55

and death, and the curse, and sin. Do you see the spoils and the booty? But what is "he ascended," if not that he also descended? This is against the followers of Paul of Samosata. He who descended is the same one who also ascended far above all the heavens, that he might fill all things. Into the lower parts of the earth, he says, he descended, beyond which there are no others; and he ascended above all things, beyond which there is nothing else. This belongs to his working and his lordship; for indeed all things were filled of old. And he gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as shepherds and teachers, for the equipping of the saints, for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ. What he says elsewhere, "Therefore God has highly exalted him," this he also says here: He who descended is the same one who also ascended. It did not harm him at all to descend into the lower parts of the earth, nor did it hinder him from being higher than the heavens. So that the more one is humbled, the more one is exalted. For just as with water, the more one brings it down, the more it rises up, and the more one hurls a javelin from a distance, the more one hits the mark; so it is with humility. But when we speak of God's ascensions, it is necessary first to think of a descent; but when of man, no longer. Then he also shows his providence and his wisdom, and says: He who accomplished such things, and was strong enough for so much, and did not shrink from descending for our sakes even to the lower parts, would not have made the distributions of the gifts without purpose. But elsewhere he says that the Spirit worked this, saying thus: "in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers to shepherd the Church of the Lord." And here he says that it is the Son, but elsewhere, that it is God; and again, "He gave to the Church some as apostles, and some as prophets." But in the letter to the Corinthians he says: "I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth"; and again, "He who plants and he who waters are one; and each will receive his own reward according to his own labor." So also here. For what if you contribute less? so much you have received. First, apostles; for these had all things. Second, prophets; for there were some who were not apostles, but prophets, like Agabus. Third, evangelists; those who did not travel everywhere, but only evangelized, like Priscilla and Aquila. Shepherds and teachers, those entrusted with a whole nation. What then? Are shepherds and teachers lesser? Certainly, those who sit and are occupied in one place, like Timothy and Titus, are lesser than those who travel about and evangelize. But otherwise, it is not possible to establish the subordination and the preference from here, but from another Epistle. "He gave," he says; do not gainsay it. Or by evangelists, he means those who wrote the Gospel. For the equipping of the saints, for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ. 62.83 3. Do you see the dignity? Each one builds up, each one equips, each one ministers. Until we all attain, he says, to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ. Here by stature he means perfect knowledge. For just as a man stands firm, but children are carried about in their minds, so also it is with the faithful. "To the unity," he says, "of the faith." That is, until we all are shown to have one faith. For this is the unity of faith, when we are all one, when we all alike acknowledge the bond. Until then one must work, if for this reason you have received a gift, that you may build up others. See that you do not destroy yourself by envying another. God has honored you, and appointed you, to equip another. For indeed the apostle was for this, and the prophet was for this, prophesying and persuading, and the evangelist evangelizing, and the shepherd and the teacher; all had undertaken one work. For do not tell me of the difference of the gifts; all are one

55

καὶ τὸν θάνατον, καὶ τὴν ἀρὰν καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Ὁρᾷς σκῦλα καὶ λάφυρα; Τὸ δὲ ἀνέβη τί ἐστι, εἰ μὴ ὅτι καὶ κατέβη; Τοῦτο πρὸς τοὺς Παύλου τοῦ Σαμοσατέως. Ὁ καταβὰς, αὐτός ἐστι καὶ ὁ ἀναβὰς ὑπεράνω τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα. Εἰς τὰ κατώτερα, φησὶ, μέρη κατέβη τῆς γῆς, μεθ' ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἕτερα· καὶ ἀνέβη ὑπεράνω πάντων, μεθ' ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἕτερόν τι. Τοῦτό ἐστι τῆς ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς δεσποτείας· καὶ γὰρ καὶ πάλαι πάντα πεπλήρωτο. Καὶ αὐτὸς ἔδωκε τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστὰς, τοὺς δὲ ποιμένας καὶ διδασκάλους, πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων, εἰς ἔργον διακονίας, εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὅπερ λέγει ἀλλαχοῦ, ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέγει· Ὁ καταβὰς, αὐτός ἐστι καὶ ὁ ἀναβάς. Οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἔβλαψε τὸ εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς κατελθεῖν, οὐδὲ ἐνεπόδισε πρὸς τὸ ἀνωτέρω γενέσθαι τῶν οὐρανῶν. Ὥστε ὅσῳ ἄν τις ταπεινωθῇ, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ὑψοῦται. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος ὅσῳ ἄν τις τοῦτο εἰς τὸ κάτω κατενέγκῃ, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον αὐτὸ πρὸς ὕψος ἀνάγει, καὶ ὅσῳ ἄν τις ἐκ διαστήματος ἀκοντίσῃ, τοσούτῳ ἐπιτυγχάνει· οὕτω ἐπὶ τῆς ταπεινοφροσύνης. Ἀλλ' ὅταν περὶ Θεοῦ λέγωμεν τὰς ἀναβάσεις, ἀνάγκη πρῶτον κατάβασιν ἐννοεῖν· ὅταν δὲ περὶ ἀνθρώπου, οὐκέτι. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν αὐτοῦ δείκνυσι καὶ τὴν σοφίαν, καί φησιν· Ὁ τοιαῦτα ἐργασάμενος, καὶ τοσαῦτα ἰσχύσας, καὶ μέχρι τῶν κατωτέρων μερῶν μὴ παραιτησάμενος κατελθεῖν δι' ἡμᾶς, οὐκ ἂν ἁπλῶς τὰς διανομὰς τῶν χαρισμάτων ἐποίησεν. Ἀλλαχοῦ δέ φησιν ὅτι τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦτο εἰργάσατο, οὕτω λέγων· Ἐν ᾧ ἔθετο ὑμᾶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπισκόπους ποιμαίνειν τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Κυρίου. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα μέν φησιν, ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς, ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ, ὅτι ὁ Θεός· καὶ πάλιν, Αὐτὸς ἔδωκε τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας. Ἐν δὲ τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους φησίν· Ἐγὼ ἐφύτευσα, Ἀπολλὼς ἐπότισεν ἀλλ' ὁ Θεὸς ηὔξανε· καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ φυτεύων δὲ καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν· ἕκαστος δὲ τὸν ἴδιον μισθὸν λήψεται κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον κόπον. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Τί γὰρ, εἰ ἔλαττον εἰσφέρεις; τοσοῦτον ἔλαβες. Πρῶτον ἀποστόλους· πάντα γὰρ εἶχον οὗτοι. ∆εύτερον προφήτας· ἦσαν γάρ τινες, οἳ ἀπόστολοι μὲν οὐκ ἦσαν, προφῆται δὲ, ὥσπερ Ἄγαβος. Τρίτον εὐαγγελιστάς· οἱ μὴ περιιόντες πανταχοῦ, ἀλλ' εὐαγγελιζόμενοι μόνον, ὡς Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας. Ποιμένας καὶ διδασκάλους, τοὺς ὁλόκληρον ἐμπεπιστευμένους ἔθνος. Τί οὖν; οἱ ποιμένες καὶ οἱ διδάσκαλοι ἐλάττους; Καὶ πάνυ, τῶν περιιόντων καὶ εὐαγγελιζομένων οἱ καθήμενοι καὶ περὶ ἕνα τόπον ἠσχολημένοι, οἷον Τιμόθεος, Τίτος. Ἄλλως δὲ, οὐ δυνατὸν ἐντεῦθεν ποιήσασθαι τὴν ὑποταγὴν καὶ τὴν προτίμησιν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ ἑτέρας Ἐπιστολῆς. Αὐτὸς ἔδωκε, φησί· μηδὲν ἀντείπῃς. Ἢ εὐαγγελιστάς φησι, τοὺς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον γράψαντας. Πρὸς καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων, εἰς ἔργον διακονίας, εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. 62.83 γʹ. Ὁρᾷς τὸ ἀξίωμα; Ἕκαστος οἰκοδομεῖ, ἕκαστος καταρτίζει, ἕκαστος διακονεῖ. Μέχρις οὗ καταντήσομεν, φησὶν, οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον, εἰς μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἡλικίαν ἐνταῦθά φησι τὴν τελείαν ἐπίγνωσιν. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἕστηκε βεβαίως, οἱ δὲ παῖδες τὰς φρένας περιφέρονται, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πιστῶν. Εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα, φησὶ, τῆς πίστεως. Τουτέστιν, ἕως ἂν δειχθῶμεν πάντες μίαν πίστιν ἔχοντες. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἑνότης πίστεως, ὅταν πάντες ἓν ὦμεν, ὅταν πάντες ὁμοίως τὸν σύνδεσμον ἐπιγινώσκωμεν. Μέχρι τότε ἐργάζεσθαι χρὴ, εἰ διὰ τοῦτο χάρισμα ἔλαβες, ἵνα ἄλλους οἰκοδομῇς. Βλέπε μὴ σαυτὸν καταστρέψῃς, ἑτέρῳ φθονῶν. Ἐτίμησέ σε ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἔταξεν, ὥστε καταρτίζειν ἕτερον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ ἀπόστολος πρὸς τούτῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ προφήτης πρὸς τούτῳ ἦν προφητεύων καὶ πείθων, καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς εὐαγγελιζόμενος, καὶ ὁ ποιμὴν καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος· πάντες ἓν ἔργον ἦσαν ἀναδεδεγμένοι. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὴν διαφορὰν τῶν χαρισμάτων εἴπῃς· πάντες ἓν