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a man is placed in the order of the head, and the woman in the order of the body. Then, showing also from reasoning, “For the husband is the head of the wife,” he says, “as Christ is the head of the church, and he is the Savior of the body.” But as the church is subject to Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in everything. Then, having said, “The husband is the head of the wife, as Christ is of the church, and he is the Savior,” he adds, “of the body;” for the head is the salvation of the body. He has already laid down for the husband and the wife the basis and the providence of love, assigning to each their proper place, to him the ruling and providing one, to her the submissive one. 2. As, therefore, the church is subject to Christ, that is, men and women; so you wives, be subject to your husbands as to God. Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church. You have heard the extent of subjection; you have praised and admired Paul for arranging our life, as a wonderful and spiritual man; well done. But hear what he also requires of you; for again he uses the same example: “Husbands,” 62.137 he says, “love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church.” You have seen the measure of obedience? Hear also the measure of love. Do you want your wife to obey you, as the church obeys Christ? Take care of her yourself, as Christ does for the church; and if you must give your life for her, or be cut to pieces ten thousand times, or endure and suffer anything whatsoever, do not refuse. And if you suffer these things, you have not yet done anything like what Christ did. For you do these things for one already joined to you, but he did them for one who turned away from him and hated him. Just as he, therefore, by his great care, brought to his feet the one who turned away from him and hated and spurned and disdained him—not by threats, nor by insults, nor by fear, nor by anything else of that sort—so also you should behave toward your wife. Even if you see her being disdainful, or arrogant, or contemptuous, you will be able to bring her to your feet by your great care for her, by your love, by your friendship. For none of these bonds are more tyrannical, and especially for a husband and a wife. For one might be able to bind a servant with fear—or rather, not even him; for he will quickly jump away and be gone. But the partner of one's life, the mother of one's children, the foundation of all joy, must be bound not by fear and threats, but by love and affection. For what kind of union is it when the wife trembles before the husband? What pleasure will the husband himself enjoy, if he lives with his wife as with a slave, and not as with a free woman? And if you suffer anything for her, do not reproach her; for neither did Christ do this. “And gave himself up for her,” he says, “that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her.” So she was unclean, so she had a blemish, so she was unshapely, so she was of no account. Whatever kind of wife you take, you will not take such a bride as Christ took the church, nor one so far removed from you as the church was from Christ. But nevertheless he did not abhor her, nor did he hate her for her extreme deformity. Do you want to hear of her deformity? Hear Paul saying: “For you were once darkness.” Do you see her blackness? What is blacker than darkness? But see also her boldness: “Living in malice and envy,” he says. See also her uncleanness: “Disobedient, foolish.” And what shall I say? She was also foolish, and a blasphemer; but nevertheless, though she was all these things, as for a beautiful, as for a beloved, as for a wonderful one, so he gave himself up for the deformed one. And marveling at this, Paul said: “For one will scarcely die for a righteous person”; and again, “If while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” And having taken such a one, he beautifies her and washes her, and does not refuse this. “That he might sanctify her,” he says, “having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word.” “That he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, but that she might be holy and without blemish.” With the washing he washes away her uncleanness. “With the word,” he says. With what word? “In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the

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ἄνδρα ἐν τάξει κεῖσθαι κεφαλῆς, τὴν δὲ γυναῖκα ἐν τάξει σώματος. Εἶτα καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν δεικνὺς, Ὅτι ὁ ἀνὴρ κεφαλή ἐστι τῆς γυναικὸς, φησὶ, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, καὶ αὐτός ἐστι σωτὴρ τοῦ σώματος. Ἀλλ' ὡς ἡ Ἐκκλησία ὑποτάσσεται τῷ Χριστῷ, οὕτω καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν ἐν παντί. Εἶτα, Ὁ ἀνήρ ἐστιν, εἰπὼν, κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς, ὡς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, καὶ αὐτός ἐστι σωτὴρ, ἐπάγει, τοῦ σώματος· καὶ γὰρ ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ σώματος σωτηρία ἐστίν. Ἤδη προκατεβάλετο τῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ τῆς ἀγάπης τὴν ὑπόθεσιν καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν, ἑκάστῳ τὴν προσήκουσαν ἀπονέμων χώραν, τούτῳ μὲν τὴν ἀρχικὴν καὶ προνοητικὴν, ἐκείνῃ δὲ τὴν ὑποτακτικήν. βʹ. Ὡς οὖν ἡ Ἐκκλησία ὑποτάσσεται τῷ Χριστῷ, τουτέστιν, ἄνδρες καὶ γυναῖκες· οὕτω καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες, τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὡς τῷ Θεῷ ὑποτάσσεσθε. Οἱ ἄνδρες, ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας ἑαυτῶν, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησε τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν. Ἤκουσας τῆς ὑποταγῆς τὴν ὑπερβολήν· ἐπῄνεσας καὶ ἐθαύμασας τὸν Παῦλον, ἅτε συγκροτοῦντα τὸν βίον ἡμῶν, ὡς θαυμαστόν τινα καὶ πνευματικὸν ἄνδρα· καλῶς. Ἀλλ' ἄκουσον, ἃ καὶ παρὰ σοῦ ἀπαιτεῖ· πάλιν γὰρ τῷ αὐτῷ κέχρηται ὑποδείγματι· Οἱ ἄνδρες, 62.137 ἀγαπᾶτε, φησὶ, τὰς γυναῖκας ἑαυτῶν, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησε τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν. Εἶδες μέτρον ὑπακοῆς; Ἄκουσον καὶ μέτρον ἀγάπης. Βούλει σοι τὴν γυναῖκα ὑπακούειν, ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν; Προνόει καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτῆς, ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας· κἂν τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς δοῦναι δεῖ, κἂν κατακοπῆναι μυριάκις, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ὑπομεῖναι καὶ παθεῖν, μὴ παραιτήσῃ· κἂν ταῦτα πάθῃς, οὐδὲν οὐδέπω πεποίηκας, οἷον ὁ Χριστός. Σὺ μὲν γὰρ ἤδη συναφθεὶς ταῦτα ποιεῖς, ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὑπὲρ ἀποστρεφομένης αὐτὸν καὶ μισούσης. Ὥσπερ οὖν αὐτὸς τὴν ἀποστρεφομένην αὐτὸν καὶ μισοῦσαν καὶ διαπτύουσαν καὶ θρυπτομένην περὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ τῇ πολλῇ ἤγαγε κηδεμονίᾳ, οὐκ ἀπειλαῖς, οὐδὲ ὕβρεσιν, οὐδὲ φόβῳ, οὐδὲ ἑτέρῳ τινὶ τοιούτῳ· οὕτω καὶ σὺ πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα ἔχε τὴν σήν· κἂν ὑπερορῶσαν, κἂν θρυπτομένην, καταφρονοῦσαν ἴδης, δυνήσῃ αὐτὴν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ἀγαγεῖν τοὺς σοὺς τῇ πολλῇ περὶ αὐτὴν προνοίᾳ, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ φιλίᾳ. Οὐδὲν γὰρ τούτων τυραννικώτερον τῶν δεσμῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικί. Οἰκέτην μὲν γὰρ φόβῳ τις ἂν καταδῆσαι δυνήσεται, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνον· ταχέως γὰρ ἀποπηδήσας οἰχήσεται· τὴν δὲ τοῦ βίου κοινωνὸν, τὴν παίδων μητέρα, τὴν πάσης εὐφροσύνης ὑπόθεσιν, οὐ φόβῳ καὶ ἀπειλαῖς δεῖ καταδεσμεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀγάπῃ καὶ διαθέσει. Ποία γὰρ συζυγία, ὅταν ἡ γυνὴ τὸν ἄνδρα τρέμῃ; ποίας δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπολαύσεται ἡδονῆς, ὡς δούλῃ συνοικῶν τῇ γυναικὶ, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἐλευθέρᾳ; Κἂν πάθῃς τι ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς, μὴ ὀνειδίσῃς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦτο ἐποίησε· Καὶ ἑαυτὸν, φησὶ, παρέδωκεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς, ἵνα αὐτὴν καθαρίσας ἁγιάσῃ. Ἄρα ἀκάθαρτος ἦν, ἄρα μῶμον εἶχεν, ἄρα ἄμορφος ἦν, ἄρα εὐτελής. Οἵαν ἂν λάβῃς γυναῖκα, οὐ τοιαύτην λήψῃ νύμφην, οἵαν ὁ Χριστὸς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν, οὐδὲ τοσοῦτόν σου ἀπέχουσαν, ὅσον ἡ Ἐκκλησία τοῦ Χριστοῦ· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐκ ἐβδελύξατο, οὐδὲ ἐμίσησε διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀμορφίας. Βούλει ἀκοῦσαι αὐτῆς τὴν ἀμορφίαν; ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος· Ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος. Εἶδες αὐτῆς τὸ μέλαν; τί σκότους μελανώτερον; ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ τὸ θρασύ· Ἐν κακίᾳ, φησὶ, καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες. Ὅρα καὶ τὸ ἀκάθαρτον· Ἀπειθεῖς, ἀνόητοι. Τί δὲ λέγω; καὶ μωρὰ ἦν, καὶ βλάσφημος· ἀλλ' ὅμως τοσούτων ὄντων, ὡς ὑπὲρ ὡραίας, ὡς ὑπὲρ ἀγαπωμένης, ὡς ὑπὲρ θαυμαστῆς, οὕτως ἑαυτὸν ἐξέδωκεν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀμόρφου. Καὶ τοῦτο θαυμάζων ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγε· Μόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται· καὶ πάλιν, Εἰ ἔτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ἡμῶν ὄντων ὁ Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανε. Καὶ τοιαύτην λαβὼν, καλλωπίζει αὐτὴν καὶ λούει, καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο παραιτεῖται. Ἵνα αὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ, φησὶ, καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι. Ἵνα παραστήσῃ αὐτὴν ἑαυτῷ ἔνδοξον τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν, μὴ ἔχουσαν σπῖλον, ἢ ῥυτίδα, ἤ τι τῶν τοιούτων, ἀλλ' ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος. Τῷ λουτρῷ λούει αὐτῆς τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν. Ἐν ῥήματι, φησί. Ποίῳ; Ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ