have been evoked by some criticisms on the IIIrd Homily. (cf. p. 71) St. Basil’s literalism and bold departure from the allegorizing of Origen and from the milder mysticism of Eusebius are remarked on in the Prolegomena. “For I am not ashamed of the gospel.”  3  Rom. i. 16. Those who have written about the nature of the universe have discussed at length the shape of the earth. If it be spherical or cylindrical, if it resemble a disc and is equally rounded in all parts, or if it has the forth of a winnowing basket and is hollow in the middle;  4  θαλῆς καὶ οἱ Στωϊκοὶ καὶ οἱ ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν σφαιροειδῆ τὴν γῆν. ᾽Αναξίμανδρος λίθῳ κίονι τὴν γῆν προσφερῆ τῶν επιπέδων. ᾽Αναξιμένης, τραπεζοειδῆ. Λεύκιππος, τυμπανοειδῆ. Δημόκριτος, δισκοειδῆ μὲν τῷ πλάτει, κοίλην δὲ τὸ μέσον. Plut. περὶ τῶν ἀρεσκ. iii. 10. Arist. (De. Cœlo ii. 14) follows Thales. So Manilius i. 235: “Ex quo colligitur terrarumforma rotunda.” all these conjectures have been suggested by cosmographers, each one upsetting that of his predecessor. It will not lead me to give less importance to the creation of the universe, that the servant of God, Moses, is silent as to shapes; he has not said that the earth is a hundred and eighty thousand furlongs in circumference; he has not measured into what extent of air its shadow projects itself whilst the sun revolves around it, nor stated how this shadow, casting itself upon the moon, produces eclipses. He has passed over in silence, as useless, all that is unimportant for us. Shall I then prefer foolish wisdom to the oracles of the Holy Spirit? Shall I not rather exalt Him who, not wishing to fill our minds with these vanities, has regulated all the economy of Scripture in view of the edification and the making perfect of our souls? It is this which those seem to me not to have understood, who, giving themselves up to the distorted meaning of allegory, have undertaken to give a majesty of their own invention to Scripture. It is to believe themselves wiser than the Holy Spirit, and to bring forth their own ideas under a pretext of exegesis. Let us hear Scripture as it has been written.

Πῶς ὑμῖν ἡ ἑωθινὴ τῶν λόγων τράπεζα κατεφάνη; Ἐμοὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐπῆλθεν εἰκάσαι τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ πένητός τινος ἑστιάτορος φιλοφροσύνῃ, ὃς τῶν εὐτραπέζων τις εἶναι φιλοτιμούμενος, ἀπορίᾳ τῶν πολυτελεστέρων ἀποκναίει τοὺς δαιτυμόνας, τὴν πενιχρὰν παρασκευὴν δαψιλῶς ἐπιφέρων τῇ τραπέζῃ: ὥστε περιίστασθαι αὐτῷ εἰς ἀπειροκαλίας ὄνειδος τὸ φιλότιμον. Τοιοῦτον δή τι καὶ τὸ ἡμέτερον, εἰ μή τι ὑμεῖς ἄλλο λέγετε. Πλὴν ὁποῖά ποτ' ἂν ᾖ, οὐκ ἐξουδενωτέον ὑμῖν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ Ἐλισσαῖον ὡς φαῦλον ἑστιάτορα παρῃτοῦντο οἱ τότε, καὶ ταῦτα λαχάνοις ἀγρίοις ἑστιῶντα τοὺς φίλους. Οἶδα νόμους ἀλληγορίας, εἰ καὶ μὴ παρ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἐξευρὼν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς παρ' ἑτέρων πεπονημένοις περιτυχών. Ἃς οἱ μὴ καταδεχόμενοι τὰς κοινὰς τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐννοίας, τὸ ὕδωρ οὐχ ὕδωρ λέγουσιν, ἀλλά τινα ἄλλην φύσιν, καὶ φυτὸν καὶ ἰχθὺν πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτοῖς δοκοῦν ἑρμηνεύουσι, καὶ ἑρπετῶν γένεσιν καὶ θηρίων ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκείας ὑπονοίας παρατρέψαντες ἐξηγοῦνται, ὥσπερ οἱ ὀνειροκρίται τῶν φανέντων ἐν ταῖς καθ' ὕπνον φαντασίαις πρὸς τὸν οἰκεῖον σκοπὸν τὰς ἐξηγήσεις ποιούμενοι. Ἐγὼ δὲ χόρτον ἀκούσας, χόρτον νοῶ, καὶ φυτὸν, καὶ ἰχθὺν, καὶ θηρίον, καὶ κτῆνος, πάντα ὡς εἴρηται οὕτως ἐκδέχομαι. Καὶ γὰρ οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον. Οὐδὲ ἐπειδὴ οἱ τὰ περὶ κόσμου γράψαντες πολλὰ περὶ σχημάτων γῆς διελέχθησαν, εἴτε σφαῖρά ἐστιν, εἴτε κύλινδρος, εἴτε καὶ δίσκῳ ἐστὶν ἐμφερὴς ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἐξίσου πάντοθεν ἀποτετόρνευται, ἢ λικνοειδής ἐστι, καὶ μεσόκοιλος (πρὸς πάσας γὰρ ταύτας τὰς ὑπονοίας οἱ τὰ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου γράψαντες ὑπηνέχθησαν, τὰ ἀλλήλων ἕκαστος καταλύοντες), οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο προαχθήσομαι ἀτιμοτέραν εἰπεῖν τὴν ἡμετέραν κοσμοποιίαν, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν περὶ σχημάτων ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ θεράπων Μωϋσῆς διελέχθη, οὐδὲ εἶπε δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ μυριάδας σταδίων τὸ περίμετρον ἔχειν τῆς γῆς: καὶ τὸ ἀπ' αὐτῆς σκίασμα, ἐν τῇ ὑπὸ γῆν τοῦ ἡλίου κινήσει, ἐπὶ πόσον χωρεῖ τοῦ ἀέρος οὐ διεμέτρησε: καὶ πῶς τοῦτο τῇ σελήνῃ προσενεχθὲν τὰς ἐκλείψεις ποιεῖ. Ἐπειδὴ τὰ μηδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὡς ἄχρηστα ἡμῖν ἀπεσιώπησεν: ἆρα τούτου ἕνεκεν ἀτιμότερα ἡγήσομαι τῆς μωρανθείσης σοφίας τὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος λόγια; ἢ μᾶλλον δοξάσω τὸν μὴ ἀπασχολήσαντα τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τὰ μάταια, ἀλλὰ πάντα εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ καταρτισμὸν τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν γραφῆναι οἰκονομήσαντα; Ὅ μοι δοκοῦσι μὴ συνειδότες τινὲς, παραγωγαῖς τισι καὶ τροπολογίαις σεμνότητά τινα ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας αὐτῶν διανοίας ἐπεχείρησαν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐπιφημίσαι. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἑαυτὸν σοφώτερον ποιοῦντος τῶν λογίων τοῦ Πνεύματος, καὶ ἐν προσποιήσει ἐξηγήσεως τὰ ἑαυτοῦ παρεισάγοντος. Νοείσθω τοίνυν ὡς γέγραπται.