6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under feet the lion and the dragon.”  33  cf. Ps. xci. 13. With faith thou hast the power to walk upon serpents and scorpions. Do you not see that the viper which attached itself to the hand of Paul, whilst he gathered sticks, did not injure him, because it found the saint full of faith? If you have not faith, do not fear beasts so much as your faithlessness, which renders you susceptible of all corruption. But I see that for a long time you have been asking me for an account of the creation of man, and I think I can hear you all cry in your hearts, We are being taught the nature of our belongings, but we are ignorant of ourselves. Let me then speak of it, since it is necessary, and let me put an end to my hesitation. In truth the most difficult of sciences is to know one’s self. Not only our eye, from which nothing outside us escapes, cannot see itself; but our mind, so piercing to discover the sins of others, is slow to recognise its own faults.  34  cf. St. Matt. vii. 3. Thus my speech, after eagerly investigating what is external to myself, is slow and hesitating in exploring my own nature. Yet the beholding of heaven and earth does not make us know God better than the attentive study of our being does; I am, says the Prophet, fearfully and wonderfully made;  35  cf. Ps. cxxxix. 14. that is to say, in observing myself I have known Thy infinite wisdom.  36  “E cœlo descendit γνῶθι σεαυτόν” (Juv. xi. 27). Socrates, Chilo, Thales, Cleobulus, Bias, Pythagoras, have all been credited with the saying. “On reconnaît ici le précepte fécond de l’école socratique. L’église chrétienne s’en empara comme de tout ce qu’elle trouvait de grand et de bon dans l’ancienne Grèce. Fialon. St. Basil has a Homily on the text πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ (Deut. xv. 9, lxx.) And God said “Let us make man.”  37  Gen. i. 26. Does not the light of theology shine, in these words, as through windows; and does not the second Person show Himself in a mystical way, without yet manifesting Himself until the great day? Where is the Jew who resisted the truth and pretended that God was speaking to Himself? It is He who spoke, it is said, and it is He who made. “Let there be light and there was light.” But then their words contain a manifest absurdity. Where is the smith, the carpenter, the shoemaker, who, without help and alone before the instruments of his trade, would say to himself; let us make the sword, let us put together the plough, let us make the boot? Does he not perform the work of his craft in silence? Strange folly, to say that any one has seated himself to command himself, to watch over himself, to constrain himself, to hurry himself, with the tones of a master! But the unhappy creatures are not afraid to calumniate the Lord Himself. What will they not say with a tongue so well practised in lying? Here, however, words stop their mouth; “And God said let us make man.” Tell me; is there then only one Person? It is not written “Let man be made,” but, “Let us make man.” The preaching of theology remains enveloped in shadow before the appearance of him who was to be instructed, but, now, the creation of man is expected, that faith unveils herself and the dogma of truth appears in all its light. “Let us make man.” O enemy of Christ, hear God speaking to His Co-operator, to Him by Whom also He made the worlds, Who upholds all things by the word of His power.  38  cf. Heb. i. 2, 3. But He does not leave the voice of true religion without answer. Thus the Jews, race hostile to truth, when they find themselves pressed, act like beasts enraged against man, who roar at the bars of their cage and show the cruelty and the ferocity of their nature, without being able to assuage their fury. God, they say, addresses Himself to several persons; it is to the angels before Him that He says, “Let us make man.” Jewish fiction! a fable whose frivolity shows whence it has come. To reject one person, they admit many. To reject the Son, they raise servants to the dignity of counsellors; they make of our fellow slaves the agents in our creation. The perfect man attains the dignity of an angel; but what creature can be like the Creator? Listen to the continuation. “In our image.” What have you to reply? Is there one image of God and the angels? Father and Son have by absolute necessity the same form, but the form is here understood as becomes the divine, not in bodily shape, but in the proper qualities of Godhead. Hear also, you who belong to the new concision  39  Phil. iii. 2. and who, under the appearance of Christianity, strengthen the error of the Jews.  40  The Arians. To Whom does He say, “in our image,” to whom if it is not to Him who is “the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person,”  41  Heb. i. 3. “the image of the invisible God”?  42  Col. i. 15. It is then to His living image, to Him Who has said “I and my Father are one,”  43  John x. 30. “He that hath seen me hath seen the Father,”  44  John xiv. 9. that God says “Let us make man in our image.” Where is the unlikeness  45  τὸ ἀνόμοιον. Arius had taught that the Persons are ἀνόμοιοι πάμπαν ἀλλήλων. in these Beings who have only one image? “So God created man.”  46  Gen. i. 27. It is not “They made.” Here Scripture avoids the plurality of the Persons. After having enlightened the Jew, it dissipates the error of the Gentiles in putting itself under the shelter of unity, to make you understand that the Son is with the Father, and guarding you from the danger of polytheism. He created him in the image of God. God still shows us His co-operator, because He does not say, in His image, but in the image of God.

If God permits, we will say later in what way man was created in the image of God, and how he shares this resemblance. Today we say but only one word. If there is one image, from whence comes the intolerable blasphemy of pretending that the Son is unlike the Father? What ingratitude! You have yourself received this likeness and you refuse it to your Benefactor! You pretend to keep personally that which is in you a gift of grace, and you do not wish that the Son should keep His natural likeness to Him who begat Him.

But evening, which long ago sent the sun to the west, imposes silence upon me. Here, then, let me be content with what I have said, and put my discourse to bed. I have told you enough up to this point to excite your zeal; with the help of the Holy Spirit I will make for you a deeper investigation into the truths which follow. Retire, then, I beg you, with joy, O Christ-loving congregation, and, instead of sumptuous dishes of various delicacies, adorn and sanctify your tables with the remembrance of my words. May the Anomœan be confounded, the Jew covered with shame, the faithful exultant in the dogmas of truth, and the Lord glorified, the Lord to Whom be glory and power, world without end. Amen.

Πίστεώς ἐστιν ἀπόδειξις τὰ θηρία. Πέποιθας ἐπὶ Κύριον; Ἐπὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ βασιλίσκον ἐπιβήσῃ, καὶ καταπατήσεις λέοντα καὶ δράκοντα. Καὶ ἔχεις τὴν διὰ πίστεως ἐξουσίαν πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων. Ἢ οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι φρυγανιζομένῳ τῷ Παύλῳ ἐνάψας ὁ ἔχις οὐδεμίαν προσετρίψατο βλάβην, διὰ τὸ πλήρη πίστεως εὑρεθῆναι τὸν ἅγιον; Εἰ δὲ ἄπιστος εἶ, φοβοῦ μὴ μᾶλλον τὸ θηρίον ἢ τὴν σεαυτοῦ ἀπιστίαν, δι' ἧς πάσῃ φθορᾷ σεαυτὸν εὐάλωτον κατεσκεύασας. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ αἰσθάνομαι πάλαι τὰ περὶ τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου γενέσεως ἀπαιτούμενος, καὶ μονονουχὶ ἀκούειν δοκῶ μοι τῶν ἀκροατῶν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις καταβοώντων, ὅτι τὰ μὲν ἡμέτερα ὁποῖά τινά ἐστι τὴν φύσιν διδασκόμεθα, ἡμᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς ἀγνοοῦμεν. Ἀνάγκη οὖν εἰπεῖν, τὸν κατέχοντα ἡμᾶς ὄκνον παρωσαμένους. Τῷ ὄντι γὰρ ἔοικε πάντων εἶναι χαλεπώτατον ἑαυτὸν ἐπιγνῶναι. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὀφθαλμὸς τὰ ἔξω βλέπων ἐφ' ἑαυτὸν οὐ κέχρηται τῷ ὁρᾶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἡμῶν ὁ νοῦς, ὀξέως τὸ ἀλλότριον ἁμάρτημα καταβλέπων, βραδύς ἐστι πρὸς τὴν τῶν οἰκείων ἐλαττωμάτων ἐπίγνωσιν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ νῦν ὁ λόγος, ὀξέως ἐπελθὼν τὰ ἀλλότρια, νωθρός ἐστι καὶ ὄκνου πλήρης πρὸς τὴν τῶν οἰκείων ἐξέτασιν: καίτοι οὐ μᾶλλον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς τὸν Θεὸν ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι, ἢ καὶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας ἡμῶν κατασκευῆς, τόν γε συνετῶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξετάσαντα: ὥς φησιν ὁ προφήτης: Ἐθαυμαστώθη ἡ γνῶσίς σου ἐξ ἐμοῦ: τουτέστιν, ἐμαυτὸν καταμαθὼν, τὸ ὑπερβάλλον τῆς ἐν σοὶ σοφίας ἐξεδιδάχθην. Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον. Ποῦ μοι ὁ Ἰουδαῖος, ὃς, ἐν τοῖς κατόπιν, ὥσπερ διὰ θυρίδων τινῶν, τοῦ τῆς θεολογίας φωτὸς διαλάμποντος, καὶ δευτέρου προσώπου τοῦ ὑποδεικνυμένου μὲν μυστικῶς, οὔπω δὲ ἐναργῶς ἐκφανέντος, πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀπεμάχετο, αὐτὸν ἑαυτῷ λέγων τὸν Θεὸν διαλέγεσθαι; Αὐτὸς γὰρ εἶπε, φησὶ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐποίησε. Γενηθήτω φῶς, καὶ ἐγένετο φῶς. Ἦν μὲν οὖν καὶ τότε πρόχειρος ἐν τοῖς παρ' αὐτῶν λεγομένοις ἡ ἀτοπία. Τίς γὰρ χαλκεὺς, ἢ τέκτων, ἢ σκυτοτόμος, ἐπὶ τῶν ὀργάνων τῆς τέχνης μόνος καθήμενος, οὐδενὸς αὐτῷ συνεργοῦντος, λέγει αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ, ποιήσωμεν τὴν μάχαιραν, ἢ συμπήξωμεν τὸ ἄροτρον, ἢ ἀπεργασώμεθα τὸ ὑπόδημα: ἀλλ' οὐχὶ σιωπῇ τὴν ἐπιβάλλουσαν ἐνέργειαν ἐκτελεῖ; Φλυαρία γὰρ τῷ ὄντι δεινὴ, ἄρχοντά τινα ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἐπιστάτην καθῆσθαι, δεσποτικῶς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ σφοδρῶς κατασπεύδοντα. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οἱ αὐτὸν τὸν Κύριον συκοφαντῆσαι μὴ κατοκνήσαντες, τί οὐκ ἂν εἴποιεν γεγυμνασμένην πρὸς τὸ ψεῦδος τὴν γλῶσσαν ἔχοντες; Ἡ μέντοι παροῦσα φωνὴ παντελῶς αὐτῶν ἀποφράσσει τὸ στόμα. Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον. Μὴ καὶ νῦν, εἰπέ μοι, μεμονωμένον ἐστὶ τὸ πρόσωπον; Οὐ γὰρ γέγραπται, γενηθήτω ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ, Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον. Ἕως οὔπω ὁ διδασκόμενος παρεφαίνετο, ἐν βάθει ἐκεκάλυπτο τῆς θεολογίας τὸ κήρυγμα: ὅτε λοιπὸν ἀνθρώπου γένεσις προσδοκᾶται, παραγυμνοῦται ἡ πίστις, καὶ τρανότερον παραδηλοῦται τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ δόγμα. Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον. Ἀκούεις, ὦ χριστομάχε, ὅτι τῷ κοινωνῷ τῆς δημιουργίας προσδιαλέγεται, δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν, ὃς φέρει τὰ σύμπαντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ ἡσυχῇ παραδέχεται τὸν λόγον τῆς εὐσεβείας: ὥσπερ δὲ τῶν θηρίων τὰ μισανθρωπότατα, ἐπειδὰν τοῖς ζώγροις ἐναποκλεισθῇ, περιβρύχεται τοῖς κυλίνδροις, τὸ μὲν πικρὸν καὶ ἀνήμερον τῆς φύσεως ἐνδεικνύμενα, ἐκπληρῶσαι δὲ τὴν μανίαν οὐκ ἔχοντα: οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἐχθρὸν τῆς ἀληθείας γένος οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι στενοχωρούμενοι, πολλὰ, φασὶν, ἐστὶ τὰ πρόσωπα πρὸς οὓς ὁ λόγος γέγονε τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῖς ἀγγέλοις γὰρ λέγει τοῖς παρεστῶσιν αὐτῷ, Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον. Ἰουδαϊκὸν τὸ πλάσμα, τῆς ἐκεῖθεν εὐκολίας τὸ μυθολόγημα: ἵνα τὸν ἕνα μὴ παραδέξωνται, μυρίους εἰσάγουσι. Καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἀθετοῦντες, οἰκέταις τὸ τῆς συμβουλίας ἀξίωμα περιάπτουσι: καὶ τοὺς ὁμοδούλους ἡμῶν κυρίους ποιοῦσι τῆς ἡμετέρας δημιουργίας. Τελειούμενος ἄνθρωπος πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀγγέλων ἀξίαν ἀνάγεται. Ποῖον δὲ δημιούργημα ἴσον δύναται εἶναι τῷ κτίσαντι; Σκόπει δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐφεξῆς, Κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν. Τί λέγεις πρὸς τοῦτο; Μὴ καὶ εἰκὼν μία Θεοῦ καὶ ἀγγέλων; Υἱοῦ μὲν γὰρ καὶ Πατρὸς πᾶσα ἀνάγκη τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι μορφήν: θεοπρεπῶς δηλονότι τῆς μορφῆς νοουμένης, οὐκ ἐν σχήματι σωματικῷ, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ ἰδιώματι τῆς θεότητος. Ἄκουε καὶ σὺ ὁ ἐκ τῆς νέας κατατομῆς, ὁ τὸν Ἰουδαϊσμὸν πρεσβεύων ἐν Χριστιανισμοῦ προσποιήσει. Τίνι λέγει, Κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν; Τίνι ἄλλῳ γε, ἢ τῷ ἀπαυγάσματι τῆς δόξης, καὶ χαρακτῆρι τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου; Τῇ ἰδίᾳ τοίνυν εἰκόνι τῇ ζώσῃ, τῇ εἰπούσῃ, Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν, καὶ Ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ, ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα: ταύτῃ λέγει, Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν. Ὅπου μία εἰκὼν, ποῦ τὸ ἀνόμοιον; Καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Οὐχὶ, ἐποίησαν. Ἔφυγεν ἐνταῦθα τὸν πληθυσμὸν τῶν προσώπων. Δι' ἐκείνων μὲν τὸν Ἰουδαῖον παιδεύων, διὰ τούτων δὲ τὸν Ἑλληνισμὸν ἀποκλείων, ἀσφαλῶς ἀνέδραμεν ἐπὶ τὴν μονάδα, ἵνα καὶ Υἱὸν νοῇς μετὰ Πατρὸς, καὶ τῆς πολυθεΐας ἐκφύγῃς τὸ ἐπικίνδυνον. Ἐν εἰκόνι Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν. Πάλιν τοῦ συνεργοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον παρεισήγαγεν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ἐν εἰκόνι ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλ', Ἐν εἰκόνι Θεοῦ. Ἐν τίνι μὲν οὖν ἔχει τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ὁ ἄνθρωπος, καὶ πῶς μεραλαμβάνει τοῦ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν, ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς, Θεοῦ διδόντος, εἰρήσεται. Νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον λεγέσθω, ὅτι εἰ μία εἰκὼν, πόθεν σοι ἐπῆλθεν ἀφόρητα δυσσεβεῖν, ἀνόμοιον λέγοντι τὸν Υἱὸν τῷ Πατρί; Ὢ τῆς ἀχαριστίας: ἧς μετέλαβες ὁμοιότητος, ταύτης οὐ μεταδίδως τῷ εὐεργέτῃ; καὶ σαυτῷ μὲν κύρια μένειν τὰ ἐκ τῆς χάριτος παρασχεθέντα νομίζεις, τῷ δὲ Υἱῷ τὴν ἐκ φύσεως ὁμοιότητα πρὸς τὸν γεννήσαντα ἔχειν οὐκ ἐπιτρέπεις; Ἀλλὰ σιωπὴν γὰρ ἡμῖν ἐπιτάσσει λοιπὸν ἡ ἑσπέρα πάλαι πρὸς δυσμὰς τὸν ἥλιον παραπέμψασα. Ἐνταῦθα δὴ οὖν τὸν λόγον καὶ ἡμεῖς κατευνάσωμεν, ἀρκεσθέντες τοῖς εἰρημένοις. Νῦν μὲν οὖν ὅσον διεγεῖραι ὑμῶν τὸν ζῆλον τοῦ λόγου παρηψάμεθα: τὴν δὲ τελειοτέραν περὶ τῶν προκειμένων ἐξέτασιν ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς ἀποδώσομεν, τῇ συνεργίᾳ τοῦ Πνεύματος. Ἄπιτέ μοι χαίροντες, ἡ φιλόχριστος ἐκκλησία, ἀντὶ παντὸς ὄψου πολυτελοῦς καὶ τῶν ποικίλων καρυκευμάτων τῇ μνήμῃ τῶν εἰρημένων τὰς σεμνὰς ὑμῶν κατακοσμοῦντες τραπέζας. Καταισχυνέσθω ὁ ἀνόμοιος, ἐντρεπέσθω ὁ Ἰουδαῖος, ἀγαλλέσθω τοῖς δόγμασι τῆς ἀληθείας ὁ εὐσεβὴς, δοξαζέσθω ὁ Κύριος, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.