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God, that you may give thanks to Him, that you may build up your neighbor; since if you tear down the building, it is better to be silent, and never to speak. For the hands of a craftsman, which instead of weaving walls have learned to tear them down, would rightly be cut off. For the Psalmist says this: The Lord will destroy all deceitful lips. This is the cause of all evils, the mouth; or rather not the mouth, but those who use it badly. From here come insults, revilings, blasphemies, the kindling of pleasures, murders, adulteries, thefts, all are born from this. And how, he says, murders? From insult to anger, from anger to blows, from blows you have proceeded to murder. How adulteries? So-and-so loves you, he says, she said something nice about you, she relaxed your tension, and then desire is kindled in you as well. For this reason Paul said, If any is good. Since therefore the flood of words is great, he spoke reasonably without specifics, bidding us to speak those things, and giving a model for discourse. What model is this? If one builds up, he said. Or he says this, that the one who hears may know grace for you. For example, the brother has fornicated; do not parade the insult. Nor gloat; you have not helped the hearer at all, but have even harmed him, rightly, having given him a nail. But if you exhort him to what must be done, you give him great grace; if you teach him to have a well-spoken mouth, if you teach him to speak evil of no one, you have especially taught him, and have given him grace; if you discourse on compunction, on piety, on almsgiving, all these things soften his soul. For all these things he will confess his thanks. But if you provoke laughter, if you speak something shameful, you have rather inflamed; if you praise wickedness, you have thrown down and destroyed. This then is what he means; or that he might make them graceful, thus he spoke. For just as ointment gives grace to those who partake of it, so also does a good word; for this reason someone also said, Your name is ointment poured out; it made them breathe forth that fragrance. Do you see that what he always exhorts, this he also says now, permitting each one to build up his neighbor according to his own ability? He who therefore exhorts others to such things, much more so yourself. And do not grieve, he says, the Holy Spirit. More shudder-inducing 62.104 and more terrible is this, which he also says in the Epistle to the Thessalonians; for there too he says something like this: For he who rejects, rejects not man, but God. So also here. If you speak an insolent word, if you strike your brother, you have not struck him, but you have grieved the Spirit. Then also the addition of the good deed, that the accusation may be greater. And do not grieve the Holy Spirit, he says, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. This has shown us to be a royal flock, this has separated us from all the former things, this has not allowed us to lie among those liable to the wrath of God, and you grieve it? See how there he speaks fearfully, For he who rejects, he says, rejects not man, but God; but here reproachfully, Do not grieve the Holy Spirit, he says, by whom you were sealed. Let this seal be placed upon your mouth; do not remove the stamps. A spiritual mouth utters nothing of the sort. Do not say, It is nothing, if I say something shameful, if I insult so-and-so. For this reason it is a great evil, because it seems to be nothing. For things that seem to be nothing are easily despised, and things that are despised also grow, and things that grow also become incurable. Do you have a spiritual mouth? Consider what word you uttered immediately upon being born, what the worth of your mouth is. You call God Father, and immediately insult your brother? Consider from where you call God Father. From nature? But you could not have. From virtue? Not even this. But from where? From loving-kindness alone, from compassion, from much mercy. When therefore you call God Father, consider not only this, that by insulting you do things unworthy of that noble birth, but also that you have that nobility from loving-kindness. Do not therefore disgrace it, having received it from loving-kindness, but using cruelty towards your brothers. You call God Father, and you insult? But these are not the things of the Son of God.

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ὁ Θεὸς, ἵνα εὐχαριστῇς αὐτῷ, ἵνα οἰκοδομῇς τὸν πλησίον· ὡς ἐὰν καθαιρῇς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν, βέλτιον σιγᾷν, καὶ μηδέποτε φθέγγεσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ χεῖρες τεχνίτου, ἀντὶ τοῦ τοὺς τοίχους ἐξυφαίνειν μαθοῦσαι καθαιρεῖν, ἐκκόπτεσθαι δίκαιαι ἂν εἶεν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ψαλμῳδὸς τοῦτό φησιν· Ἐξολοθρεύσει Κύριος πάντα τὰ χείλη τὰ δόλια. Τοῦτο πάντων αἴτιον τῶν κακῶν, τὸ στόμα· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ τὸ στόμα, ἀλλ' οἱ κακῶς αὐτῷ χρώμενοι. Ἐντεῦθεν ὕβρεις, λοιδορίαι, βλασφημίαι, ἐκκαύματα τῶν ἡδονῶν, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, κλοπαὶ, πάντα ἀπὸ τούτου τίκτεται. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶ, φόνοι; Ἀπὸ ὕβρεως εἰς ὀργὴν, ἀπὸ ὀργῆς εἰς πληγὰς, ἀπὸ πληγῶν εἰς φόνον ἐξέβης. Πῶς μοιχεῖαι; Ἡ δεῖνά σε φιλεῖ, φησὶν, ἐφθέγξατό τι περὶ σοῦ χρηστὸν, ἐχάλασέ σου τὸν τόνον, εἶτα καὶ σοὶ οὕτως ἀνάπτεται τὰ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν, Εἴ τις ἀγαθός. Ἐπεὶ οὖν πολὺ τὸ χύμα τῶν λόγων, εἰκότως ἀδιορίστως εἶπεν, ἐκεῖνα φθέγγεσθαι κελεύσας, καὶ τύπον δοὺς ὁμιλίας. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτον; Εἴ τις οἰκοδομεῖ, εἰπών. Ἢ τοῦτό φησιν, ἵνα χάριν σοι εἰδῇ ὁ ἀκούων. Οἷον, ἐπόρνευσεν ὁ ἀδελφός· μὴ ἐκπόμπευε τὴν ὕβριν. Μηδὲ ἐντρύφα· οὐδὲν ὠφέλησας τὸν ἀκούοντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔβλαψας, εἰκότως, ἧλον αὐτῷ δούς. Ἂν μέντοι τὰ πρακτέα παραινῇ, πολλὴν αὐτῷ δίδως τὴν χάριν· ἂν παιδεύσῃς εὔφημον ἔχειν στόμα, ἂν διδάξῃς μηδένα κακηγορεῖν, μάλιστα αὐτὸν ἐπαίδευσας, καὶ χάριν αὐτῷ δέδωκας· ἂν περὶ κατανύξεως, ἂν περὶ εὐλαβείας, ἂν περὶ ἐλεημοσύνης διαλεχθῇς, πάντα ταῦτα μαλάττει αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχήν. Ὑπὲρ τούτων πάντων χάριν ὁμολογήσει. Ἂν μέντοι γέλωτα κινήσῃς, ἂν αἰσχρὸν φθέγξῃ, μᾶλλον ἐξῆψας· ἂν ἐπαινέσῃς τὴν πονηρίαν, κατέβαλες καὶ ἀπώλεσας. Τοῦτο οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν· ἢ ἵνα κεχαριτωμένους αὐτοὺς ἐργάσηται, οὕτως εἶπε. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὸ μύρον χάριν δίδωσι τοῖς μεταλαμβάνουσιν, οὕτω καὶ λόγος ἀγαθός· διὰ τοῦτο καί τις ἔλεγε, Μύρον ἐκκενωθὲν ὄνομά σου· ἀποπνεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐποίει ἀπὸ τῆς εὐωδίας ἐκείνης. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι, ὅπερ ἀεὶ παραινεῖ, τοῦτο καὶ νῦν λέγει, ἑκάστῳ οἰκοδομεῖν τὸν πλησίον ἐπιτρέπων κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ; Ὁ ἑτέροις οὖν τοιαῦτα παραινῶν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον σαυτῷ. Καὶ μὴ λυπεῖτε, φησὶ, τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Φρικωδέστε 62.104 ρον καὶ φοβερώτερον τοῦτο, ὅπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Θεσσαλονικέας Ἐπιστολῇ φησι· καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τοιοῦτόν τι λέγει· Ὁ γὰρ ἀθετῶν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀθετεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν Θεόν. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Ἂν εἴπῃς ὑβριστικὸν ῥῆμα, ἂν πλήξῃς τὸν ἀδελφὸν, οὐκ ἐκεῖνον ἔπληξας, ἀλλὰ τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐλύπησας. Εἶτα καὶ ἡ προσθήκη τῆς εὐεργεσίας, ἵνα μείζων γένηται ἡ κατηγορία. Καὶ μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, φησὶν, ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως. Τοῦτο ἡμᾶς ἔδειξεν ἀγέλην βασιλικὴν, τοῦτο ἡμᾶς πάντων τῶν πρώτων ἀπέστησε, τοῦτο οὐκ ἀφῆκε κεῖσθαι μετὰ τῶν ὑπευθύνων τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ σὺ αὐτὸ λυπεῖς; Ὅρα πῶς ἐκεῖ μὲν φοβερῶς, Ὁ γὰρ ἀθετῶν, φησὶν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀθετεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν Θεόν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἐντρεπτικῶς, Μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, φησὶν, ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε. Ἡ σφραγὶς αὕτη ἐπὶ τοῦ στόματος κείσθω· μὴ ἀνέλῃς τὰ σήμαντρα. Στόμα πνευματικὸν οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον φθέγγεται. Μὴ εἴπῃς, Οὐδέν ἐστιν, ἂν αἰσχρὸν εἴπω, ἂν τὸν δεῖνα ὑβρίσω. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο μέγα ἐστὶ κακὸν, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν εἶναι δοκεῖ. Τὰ γὰρ μηδὲν εἶναι δοκοῦντα, εὐκόλως καὶ καταφρονεῖται, τὰ δὲ καταφρονούμενα καὶ αὔξεται, τὰ δὲ αὐξόμενα καὶ ἀνίατα γίνεται. Στόμα ἔχεις πνευματικόν; Ἐννόησον τί ἐφθέγξω εὐθέως ῥῆμα τεχθεὶς, ποία ἀξία τοῦ στόματός σου. Πατέρα καλεῖς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν εὐθέως ὑβρίζεις; Ἐννόησον πόθεν Πατέρα καλεῖς τὸν Θεόν. Ἀπὸ φύσεως; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοις. Ἀπὸ ἀρετῆς; ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῦτο. Ἀλλὰ πόθεν; Ἀπὸφιλανθρωπίας μόνης, ἀπὸ εὐσπλαγχνίας, ἀπὸ ἐλέου πολλοῦ. Ὅταν οὖν Πατέρα καλῇς τὸν Θεὸν, μὴ τοῦτο μόνον ἐννόει, ὅτι ἀνάξια τῆς εὐγενείας ἐκείνης πράττεις ὑβρίζων, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ἀπὸ φιλανθρωπίας ἔχεις τὴν εὐγένειαν. Μὴ τοίνυν αὐτὴν καταισχύνῃς, ἀπὸ μὲν φιλανθρωπίας λαβὼν, ὠμότητι δὲ κεχρημένος πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς. Πατέρα καλεῖς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ὑβρίζεις; Ἀλλ' οὐ ταῦτα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ.