91

thanksgiving. But if, having experienced good things and prospering and doing well and being in good days, you give thanks, it is nothing great, nothing wonderful; but what is sought is to give thanks while in afflictions, in despondencies. Utter nothing before this saying, "I thank you, Master." And what do I say about the afflictions here? One must thank God for Gehenna itself, for the punishments there, for the chastisements. For the matter has greatly benefited us who pay attention, with the fear of Gehenna placed on our hearts like a bridle. Therefore, let us give thanks not only for the manifest good deeds, but also for the unseen, and for those by which we are benefited unwillingly; for He benefits us in many ways, even when we are unwilling, and when we do not know it. But if you disbelieve, I will now make the matter clear to you. For consider this for me: do not the defiled and unbelieving Greeks ascribe everything to the sun, and to their idols? What then? Does He not do good to them also? Is it not of His providence that they live, and are healthy, and beget children, and all such things? And what of those called Marcionites? And what of the Manicheans? Do they not also blaspheme Him? What then? Does He not do them good each day? But if He does good to those who do not know these things, how much more to us. For what other work of God is there than this, to do good to the race of men, both through punishments and through reliefs? Therefore, let us not only give thanks when we are in prosperity; for that is nothing great. And the devil knows this also; wherefore he also said: Does Job fear God for nothing? Have you not put a hedge about him within and without? Take away all his possessions, and surely he will bless you to your face. But the defiled one gained nothing by it, nor may it be so, nor may he gain anything concerning us. But also when we are in poverty, and when in sickness, and when in insults, then let us intensify our thanksgiving. And I speak of thanksgiving, not with sayings nor with the tongue, but with deeds and works, and with mind and heart. Let us thank Him from all our soul. For He loves us more than those who begat us; and as great as the distance between evil and goodness, so great is the difference of God's love from that of our fathers. 3. And these are not my words, but of Christ Himself who loves us. And hear Him saying: What man is there among you, who, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone? If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask Him? And again hear Him saying elsewhere: Can a woman forget to have compassion on the children of her womb? Even if a woman should forget these, yet I will not forget you, says the Lord. For if He does not love, for what reason did He make us? Did He have a need? Do we fulfill a need and service for Him? Does He require anything from us? Hear the Prophet saying: I said to the Lord, You are my Lord, for you have no need of my goods. But the ungrateful and senseless say, "Is this, 62.131 of the goodness of God, that there be equality among all?" Tell me, ungrateful man, what things do you say are not of God's goodness, and what equality do you speak of? "So-and-so," he says, "has been maimed since childhood, another is mad and possessed by a demon, another, having reached extreme old age, has passed his whole life in poverty, another in most grievous diseases; are these the works of providence?" "One is deaf, another mute, another poor; another, defiled and utterly defiled, and full of countless evils, enjoys wealth, and keeps prostitutes and parasites, and possesses a splendid house, and lives a life of ease." And they string together many such things, weaving a long discourse of accusation against the providence of God. What then? Are things without providence? What then might we say to them? If they were Greeks, and told us that the world is governed by someone, we in turn would say the same things to them: "What then, are things without providence? Then how do you revere gods, and worship demons and heroes? For if there is providence, someone presides over all things." But if there were some who are despairing, whether Christians or even Greeks, and are shaken,

91

εὐχαριστία. Ἂν δὲ εὖ παθὼν καὶ εὐθηνούμενος καὶ εὐπραγῶν καὶ ἐν εὐημερίαις ὢν, εὐχαριστῇς, οὐδὲν μέγα, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν· τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον, ἐν θλίψεσιν ὄντα εὐχαριστεῖν, ἐν ἀθυμίαις. Μηδὲν πρὸ τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου φθέγγου, Εὐχαριστῶ σοι, ∆έσποτα. Καὶ τί λέγω ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐνταῦθα θλίψεων; ὑπὲρ τῆς γεέννης αὐτῆς εὐχαριστεῖν δεῖ τῷ Θεῷ, ὑπὲρ τῶν κολάσεων τῶν ἐκεῖ, ὑπὲρ τῶν τιμωριῶν. Πάνυ γὰρ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἡμᾶς ὠφέλησε τοὺς προσέχοντας, ἀντὶ χαλινοῦ τοῦ τῆς γεέννης φόβου ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐπιτεθέντος. Μὴ τοίνυν ὑπὲρ τῶν φανερῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀφανῶν, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν ἄκοντες εὐεργετούμεθα, εὐχαριστῶμεν· πολλὰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ βουλομένους ἡμᾶς εὐεργετεῖ, καὶ μὴ εἰδότας. Εἰ δὲ ἀπιστεῖτε, ἤδη ὑμῖν τὸ πρᾶγμα ποιήσω φανερόν. Ἐννόησον γάρ μοι· οἱ μιαροὶ καὶ ἄπιστοι Ἕλληνες οὐχὶ τῷ ἡλίῳ τὸ πᾶν ἐπιγράφουσι, καὶ τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν; Τί οὖν; οὐχὶ εὐεργετεῖ καὶ αὐτούς; οὐχὶ τῆς ἐκείνου προνοίας ἐστὶ, καὶ τὸ ζῇν, καὶ τὸ ὑγιαίνειν αὐτοὺς, καὶ παιδοποιεῖν, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα; Τί δὲ οἱ Μαρκιωνισταὶ λεγόμενοι; τί δὲ οἱ Μανιχαῖοι; οὐχὶ καὶ βλασφημοῦσιν αὐτόν; Τί οὖν; οὐχὶ εὐεργετεῖ αὐτοὺς καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν; Εἰ δὲ ἐκείνους τοὺς ταῦτα οὐκ εἰδότας εὐεργετεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς. Τί γὰρ ἄλλο ἔργον Θεοῦ ἢ τοῦτο, τὸ εὐεργετεῖν τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, καὶ διὰ κολάσεων καὶ δι' ἀνέσεων; Μὴ μόνον τοίνυν ἐν εὐπραγίαις ὄντες εὐχαριστῶμεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ μέγα. Καὶ τοῦτο οἶδε καὶ ὁ διάβολος· διὸ καὶ ἔλεγε· Μὴ δωρεὰν σέβεται Ἰὼβ τὸν Θεόν; οὐχὶ σὺ περιέφραξας τὰ ἔσω αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ ἔξω; Περίελε πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ, ἦ μὴν εἰς πρόσωπόν σε εὐλογήσει. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν αὐτῷ πλεῖον ἐγένετο τῷ μιαρῷ, μηδὲ γένοιτο, μηδὲ περὶ ἡμῶν γενέσθαι τι πλέον αὐτῷ. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅταν ἐν πενίᾳ ὦμεν, καὶ ὅταν ἐν νόσοις, καὶ ὅταν ἐν ἐπηρείαις, τότε ἐπιτείνωμεν τὴν εὐχαριστίαν. Εὐχαριστίαν δὲ λέγω, μὴ ῥήμασι μηδὲ γλώσσῃ, ἀλλὰ πράγμασι καὶ ἔργοις, καὶ διανοίᾳ καὶ καρδίᾳ. Ἐκ πάσης ψυχῆς εὐχαριστῶμεν αὐτῷ. Μᾶλλον γὰρ τῶν γεννησαμένων ἡμᾶς φιλεῖ· καὶ ὅσον πονηρίας καὶ ἀγαθότητος τὸ μέσον, τοσοῦτον ἡ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων πατέρων διαφοράν. γʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐμά ἐστι τὰ ῥήματα, ἀλλ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ φιλοῦντος ἡμᾶς Χριστοῦ. Καὶ ἄκουε αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὃς, ἐὰν αἰτήσῃ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; Εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες, οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν; Καὶ πάλιν ἄκουε καὶ ἑτέρωθι λέγοντος· Μὴ ἐπιλήσεται γυνὴ τοῦ ἐλεῆσαι τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας αὑτῆς; Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπιλάθοιτο ταῦτα γυνὴ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἐπιλήσομαί σου, λέγει Κύριος. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ φιλεῖ, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἡμᾶς ἐποίησε; μὴ γὰρ ἀνάγκην εἶχε; μὴ γὰρ χρείαν αὐτῷ καὶ διακονίαν πληροῦμεν; μὴ γὰρ δεῖταί τινος τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν; Ἄκουε τοῦ Προφήτου λέγοντος· Εἶπα τῷ Κυρίῳ· Κύριός μου εἶ σὺ, ὅτι τῶν ἀγαθῶν μου οὐ χρείαν ἔχεις. Ἀλλ' οἱ ἀγνώμονες καὶ ἀναίσθητοι, Τοῦτο, 62.131 φασὶν, ἀγαθότητος Θεοῦ, τὸ ἰσοτιμίαν εἶναι παρὰ πᾶσιν; Εἰπέ μοι, ἀγνῶμον ἄνθρωπε, ποῖα λέγεις μὴ εἶναι ἀγαθότητος Θεοῦ, καὶ τίνα λέγεις ἰσοτιμίαν; Ὁ δεῖνα, φησὶ, πεπήρωται ἐκ παίδων, ἕτερος μαίνεται καὶ δαιμονᾷ, ἄλλος εἰς ἔσχατον γῆρας ἐλάσας ἐν πενίᾳ τὸν ἅπαντα βίον διήγαγεν, ἄλλος ἐν νόσοις χαλεπωτάταις· ταῦτα προνοίας ἐστὶν ἔργα; Ὁ μέν ἐστι κωφὸς, ὁ δὲ ἄλαλος, ὁ δὲ πένης, ἕτερος μιαρὸς καὶ παμμίαρος, καὶ μυρίων γέμων κακῶν, χρημάτων ἀπολαύει, καὶ πόρνας τρέφει καὶ παρασίτους, καὶ λαμπρὰν οἰκίαν κέκτηται, καὶ βίον ἀπράγμονα ζῇ. Καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα συνείρουσι, μακρὸν ὑφαίνοντες κατηγορίας λόγον κατὰ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ προνοίας. Τί οὖν; ἀπρονόητά ἐστι; τί οὖν ἂν εἴποιμεν πρὸς αὐτούς; Εἰ μὲν Ἕλληνες εἶεν, καὶ λέγοιεν ἡμῖν ὑπό τινος τὸν κόσμον διοικεῖσθαι, πάλιν καὶ ἡμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ ἐροῦμεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Τί οὖν, ἀπρονόητά ἐστιν; οὐκοῦν πῶς ὑμεῖς σέβεσθε θεοὺς, καὶ προσκυνεῖτε δαίμονας καὶ ἥρωας; εἰ γὰρ πρόνοιά ἐστιν, ἐφέστηκέ τις τοῖς πᾶσιν. Εἰ δέ τινες εἶεν ἀποδυσπετοῦντες, ἢ Χριστιανοὶ ἢ καὶ Ἕλληνες, καὶ παρασαλευόμενοι,