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I command her to fear her husband, although she is also of equal honor; much more the servant. For the matter is not low birth, but the highest nobility, to know how to be in a lesser position, and to be moderate, and to yield to one's neighbor. And free men used to serve free men with much fear and trembling. In simplicity, he says, of heart. He said it well; since it is possible to serve with fear and 62.156 trembling, but not out of good will, but just as one must. For many escape notice doing many evil things against their own masters. And so he does away with this evil-doing, by saying, In simplicity of your heart, as to the Lord. Not with eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the soul, serving with good will, as to the Lord, and not to men. Do you see how many words he needed, so as to implant this good thing, I mean, "With good will," and "from the soul"? For we see many providing that to their masters, I mean that of fear and of trembling, and for that the master's threat accomplishes much; But show, he says, that you serve as a servant of Christ, not as of a man; make the good deed your own, not of necessity. Just as he persuades and teaches the one suffering evil from another through what follows, to make the good deed his own and of his own choice; neither this one also. For since the one who struck the cheek, did not come to this from the mind of the one who was struck, but from his own wickedness, what does he say? Turn to him the other also, so that you may show that you endured this one also not unwillingly. For the one who is lavish in suffering evil, and what was not his own, he has made his own by being struck on the other cheek as well, not by merely enduring it. For this indeed will perhaps seem to be also of fear; but that, of much philosophy. Therefore you have shown, that this also you have borne for the sake of philosophy. So now also show here, that you bear this slavery willingly, and not as a man-pleaser. Such a one then, is not a servant of Christ; but the servant of Christ is not a man-pleaser. For who, being a servant of God, wishes to please men? And who, pleasing men, can be a servant of God? From the soul, he says, serving with good will. He spoke well thus; for since it is possible to serve both in simplicity, and not deceitfully, yet not with all one's might, but fulfilling only what is owed, for this reason he says, from eagerness, not from necessity, from choice, not from compulsion. If you serve thus, you are not a slave, if it is from choice, if with good will, if from the soul, if for Christ's sake. For this servitude Paul the free man also serves, and he cries out, saying, For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord, and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. 2. See how he takes away from you the lowliness of slavery. For just as one from whom money has been taken, if he should also give other things to the one who took it, is not numbered among those who have been robbed, but is placed among the generous, not among those who have suffered 62.157 evil, but among those who do well, and has rather cast reproach by his giving, than been cast with it by being robbed; so indeed here, by his lavishness he will both appear more magnanimous, and by showing that he did not feel the robbery, he will shame that one. Therefore let us serve our masters for Christ's sake, Knowing, he says, that whatever good thing a man does, this he will receive from the Lord, whether he be a slave, or free. For since it was likely that many of the masters, being unbelievers, would not be ashamed, nor reward their servants for their obedience, see how he comforted them, so that they might not despair of the recompense, but be very confident about the reward. For just as those who receive benefits, when they do not repay their benefactors, make God their debtor; so also the masters, if having received good from you they do not repay you, have repaid you all the more, having made God your debtor. And masters, he says, do the same things to them. —The same things; what things? Serve with good will. But he did not say, serve, although by saying the same things, he indicated this; for the master also serves. Not as men-pleasers, he says, with fear and trembling, that is, toward God, fearing lest for you

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προστάσσω φοβεῖσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα, καίτοι αὕτη καὶ ὁμότιμός ἐστι· πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν οἰκέτην. Οὐ γὰρ δυσγένεια τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἡ πρώτη εὐγένεια, τὸ εἰδέναι ἐλαττοῦσθαι, καὶ μετριάζειν, καὶ εἴκειν τῷ πλησίον. Καὶ ἐλεύθεροι ἐλευθέροις μετὰ πολλοῦ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδούλευον. Ἐν ἁπλότητι, φησὶ, καρδίας. Καλῶς εἶπεν· ἐπειδὴ ἔνι μετὰ φόβου καὶ 62.156 τρόμου δουλεύειν, οὐκ ἐξ εὐνοίας δὲ, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν ἐξῇ. Λανθάνουσι γὰρ πολλοὶ πολλὰ κακουργοῦντες περὶ τοὺς δεσπότας τοὺς αὐτῶν. Καὶ ταύτην γοῦν ἀναιρεῖ τὴν κακουργίαν, λέγων· Ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ. Μὴ κατ' ὀφθαλμοδουλείαν ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, ἀλλ' ὡς δοῦλοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκ ψυχῆς, μετ' εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες, ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις. Ὁρᾷς πόσων ἐδεήθη, ὥστε τοῦτο ἐμφυτεῦσαι τὸ καλὸν, τὸ, Μετ' εὐνοίας, λέγω, καὶ ἐκ ψυχῆς; Ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ πολλοὺς ὁρῶμεν τοῖς δεσπόταις παρέχοντας, τὸ τοῦ φόβου καὶ τὸ τοῦ τρόμου λέγω, καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνο ἡ τοῦ ∆εσπότου ἀπειλὴ πολλὰ ἀνύει· Ἀλλὰ δεῖξον, φησὶν, ὅτι ὡς Χριστοῦ δοῦλος δουλεύεις, οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπου· ποίησον εἶναι σὸν τὸ κατόρθωμα. μὴ τῆς ἀνάγκης. Ὥσπερ τὸν παρ' ἑτέρου κακῶς πάσχοντα πείθει καὶ διδάσκει διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς, αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ κατόρθωμα καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ προαιρέσεως· οὔτε καὶ τοῦτον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ πλήξας τὴν σιαγόνα, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας τῆς τοῦ πληγέντος εἰς τοῦτο ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας κακίας, τί φησι; Στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, ἵνα δείξῃς ὅτι καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἄκων ὑπέστης. Ὁ γὰρ ἐπιδαψιλευσάμενος τῷ παθεῖν κακῶς, καὶ ὅπερ οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῦ, ἐποίησεν ἑαυτοῦ τῷ ῥαπισθῆναι καὶ τὴν ἄλλην σιαγόνα, μὴ τῷ μόνον ἐνεγκεῖν. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἴσως δόξει καὶ φόβου εἶναι· ἐκεῖνο δὲ φιλοσοφίας πολλῆς. Οὐκοῦν ἔδειξας, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο διὰ φιλοσοφίαν ἤνεγκας. Ὥστε καὶ νῦν δεῖξον ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι καὶ ταύτην ἑκοντὶ φέρεις τὴν δουλείαν, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκος. Ὁ ἄρα τοιοῦτος, οὐ δοῦλος τοῦ Χριστοῦ· ὁ δὲ δοῦλος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐκ ἀνθρωπάρεσκος. Τίς γὰρ Θεοῦ δοῦλος ὢν, ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν βούλεται; τίς δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκων, Θεοῦ δύναται εἶναι δοῦλος; Ἐκ ψυχῆς, φησὶ, μετ' εὐνοίαι δουλεύοντες. Καλῶς οὕτως εἶπεν· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔνι καὶ ἐν ἁπλότητι δουλεύειν, καὶ μὴ κακούργως, μὴ μὴν πάσῃ δυνάμει, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὀφειλόμενον μόνον πληροῦν, διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ἀπὸ προθυμίας, μὴ ἀπὸ ἀνάγκης, ἀπὸ προαιρέσεως, μὴ ἀπὸ βίας. Ἂν οὕτω δουλεύσῃς, οὐκ εἶ δοῦλος, ἂν ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ἂν μετ' εὐνοίας, ἂν ἀπὸ ψυχῆς, ἂν διὰ τὸν Χριστόν. Ταύτην γὰρ τὴν δουλείαν καὶ Παῦλος δουλεύει ὁ ἐλεύθερος, καὶ βοᾷ λέγων· Οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς κηρύσσομεν, ἀλλὰ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν Κύριον, ἑαυτοὺς δὲ δούλους ὑμῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦν. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς ἀφαιρεῖταί σου τὴν δυσγένειαν τῆς δουλείας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ χρήματα ἀφῃρημένος, ἂν καὶ ἕτερα προσδῷ τῷ λαβόντι, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἀφῃρημένοις, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς φιλοτίμοις κεῖται, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς παθοῦσι 62.157 κακῶς, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς ποιοῦσι καλῶς, καὶ μᾶλλον ὀνείδει περιέβαλε τῷ χαρίσασθαι, ἢ περιεβλήθη τῷ ἀφαιρεθῆναι· οὕτω δὴ ἐνταῦθα, τῇ δαψιλείᾳ καὶ μεγαλοψυχότερος φανεῖται, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ᾔσθετο τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, ἐντρέψει ἐκεῖνον. Οὐκοῦν διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν δουλεύωμεν τοῖς δεσπόταις, Εἰδότες, φησὶν, ὅτι ὃ ἄν τι ἄνθρωπος ποιήσῃ ἀγαθὸν, τοῦτο κομιεῖται παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, εἴτε δοῦλος, εἴτε ἐλεύθερος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν πολλοὺς τῶν δεσποτῶν ἀπίστους ὄντας μὴ αἰσχύνεσθαι, μηδὲ ἀμείβεσθαι τοὺς οἰκέτας τῆς ὑπακοῆς, ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς παρεμυθήσατο, ὥστε μὴ ὑποπτεύειν τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν, ἀλλὰ σφόδρα θαῤῥεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀμοιβῆς. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ καλῶς πάσχοντες, ὅταν μὴ ἀμείβωνται τοὺς εὐεργέτας, τὸν Θεὸν αὐτοῖς ὀφειλέτην ποιοῦσιν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ οἱ δεσπόται, ἂν παθόντες εὖ παρὰ σοῦ μὴ ἀμείψωνταί σε, μᾶλλον ἠμείψαντο, τὸν Θεὸν ὀφειλέτην σοι καταστήσαντες. Καὶ οἱ κύριοι, φησὶ, τὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς. -Τὰ αὐτά· ποῖα; Μετ' εὐνοίας δουλεύετε. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶπε, δουλεύετε, καίτοι γε εἰπὼν τὰ αὐτὰ, τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε· δουλεύει γὰρ καὶ ὁ δεσπότης. Μὴ ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, φησὶ, μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, τουτέστι, τοῦ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, δεδοικότες μήποτε ὑμῖν