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the exhortation, since children are not able to follow a long discourse. For this reason he does not discourse at all about the kingdom; for it is not for that age to hear these things; but what a childish soul most desires to hear, this he says, that he will be long-lived. For if one were to examine why he did not discourse about the kingdom, but set before them the commandment that lies in the Law, we shall say that it was because they are rather childish, and knowing well that, when the husband and wife are so disposed according to the law he has established, it is not much trouble to make the children submit. For when a matter has received a good and strong and orderly beginning and foundation, everything then proceeds by rule and law with great ease. For the more difficult thing is to lay the foundation and to put in the groundwork. Children, obey, he says, your parents in the Lord; that is, according to the Lord. God, he says, so commanded. What then, if they command improper things? For the most part, a father never commands improper things, even if he himself is improper; but nevertheless, he has even so secured the matter by saying, In the Lord; that is, in those things in which you may not offend God; as if he be a Greek, or a heretic, one must no longer obey; for the matter is not in the Lord. But how does he say, Which is the first commandment? For the first is, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not kill. He did not say it was first in order, but in promise. For those then no reward is appointed, since they are ordained concerning evil things and the departure from evil things; but in these, since it is the working of good things, a promise is also appointed. And see how he has laid a wonderful foundation for the way of virtue in honor and reverence for parents; and reasonably 62.150.10 so; Having led them away from wicked deeds, and being about to enter upon good ones, he enjoined this first, I mean honor for parents, since they, after God, have become the cause of our living before all others. So that they might reasonably be the first to enjoy our good things, and then all other men. For if one does not have this, he will never be kind to those outside. Having therefore exhorted the children as he ought, he turns to the fathers, and says; And you fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. He did not say, Love them; for this nature draws from them even unwillingly, and it would have been superfluous to lay down a law concerning such things; but what does he say? Do not provoke your children to anger, as many do, making them disinherited, and disowning them, and oppressing them grievously, not as free men, but as slaves. For this reason he says, Do not provoke your children to anger. Then the chief point of all, he shows how they might obey, by tracing the whole cause to the head and the beginning. And just as he showed that the husband is the cause of the wife's obedience (for which reason he also discourses more to him, exhorting him to draw her by the powerful sway of love), so indeed here again he traces the cause to him, saying; But bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. Do you see that when the spiritual things are present, the carnal will follow? Do you want your son to be obedient? From the beginning bring him up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord; do not think it is superfluous for him to listen to the divine Scriptures; for there he will hear this first: Honor your father and your mother. So that this is done for your sake. Do not say, This is for monks; am I to make him a monk? There is no necessity for him to become a monk. Why do you fear a fear full of much gain? Make him a Christian. For it is especially necessary for those in the world to know the teachings from here, especially for children. For there is much folly at that age; and to the folly is added also what comes from worldly stories, when they learn there about their admired heroes, who are slaves of passions and cowardly towards death; such as Achilles when he repents, when he dies for a concubine, when another gets drunk, and many other such things. Therefore he has need of these remedies. 2. For how is it not absurd to send them to trades and to school, and to do everything for

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τὴν παραίνεσιν, ἅτε οὐ δυναμένων τῶν παίδων μακρῷ παρακολουθῆσαι λόγῳ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ περὶ βασιλείας τι διαλέγεται· οὐ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἡλικίας ἐκείνης ταῦτα ἀκούειν· ἀλλ' ἃ μάλιστα ψυχὴ νηπιώδης ἀκοῦσαι ποθεῖ, ταῦτά φησιν, ὅτι μακροχρόνιος ἔσται. Εἰ γάρ τις ἐξετάζοι, διὰ τί μὴ περὶ βασιλείας διελέχθη, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ κειμένην ἐντολὴν αὐτοῖς ἔθηκεν, ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι ὡς νηπιωδεστέροις οὖσι, καὶ μάλα εἰδὼς ὅτι, τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς οὕτω διακειμένων κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὃν ἔθηκεν, οὐ πολλοῦ καμάτου ἐστὶ τὰ παιδία ὑποτάξαι. Ὅταν γὰρ πρᾶγμα τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν λάβῃ καλὴν καὶ ἰσχυρὰν καὶ κοσμίαν, ὁδῷ πάντα καὶ νόμῳ προβαίνει λοιπὸν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς εὐκολίας. Τὸ γὰρ χαλεπώτερον, τὸ θεμέλιον θέσθαι, καὶ τὴν κρηπῖδα ὑποβαλεῖν. Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε, φησὶ, τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ· τουτέστι, κατὰ Κύριον. Ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶν, οὕτω προσέταξε. Τί οὖν, ἂν ἄτοπα προστάττωσι; Μάλιστα μὲν οὐδέποτε ἐπιτάττει πατὴρ ἄτοπα, κἂν αὐτὸς ἄτοπος ᾖ· πλὴν ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ οὕτως ἠσφαλίσατο, εἰπών· Ἐν Κυρίῳ· τουτέστιν, ἐν οἷς ἂν μὴ προσκρούσῃς Θεῷ· ὡς ἐὰν Ἕλλην ᾖ, ἢ αἱρετικὸς, οὐκέτι πείθεσθαι δεῖ· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐν Κυρίῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα. Πῶς δέ φησιν, Ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐντολὴ πρώτη; πρώτη γάρ ἐστι τὸ, Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, τὸ, Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ τῇ τάξει εἶπεν αὐτὴν πρώτην, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ. Ἐκείναις μὲν οὖν οὐ κεῖται μισθὸς, ἅτε περὶ κακῶν διατεταγμέναις καὶ τῆς τῶν κακῶν ἀναχωρήσεως· ἐν δὲ ταύταις, ἅτε ἀγαθῶν ἐργασίας οὔσης, καὶ ἐπαγγελία κεῖται. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς θαυμαστὴν κρηπῖδα ἔθηκε τῇ τῆς ἀρετῆς ὁδῷ τὴν εἰς τοὺς γονέας τιμὴν καὶ αἰδώ· καὶ εἰκό 62.150.10 τως· Ἀπαγαγὼν τῶν πονηρῶν πράξεων, καὶ μέλλων εἰς τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐμβαίνειν, τοῦτο πρῶτον ἐπέταξε, τὴν εἰς τοὺς γονέας λέγω τιμὴν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πρὸ πάντων τοῦ ζῇν μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν αὐτοὶ γεγόνασιν αἴτιοι. Ὥστε εἰκότως ἂν πρῶτοι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀπολαύσειαν καλῶν, καὶ τότε οἱ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες ἄνθρωποι. Ἂν γὰρ μὴ τοῦτό τις ἔχῃ, οὐδέποτε περὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν ἔσται ἐπιεικής. Παραινέσας τοίνυν ἅπερ ἐχρῆν τοῖς παισὶ, μεταβαίνει ἐπὶ τοὺς πατέρας, καί φησι· Καὶ οἱ πατέρες, μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀγαπᾶτε αὐτά· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἀκόντων αὐτῶν ἡ φύσις ἐπισπᾶται, καὶ περιττὸν ἦν περὶ τῶν τοιούτων νόμον τιθέναι· ἀλλὰ τί φησι; Μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, οἷον οἱ πολλοὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἀποκληρονόμους ἐργαζόμενοι, καὶ ἀποκηρύκτους ποιοῦντες, καὶ φορτικῶς ἐπικείμενοι, οὐχ ὡς ἐλευθέροις, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀνδραπόδοις. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησι· Μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν. Εἶτα τὸ κεφάλαιον πάντων, πῶς ἂν ὑπακούσαιεν δείκνυσιν, εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν αἰτίαν ἅπασαν ἀγαγών. Καὶ καθάπερ ἔδειξε τοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα ὑπακούειν αἴτιον τὸν ἄνδρα γινόμενον (διὸ καὶ τὰ πλείονα αὐτῷ διαλέγεται, τῇ τῆς ἀγάπης τυραννίδι παρακαλῶν αὐτὴν ἐπισπᾶσθαι), οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν εἰς αὐτὸν τὴν αἰτίαν ἀνάγει, λέγων· Ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τῶν πνευματικῶν ὄντων καὶ τὰ σαρκικὰ ἕψεται; Βούλει εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν πειθήνιον; ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτὸν ἔκτρεφε ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου· μὴ νομίσῃς εἶναι περιττὸν τὸ τῶν θείων Γραφῶν αὐτὸν ἐπακούειν· ἐκεῖ γὰρ τοῦτο πρῶτον ἀκούσεται· Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου. Ὥστε ὑπὲρ σοῦ τοῦτο γίνεται. Μὴ εἴπῃς· Τοῦτο μοναζόντων ἐστί· μὴ γὰρ μονάζοντα αὐτὸν ποιῶ; Οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάγκη γενέσθαι αὐτὸν μονάζοντα. Τί δέδοικας δέος πολλοῦ κέρδους ἀνάμεστον; Χριστιανὸν αὐτὸν ποίησον. Μάλιστα γὰρ τοῖς κοσμικοῖς ἀναγκαῖον τὰ ἐντεῦθεν εἰδέναι διδάγματα, μάλιστα τοῖς παισί. Πολλὴ γὰρ ἡ ἄνοια ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ· τῇ δὲ ἀνοίᾳ προσθήκη γίνεται καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἔξωθεν λόγων, ὅταν μάθωσιν ἐκεῖ τοὺς παρ' αὐτοῖς θαυμαζομένους ἥρωας, παθῶν δούλους ὄντας καὶ δειλοὺς πρὸς θάνατον· οἷον ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὅταν μετανοῇ, ὅταν ὑπὲρ παλλακίδος ἀποθνήσκῃ, ὅταν ἕτερος μεθύῃ, καὶ ἕτερα πολλὰ τοιαῦτα. ∆εῖ τοίνυν αὐτῷ τῶν φαρμάκων τούτων. βʹ. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἄτοπον εἰς τέχνας μὲν ἐκπέμπειν καὶ εἰς διδασκαλεῖον, καὶ πάντα πράττειν ὑπὲρ