John Chrysostom, On the Letter to the Ephesians

does not partake of that which is present, does not perceive it; but we do, yes. Now you would not choose to use a dirty vessel, yet you approach with a dirty soul? 62.29 I see a great inconsistency in the matter. At other times you often do not approach even when you are clean, but at Pascha, even if you have dared to do something wrong, you approach. Oh, the force of habit! Oh, the power of prejudice! In vain is the daily sacrifice, in vain have we stood at the altar, there is no one who partakes. I say these things not that you should simply partake, but that you should make yourselves worthy. Are you not worthy of the sacrifice, nor of communion? Then neither of the prayer. You hear the deacon standing and saying: All who are in penitence, depart. All who do not partake are in penitence. If you are one of those in penitence, you ought not to partake; for he who does not partake is one of those in penitence. Why then does he say, Depart, you who are not able to pray, yet you stand here shamelessly? But you are not one of these, but of those who are able to partake, and you care nothing? Do you consider the matter as nothing? εʹ. Consider, I beseech you: A royal table is present, angels are ministering at the table, the King himself is present, and you stand yawning? Are your garments filthy, and you have no concern? But are they clean? Then recline and partake. He comes every day to see those who are reclining, he speaks to all; and now he will say in your conscience: Friends, how is it that you stand here, not having a wedding garment? He did not say, Why did you recline? But before reclining and entering he says he is unworthy; for he did not say, Why did you recline? But, Why did you enter? These things he now says to all of us who stand shamelessly and impudently. For everyone who does not partake of the mysteries is shameless and stands impudently. For this reason those in sins are cast out first. For just as when the master comes to the table, the servants who have offended ought not to be present, but they get out of the way; so also here, when the sacrifice is being brought forth, and Christ has been sacrificed, and the Lord's lamb, when you hear, 'Let us all pray together,' when you see the curtains being drawn up, then consider that heaven is opened from above, and the angels are descending. Just as, therefore, none of the uninitiated should be present, so neither should any of the initiated who are defiled. Tell me, if someone is invited to a feast, washes his hands and reclines, and is ready for the table, then does not partake, does he not insult the one who invited him? Is it not better for such a one not to have come at all? So also you have come; you have sung the hymn, with all you have professed to be one of the worthy ones by not withdrawing with the unworthy; how is it that you have remained, and do not partake of the table? I am unworthy, he says. Then also of that communion in the prayers. For not only through 62.30 the offerings, but also through those hymns the Spirit descends from all sides. Do you not see our servants wiping the table all over with a sponge, and cleaning the house, and so setting the platters? This is done through the prayers, through the cry of the deacon; as with a sponge we wash the church all over, so that in a clean church all things may be set forth, that there may be no spot, nor wrinkle. Unworthy also are the eyes of these sights, and unworthy the ears. And if a beast, it says, touches the mountain, it shall be stoned. Thus they were not even worthy to set foot on it; and yet after these things they both approached and saw where God had stood. It is permitted after this to approach and see; but when He is present, depart; it is not more permissible for you than for the catechumen. For it is not the same thing to have not yet received the mysteries, and after receiving them to offend and despise them, and to make oneself unworthy of the matter. It was possible to say more and more fearful things, but so as not to weary your minds, these things are enough; for those who are not made sober by these things, will not be by more. Therefore, that we may not work a greater judgment for you, we exhort you, not that you should not come, but that you should make yourselves worthy both of your presence and of your approach. Tell me, if some king had commanded, and said, If anyone does this, let him abstain from my table, would it be for

οὐ μετέχει τοῦ ἐνόντος, οὐκ αἰσθάνεται· ἡμεῖς δὲ, ναί. Νῦν δὲ ῥυπαρῷ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιο χρήσασθαι σκεύει, ῥυπαρᾷ δὲ ψυχῇ 62.29 προσέρχῃ; Πολλὴν ὁρῶ τοῦ πράγματος τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν. Ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἄλλοις καιροῖς οὐδὲ καθαροὶ πολλάκις ὄντες προσέρχεσθε, ἐν δὲ τῷ Πάσχα, κἂν ᾖ τι τετολμημένον ὑμῖν, πρόσιτε. Ὢ τῆς συνηθείας! ὢ τῆς προλήψεως! εἰκῆ θυσία καθημερινὴ, εἰκῆ παρεστήκαμεν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, οὐδεὶς ὁ μετέχων. Ταῦτα οὐχ ἵνα ἁπλῶς μετέχητε, λέγω, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀξίους ἑαυτοὺς κατασκευάζητε. Οὐκ εἶ τῆς θυσίας ἄξιος, οὐδὲ τῆς μεταλήψεως; Οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ τῆς εὐχῆς. Ἀκούεις ἑστῶτος τοῦ κήρυκος, καὶ λέγοντος· Ὅσοι ἐν μετανοίᾳ, ἀπέλθετε πάντες. Ὅσοι μὴ μετέχουσιν, ἐν μετανοίᾳ εἰσίν. Εἰ τῶν ἐν μετανοίᾳ εἶ, μετασχεῖν οὐκ ὀφείλεις· ὁ γὰρ μὴ μετέχων, τῶν ἐν μετανοίᾳ ἐστί. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν λέγει, Ἀπέλθετε, οἱ μὴ δυνάμενοι δεηθῆναι, σὺ δὲ ἕστηκας ἰταμῶς; Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶ τούτων, ἀλλὰ τῶν δυναμένων μετέχειν, καὶ οὐδὲν φροντίζεις; οὐδὲν ἡγῇ τὸ πρᾶγμα; εʹ. Σκόπει, παρακαλῶ· Τράπεζα πάρεστι βασιλικὴ, ἄγγελοι διακονούμενοι τῇ τραπέζῃ, αὐτὸς πάρεστιν ὁ Βασιλεὺς, καὶ σὺ ἕστηκας χασμώμενος; ῥυπαρά σοι τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ οὐδείς σοι λόγος; Ἀλλὰ καθαρά ἐστιν; Οὐκοῦν ἀνάπεσον, καὶ μέτεχε. Ἔρχεται καθ' ἑκάστην ἰδεῖν τοὺς ἀνακειμένους, πᾶσι διαλέγεται· καὶ νῦν ἐν τῷ συνειδότι ἐρεῖ· Ἑταῖροι, πῶς ἑστήκατε ὧδε, μὴ ἔχοντες ἔνδυμα γάμου; Οὐκ εἶπε, ∆ιὰ τί ἀνέπεσες; ἀλλὰ πρὸ τῆς κατακλίσεως καὶ τῆς εἰσόδου ἀνάξιον αὐτὸν εἶναί φησιν· οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, ∆ιὰ τί κατεκλίθης; ἀλλὰ, Τί εἰσῆλθες; Ταῦτα καὶ νῦν πρὸς ἅπαντας ἡμᾶς διαλέγεται τοὺς ἀναισχύντως καὶ ἰταμῶς ἑστῶτας. Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ μὴ μετέχων τῶν μυστηρίων, ἀναίσχυντος καὶ ἰταμῶς ἑστηκώς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πρότεροι ἐκβάλλονται οἱ ἐν ἁμαρτήμασι. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τραπέζης παραγενομένου τοῦ δεσπότου οὐ δεῖ τοὺς προσκεκρουκότας τῶν οἰκετῶν παρεῖναι, ἀλλ' ἐκποδὼν γίνονται· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ἐκφερομένης τῆς θυσίας, καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τεθυμένου, καὶ τοῦ προβάτου τοῦ ∆εσποτικοῦ, ὅταν ἀκούσῃς, ∆εηθῶμεν πάντες κοινῇ, ὅταν ἴδῃς ἀνελκόμενα τὰ ἀμφίθυρα, τότε νόμισον διαστέλλεσθαι τὸν οὐρανὸν ἄνωθεν, καὶ κατιέναι τοὺς ἀγγέλους. Ὥσπερ τοίνυν τῶν ἀμυήτων οὐδένα χρὴ παρεῖναι, οὕτως οὐδὲ τῶν μεμυημένων καὶ ῥυπαρῶν. Εἰπέ μοι, εἴ τις εἰς ἑστίασιν κληθεὶς, τὰς χεῖρας νίψαιτο καὶ κατακλιθείη, καὶ ἕτοιμος γένοιτο πρὸς τὴν τράπεζαν, εἶτα μὴ μετέχοι, οὐχ ὑβρίζει τὸν καλέσαντα; οὐ βέλτιον τὸν τοιοῦτον μηδὲ παραγενέσθαι; Οὕτω δὴ καὶ σὺ παραγέγονας· τὸν ὕμνον ᾖσας, μετὰ πάντων ὡμολόγησας εἶναι τῶν ἀξίων τῷ μὴ μετὰ τῶν ἀναξίων ἀνακεχωρηκέναι· πῶς ἔμεινας, καὶ οὐ μετέχεις τῆς τραπέζης; Ἀνάξιός εἰμι, φησίν. Οὐκοῦν καὶ τῆς κοινωνίας ἐκείνης τῆς ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς. Οὐ γὰρ διὰ 62.30 προκειμένων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν ᾠδῶν ἐκείνων τὸ Πνεῦμα πάντοθεν κάτεισιν. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς ἡμετέρους οἰκέτας τῇ σπογγιᾷ τὴν τράπεζαν περιπλύνοντας, καὶ τὸν οἶκον καθαίροντας, καὶ οὕτω τοὺς πίνακας τιθέντας; Τοῦτο γίνεται διὰ τῶν εὐχῶν, διὰ τῆς βοῆς τοῦ κήρυκος· ὥσπερ σπογγιᾷ περιπλύνομεν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ἵνα ἐν καθαρᾷ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πάντα προτεθῇ, ἵνα μηδεὶς ᾖ σπῖλος, μηδὲ ῥυτίς. Ἀνάξιοι καὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ τῶν θεαμάτων τούτων, ἀνάξιαι καὶ ἀκοαί. Κἂν θηρίον, φησὶ, θίγῃ τοῦ ὄρους, λιθοβοληθήσεται. Οὕτως οὐδὲ τῆς ἐπιβάσεως ἄξιοι ἦσαν· καίτοι γε μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ προσῆλθον, καὶ εἶδον ποῦ ἑστήκει ὁ Θεός. Ἔξεστι μετὰ ταῦτα προσελθεῖν, καὶ ἰδεῖν· ὅταν μέντοι παρῇ, ἄπιθι· οὐκ ἔξεστί σοι μᾶλλον, ἢ τῷ κατηχουμένῳ. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον μηδέπω τυχεῖν μυστηρίων, καὶ μετὰ τὸ τυχεῖν προσκρούσαντα καταφρονεῖν, καὶ ἀνάξιον ἑαυτὸν καταστῆσαι τοῦ πράγματος. Ἐνῆν καὶ πλείονα λέγειν καὶ φοβερώτερα, ἀλλ' ὥστε μὴ βαρῆσαι τὴν διάνοιαν ὑμῶν, ἀρκεῖ καὶ ταῦτα· οἱ γὰρ μὴ τούτοις σωφρονιζόμενοι, οὐδὲ τοῖς πλείοσιν. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ μεῖζον ὑμῖν τὸ κρῖμα ἐργασώμεθα, παρακαλῶμεν ὑμᾶς, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ παραγίνησθε, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τῆς παρουσίας καὶ τῆς προσόδου ἀξίους ἑαυτοὺς καταστήσητε. Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ βασιλεύς τις ἐπέταξε, καὶ εἶπεν, Εἴ τις τόδε πράττει, τῆς τραπέζης ἀπεχέτω τῆς ἐμῆς, ἆρα ὑπὲρ