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HOMILY XV. Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and evil speaking, be put away from

you with all malice. 1. Just as bees would never settle themselves in an unclean vessel; for this reason, those skilled in these matters sprinkle the place with incense and perfumes and fragrances, and the baskets with fragrant wines and all other things, in which the swarms, having just come forth, are about to settle, so that the unpleasant odor might not grieve them and cause them to depart again; so it is also with the Holy Spirit. Our soul is a kind of vessel and a small basket, able to receive the swarms of spiritual gifts; but if there is gall and bitterness and wrath within, the swarms fly away. For this reason, this blessed and wise husbandman thoroughly cleanses our vessels, not holding a sickle or any other iron tool; and he calls us to this spiritual swarm, and gathering it, he cleanses it with prayers and labors and all other things. See, then, how he cleanses our heart; he drove out falsehood, he drove out anger. Again he shows how the evil might be more completely uprooted; if we are not, he says, bitter in mind. For just as it is accustomed to happen with our gall, if there happens to be a small amount, the movement is also small when its receptacle bursts; but when the vehemence and causticity of such a quality increases, the vessel which previously held it can no longer contain it, but as if corroded by a fierce 62.106 fire, it is no longer able to contain it and keep it within its prescribed limits, but being torn apart by the excessive acrimony, it allows it to go forth and corrupt the whole body; and just as a most fierce and unbearable wild beast brought into a city, as long as it is held within its prepared cages, even if it grows wild, even if it cries out, it will be able to harm no one; but when it is overcome by wrath, and breaking the bars set in its way, is able to leap out, it fills the city with all manner of tumult and confusion, and drives everyone away; so also is the nature of gall; as long as it is kept within its proper limits, it works no great evil in us; but when the membrane containing it has burst, and there is nothing left to prevent it from being diffused throughout the whole nature, then indeed, then, although so very small in quantity, because of the surpassing power in its quality, it stains all the other elements with its own malice. For then, finding blood near in both place and quality, and making the heat in it more acrid, and everything that is near it, transgressing the limits of its proper moisture and producing bile, with this it then attacks the other members also, and so instilling all things with its own wickedness, it makes the man speechless, and causes him to expire, driving out the soul. Why have all these things been said by us so 62.107 precisely? That from sensible bitterness, perceiving the unbearable evil of spiritual bitterness, and how it first corrupts the entire soul that produces it, turning everything upside down, we may flee the experience of it. For just as this one corrupts the whole element, so that one, having set our thoughts on fire, leads the one captured into the abyss of Gehenna. In order that, therefore, carefully examining these things, we may flee this evil, and bridle the beast, or rather uproot it, let us obey Paul who says: Let all bitterness, not be taken down, but be put away from you. For what need have I of troubles and of keeping it? Why must one guard a beast, when it is possible to banish it from the soul and remove it, and to lead it away into some exile? Let us obey Paul, therefore, who says: Let all bitterness be put away from you. But alas for the perversion that possesses us; when we ought to do everything for this purpose, some are so truly foolish, that they even count themselves blessed in this, and take pride in this evil,

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ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΕʹ. Πᾶσα πικρία καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ, καὶ κραυγὴ, καὶ βλασφημία ἀρθήτω ἀφ'

ὑμῶν σὺν πάσῃ κακίᾳ. αʹ. Ὥσπερ εἰς σκεῦος ἀκάθαρτον οὐκ ἄν ποτε ἑαυτὰς καθεῖεν αἱ μέλισσαι· διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ θυμιάμασι καὶ μύροις καὶ εὐωδίαις τὸν τόπον καταῤῥαίνουσιν οἱ περὶ ταῦτα δεινοὶ, οἴνοις τε εὐώδεσι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι τοὺς καλαθίσκους, ἐν οἷς ἂν μέλλουσιν ἄρτι τῶν σμηνῶν ἐξιοῦσαι ἐνιζάνειν, ὥστε μὴ τὴν ἀηδῆ ὀσμὴν λυπήσασαν αὐτὰς ἀποστῆσαι πάλιν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πνεύματός ἐστι τοῦ ἁγίου. Ἀγγεῖόν τί ἐστιν ἡ ἡμετέρα ψυχὴ καὶ καλαθίσκος, τὰ σμήνη τῶν χαρισμάτων τῶν πνευματικῶν ὑποδέξασθαι δυναμένη· ἀλλ' ἐὰν ᾖ ἔνδον χολὴ καὶ πικρία καὶ θυμὸς, τὰ σμήνη ἀφίπταται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁ μακάριος οὗτος καὶ σοφὸς γεωργὸς διακαθαίρει καλῶς ἡμῶν τὰ σκεύη, οὐ δρέπανον, οὐδέ τι ἄλλο σκεῦος σιδηροῦν κατέχων· καὶ καλεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸ πνευματικὸν τοῦτο σμῆνος, καὶ συνάγων αὐτὸ διακαθαίρει εὐχαῖς καὶ πόνοις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν. Ὅρα οὖν πῶς ἡμῶν ἐκκαθαίρει τὴν καρδίαν· ἀπήλασε τὸ ψεῦδος, ἀπήλασε τὴν ὀργήν. ∆είκνυσι πάλιν πῶς ἂν μᾶλλον πρόῤῥιζον ἀνασπασθείη τὸ κακόν· ἂν μὴ ὦμεν, φησὶ, πικροὶ τὴν διάνοιαν. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς χολῆς συμβαίνειν εἴωθε τῆς ἡμετέρας, ἂν μὲν ὀλίγη τύχῃ τις οὖσα, ὀλίγη καὶ ἡ κίνησις γίνεται ἐκραγέντος τοῦ ταμιείου· ὅταν δὲ πλεονάσῃ τὸ σφοδρὸν τῆς τοιαύτης ποιότητος καὶ δηκτικὸν, οὐκέτι στέγει τὸ φέρον αὐτὴν πρότερον ἀγγεῖον, ἀλλὰ καθάπερ πυ 62.106 ρὸς σφοδροῦ διαβρωθὲν οὐκέτι οἷόν τέ ἐστι στέγειν αὐτὴν καὶ κατέχειν ἐν τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ὅροις, ἀλλὰ διασπασθὲν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀμέτρου δριμύτητος ἀφίησιν ἐξελθοῦσαν παντὶ τῷ σώματι λυμαίνεσθαι· καὶ καθάπερ εἰς πόλιν ἐνεχθὲν θηρίον χαλεπώτατον καὶ ἀφόρητον, ἕως μὲν ἂν ἔνδον ἐν ταῖς πεποιημέναις εἱρκταῖς κατέχηται, οὐδὲν, κἂν ἀγριαίνῃ, κἂν κράζῃ, οὐδένα βλάψαι δυνήσεται· ὅταν δὲ τῷ θυμῷ κρατηθῇ, καὶ διακλάσας τοὺς διὰ μέσου βεβλημένους κανόνας ἐκπηδῆσαι δυνηθῇ, παντὸς θορύβου τὴν πόλιν ἐμπίπλησι καὶ ταραχῆς, καὶ πάντας ἀπελαύνει· οὕτω δὴ καὶ τῆς χολῆς ἡ φύσις· ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις ὅροις κατέχηται, οὐδὲν μέγα ἡμᾶς ἐργάζεται κακόν· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἐκραγέντος τοῦ περιέχοντος αὐτὴν ὑμένος, οὐδὲν ᾖ τὸ κωλύον λοιπὸν εἰς πᾶσαν διαχυθῆναι τὴν φύσιν, τότε δὴ, τότε, καίτοι οὕτω σφόδρα μικρὸν ὂν τῇ ποσότητι, διὰ τὴν ὑπερβάλλουσαν ἐν τῇ ποιότητι δύναμιν πάντα τὰ ἄλλα στοιχεῖα τῆς οἰκείας ἀναχρώννυσι κακίας. Τότε γὰρ δὴ αἷμα εὑροῦσα πλησίον τῷ τε τόπῳ καὶ τῇ ποιότητι, καὶ τὴν ἐν ἐκείνῳ θερμότητα δριμυτέραν ἐργαζομένη, καὶ τὸ ἐγγύθεν πᾶν ὅπερ ἐστὶν, ἀπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὴν ὑγρότητα συμμετρίας ὑπερβαῖνον τοὺς ὅρους καὶ χολὰς ἐργαζόμενον, μετὰ τούτου λοιπὸν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιστρατεύεται μέλεσι, καὶ οὕτω πάντα εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ἐνθεῖσα πονηρίαν, ἄφωνον ἐργάζεται τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἀποπνεῖν ποιεῖ, τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπελαύνουσα. Τί δὴ ταῦτα ἡμῖν ἅπαντα οὕτω. 62.107 μετὰ ἀκριβείας εἴρηται; Ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς πικρίας τῆς αἰσθητῆς, τῆς πικρίας τῆς νοητῆς τὴν ἀφόρητον αἰσθόμενοι κακίαν, καὶ ὡς ὁλόκληρον τὴν τίκτουσαν ψυχὴν πρῶτον λυμαίνεται, πάντα ἄνω καὶ κάτω ποιοῦσα, φύγωμεν αὐτῆς τὴν πεῖραν. Καθάπερ γὰρ αὕτη τὸ στοιχεῖον ὅλον, οὕτως ἐκείνη τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἐμπρήσασα, εἰς τὸ τῆς γεέννης ἀπάγει βάραθρον τὸν ἁλόντα. Ἵν' οὖν ταῦτα ἀκριβῶς διερευνώμενοι, τοῦτο φύγωμεν τὸ κακὸν, καὶ χαλινώσωμεν τὸ θηρίον, μᾶλλον δὲ πρόῤῥιζον ἀνασπάσωμεν, τῷ Παύλῳ πειθώμεθα λέγοντι· Πᾶσα πικρία, οὐχὶ καθαιρέσθω, ἀλλὰ ἀρθήτω ἀφ' ὑμῶν. Τί γάρ μοι δεῖ πραγμάτων καὶ κατοχῆς; τί δὲ χρὴ φυλάττειν θηρίον, ἐξὸν ἀποικίσαι τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ μεταστῆσαι, καὶ εἰς ὑπερορίαν τινὰ ἀπαγαγεῖν; Πειθώμεθα τοίνυν τῷ Παύλῳ λέγοντι· Πᾶσα πικρία ἀρθήτω ἀφ' ὑμῶν. Ἀλλ' οἴμοι τῆς κατεχούσης ἡμᾶς διαστροφῆς· δέον ἅπαντα ἐπὶ τούτῳ ποιεῖν, οὕτω τινές εἰσιν ὄντως ἀνόητοι, ὥστε καὶ ἑαυτοὺς ἐν τούτῳ μακαρίζειν, καὶ ἐναβρύνεσθαι τῷ κακῷ,