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one were to place earth, having put it under the roof, filling a tile with much dung, though weak, the plants nevertheless spring up. So that the contribution from the earth and the dung is greater, and one ought to worship these things rather than that. It needs heaven, it needs air, it needs water, so that it does not harm, just as bridles hold back its wild power, and do not allow it to send forth its ray everywhere, like some wild horse. Tell me, where is this one for us during the night? Where has the god gone away? For it is not of a god to be enclosed and limited; for this truly belongs to bodies alone. But there is also some power in it, he says, and it moves. Is this power, then, tell me, a god? Why then does it have needs, and not contain the fire? For again my argument is the same. And what of that power? Is it some illuminating power, or does it give light through this, itself partaking of none of these things? Therefore the sun is greater than it. How long shall we unwind a labyrinth? 3. And what of water? Is not it also a god, they say? This again is truly a matter of contentious laughter. Is it not a god, he says, which we use for so many things? And concerning the earth again likewise. Truly, "In the vanity of their mind, having their understanding darkened." But he says these things now concerning life: The Greeks commit fornication and adultery. Rightly so; for those who portray such gods for themselves, do all things accordingly; and even if they are able to escape the eyes of men, there is no one who will restrain them. For what power will the doctrine of the resurrection have, which seems to them to be a myth? But what about the things in Hades? But these are also myths; and behold the satanic thought. When they speak to them of fornicating gods, they do not say they are myths, but are persuaded; but when they discourse about punishment, "They are poets," they say, "and they make everything up," so that the state of right living might be overthrown from every side. But the philosophers, he says, surely invented something venerable, and better than these things. How so? Those who introduce fate, and say that all things are without providence, and that nothing matters to anyone, but are composed of atoms? but others who said that God is a body? But 62.92 who, tell me? Those who make human souls into canine ones, and persuade men that someone was once a dog, and a lion, and a fish? How long will you not cease from your nonsense, being darkened in your understanding? For as if being in darkness they both say and do everything, both concerning doctrines and concerning life. For one who is darkened sees none of the things lying in his path, but often seeing a rope, he thought it a snake of its own accord; again being held back by a fence, he thought some man or demon was holding him; and there is great noise, great confusion. They fear such things; "They shall fear," it says, "a fear, where there was no fear;" but the things worthy of fear they have not feared. But just as children thoughtlessly and boldly put their hands to the fire and to the lamp while being held by their nurses, but fear a man dressed in a sack; so also indeed these Greeks, being truly always children (as one of their own also said: "Greeks are always children"), they have feared things that are not sins, such as defilement of the body, a funeral, a bed, and the observance of days, and such things; but what are truly sins, pederasty, adultery, fornication, of these they take no account. But you might see one washing himself from a dead body, but from dead works, no longer; and for the sake of money making great effort, but believing the whole matter to be resolved by a single cock; so are they darkened in their understanding. Their soul is full of many fears, for example, "So-and-so met me first," he says, "as I was leaving the house; surely a myriad of evils must befall me." "Now the wretched servant, handing me my shoes, offered the left one first; terrible misfortunes, and insults." "I myself, going out, stepped forward with my left foot first; and this is a sign of misfortunes." And these are the evils concerning the house; but when I have gone outside, my right eye twitches from below; this is a sign of tears. And the women also, when the reeds striking against the loom-beam make a noise, or when they themselves beat the web with the reed, it is a sign and

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γῆν ἐναποθέμενος, ὑπὸ τὸν ὄροφον κατάθοιτο, κέραμον ἐμπλήσας κόπρου πολλῆς, ἀσθενῆ μὲν, ἀναδίδοται δὲ ὅμως τὰ φυτά. Ὥστε πλείων ἡ παρὰ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς κόπρου συντέλεια, καὶ ταῦτα μᾶλλον ἐκείνου χρὴ προσκυνεῖν. Οὐρανοῦ δεῖται, ἀέρος δεῖται, ὑδάτων δεῖται τούτων, ὥστε μὴ βλάπτειν καθάπερ χαλινῶν κατεχόντων αὐτοῦ τὴν τῆς δυνάμεως ἀγριότητα, καὶ οὐκ ἐώντων ἐπαφεῖναι πανταχοῦ τὴν ἀκτῖνα, ὥσπερ τινὰ ἵππον ἄγριον. Εἰπὲ δή μοι, ποῦ ἡμῖν ἐστιν οὗτος κατὰ τὴν νύκτα; ποῦ ὁ θεὸς ἀποδεδήμηκεν; οὐ γὰρ θεοῦ τοῦτο τὸ περικλείεσθαι καὶ περατοῦσθαι· σωμάτων γὰρ ὄντως τοῦτο μόνον. Ἀλλὰ καὶ δύναμίς τίς ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ, φησὶ, καὶ κινεῖται. Αὕτη οὖν ἡ δύναμις, εἰπέ μοι, θεός; τί οὖν αὕτη δεῖται, καὶ μὴ κατέχει τὸ πῦρ; πάλιν γὰρ ὁ αὐτός μοι λόγος. Τί δὲ ἡ δύναμις ἐκείνη; φωτιστική τί[ς] ἐστιν, ἢ διὰ τούτου φωτίζει, αὐτὴ μετέχουσα τούτων μηδενός; Οὐκοῦν μείζων αὐτῆς ὁ ἥλιος. Μέχρι τίνος ἀνελίττομεν λαβύρινθον; γʹ. Τί δὲ τὸ ὕδωρ; οὐχὶ καὶ αὐτὸ θεὸς, φασί; Τοῦτο ὄντως γέλωτος πάλιν φιλονείκου. Οὐχὶ θεὸς, φησὶν, ᾧ πρὸς τοσαῦτα κεχρήμεθα; Καὶ περὶ τῆς γῆς πάλιν ὁμοίως. Ὄντως, Ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν, ἐσκοτισμένοι τὴν διάνοιαν. Ἀλλὰ περὶ βίου ταῦτά φησι νῦν· Πορνεύουσι καὶ μοιχεύουσιν Ἕλληνες. Εἰκότως· οἱ γὰρ τοιούτους ὑπογράφοντες ἑαυτοῖς θεοὺς, πάντα ἀκολούθως ἐργάζονται· κἂν τοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων δυνηθῶσι λαθεῖν ὀφθαλμοὺς, οὐδεὶς ὁ καθέξων αὐτούς. Τί γὰρ δυνήσεται ὁ περὶ ἀναστάσεως λόγος, μῦθος αὐτοῖς εἶναι δοκῶν; Ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν ἐν ᾅδου; Ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῦτα μῦθοι· καὶ θέα τὴν σατανικὴν ἔννοιαν. Ὅταν μὲν λέγωσιν αὐτοῖς θεοὺς πόρνους, οὔ φασιν εἶναι μύθους, ἀλλὰ πείθονται· ὅταν δὲ περὶ κολάσεως διαλέγωνται, Ποιηταὶ, φασὶν, εἰσὶ, καὶ πάντα μυθεύουσιν, ἵνα πάντοθεν ἀνατρέπηται τῆς εὐζωΐας ἡ κατάστασις. Ἀλλ' οἱ φιλόσοφοι, φησὶν, ἐφεῦρόν τι σεμνὸν πάντως, καὶ τούτων κρεῖττον. Πῶς; οἱ τὴν εἱμαρμένην ἐπεισάγοντες, καὶ ἀπρονόητα εἶναι λέγοντες τὰ πάντα, καὶ μηδενὶ μέλειν μηδενὸς, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀτόμων συνεστάναι; ἀλλ' ἕτεροι οἱ σῶμα τὸν Θεὸν εἰπόντες; Ἀλλὰ 62.92 τίνες, εἰπέ μοι; οἱ τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας ψυχὰς κυνείας ποιοῦντες, καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους πείθοντες, ὅτι καὶ κύων ἐγένετό ποτέ τις, καὶ λέων καὶ ἰχθύς; Μέχρι τίνος οὐ παύεσθε ληροῦντες, ἐσκοτισμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ; καθάπερ γὰρ ὄντες ἐν σκότῳ πάντα καὶ λέγουσι καὶ πράττουσι, καὶ τὰ περὶ δογμάτων καὶ τὰ περὶ βίου. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὁρᾷ τῶν ἐν μέσῳ κειμένων, ὅς ἐστιν ἐσκοτισμένος, ἀλλὰ σχοινίον πολλάκις ἰδὼν, ὄφιν ἐνόμισεν αὐτόματον· ὑπὸ φραγμοῦ πάλιν κατασχεθεὶς, ἐνόμισεν ἄνθρωπόν τινα ἢ δαίμονα κατέχειν αὐτόν· καὶ πολὺς ὁ θόρυβος, πολλὴ ἡ ταραχή. Τοιαῦτά τινα φοβοῦνται· Φοβηθήσονται, φησὶ, φόβον, οὗ οὐκ ἦν φόβος· τὰ δὲ ἄξια φόβου οὐ δεδοίκασιν. Ἀλλὰ καθάπερ τὰ παιδία τῷ μὲν πυρὶ τὰς χεῖρας ἀπρονοήτως, καὶ τῷ λύχνῳ τολμηρῶς ἐπαφιᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῶν τιτθῶν βασταζόμενα, σάκκον δὲ ἄνδρα ἐνδεδυμένον φοβοῦνται· οὕτω δὴ καὶ οὗτοι οἱ Ἕλληνες, καθάπερ ὄντως ἀεὶ παιδία (ὡς καί τις τῶν παρ' αὐτοῖς εἶπεν· Ἕλληνες ἀεὶ παῖδες), τὰ μὲν οὐκ ὄντα ἁμαρτήματα δεδοίκασιν, οἷον ῥύπον σώματος, κῆδος, λέχος, καὶ ἡμερῶν παρατηρήσεις, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα· ἃ δέ ἐστιν ὄντως ἁμαρτήματα, παιδεραστία, μοιχεία, πορνεία, τούτων οὐδὲ λόγον ἔχουσιν. Ἀλλ' ἴδοις ἂν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ μὲν νεκροῦ λουόμενον, ἀπὸ δὲ νεκρῶν ἔργων, οὐκέτι· καὶ χρημάτων μὲν ἕνεκεν πολλὴν ποιούμενον σπουδὴν, ἑνὶ δὲ ἀλεκτρυόνι τὸ πᾶν διαλελύσθαι νομίζοντα· οὕτως ἐσκοτισμένοι εἰσὶ τῇ διανοίᾳ. Πολλῶν δειμάτων αὐτοῖς ἡ ψυχὴ μεστή, οἷον, Ὁ δεῖνά μοι πρῶτος ἐνέτυχε, φησὶν, ἐξιόντι τῆς οἰκίας· πάντως μυρία δεῖ κακὰ συμπεσεῖν. Νῦν ὁ οἰκέτης ὁ μιαρὸς τὰ ὑποδήματα ἐπιδιδοὺς, πρῶτον ὤρεξε τὸ ἀριστερόν· συμφοραὶ δειναὶ, καὶ ὕβρεις. Ἐγὼ αὐτὸς ἐξιὼν, τῷ ἀριστερῷ προτέρῳ προὔβην ποδί· καὶ τοῦτο συμφορῶν σημεῖον. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν περὶ τὴν οἰκίαν τὰ κακά· ἔξω δὲ ἐξελθόντι ὁ ὀφθαλμός μοι ὁ δεξιὸς κάτωθεν ἀναπηδᾷ· δακρύων τοῦτο τεκμήριον. Καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες δὲ, ὅταν τῷ ἱστόποδι προσαρασσόμενοι κροτῶσιν οἱ κάλαμοι, ἢ ὅταν αὐταὶ τῷ κτενὶ σπαθῶσι, σημεῖον καὶ