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wiles. For the enemy does not war against us simply, nor openly, but with wiles. What is a wile? To use a wile is to deceive and to take by stratagem, which also happens in arts, and in words, and in deeds, and in wrestling matches, by those who mislead us. For example: He never sets forth sins openly, he does not speak of idolatry, but he frames it in another way using his wiles, that is, making his argument plausible, using pretexts. Now therefore, by this also he has roused the soldiers, and made them to be sober, by persuading and teaching that our battle is against one experienced in warfare, and who wars not simply nor openly, but with much wiliness. And first, he stirs up the disciples by the nature and the multitude. Not wishing to cast down the soldiers standing under him, but to lift up and to arouse, he spoke of the sophistries, and prepared them to be sober. For if, having only related their power, he had stopped his discourse at this point, he would have cast them down; but if 62.159 he also shows before this and after this that it is possible to overcome such a one, he rather lifts them up. For the more clearly the strength of the adversaries is reported by us to our own people, the more earnest it makes our own. Because our struggle, he says, is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world-rulers of the darkness of this age, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places. Having exhorted them from the nature of the battle, he then also rouses them by the prizes which are set before them. For what? Having said that the enemies are fierce, he added, that they also deprive us of great things. What things? The battle is set in the heavenly places; not for money, not for glory, but the contest is for enslavement. So the enmity becomes irreconcilable. The contention and the battle is fiercer when it is for great things. For, "In the heavenly places," is instead of, "for the heavenly things;" not that they may obtain anything by conquering, but that they may deprive us; as if he had said, The treaty lies in something, the "in" is "for," and the "in" is "on account of." See how the power of the enemy arouses us, and makes us sober, to know that the danger is for great things, and the victory is for great things; for he is eager to cast us out of heaven. What principalities and powers and world-rulers of the darkness of this age does he mean? what darkness? of the night? By no means, but of wickedness; For we were, he says, once darkness, so speaking of the wickedness that is in this present life. For it will have no further place, not in heaven, not in the age to come. He calls them world-rulers, not as ruling the world, but as being the cause of evil deeds. For Scripture is accustomed to call wicked actions the world; as when Christ says: You are not of this world, just as I am not of the world. Were they not then of the world? were they not clothed in flesh? were they not of those in the world? And again: The world hates me, but it cannot hate you; again speaking of wicked actions in this way. Or here he calls the wicked people the world; for the demons rule over these rather. Against principalities, against the powers, against the spiritual forces, he says, of wickedness in the heavenly places. He says principalities and powers, just as in the heavenly realms there are thrones, dominions, principalities, powers. For this reason, he says, take up the full armor of God, that you may be able to stand against in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. The evil day, he calls this present life, and also this evil age, from the evils that happen in it. That is, Be always armed. And having done all things, he says; that is, both passions and unbecoming desires and all things that trouble us. He did not say simply to work, but to accomplish, so as not only to destroy, but also to stand after destroying. For many who have won this victory have fallen again. All things, he says, having accomplished, not yes for one, and no for another; for even after the victory there is need of standing firm. It was once cast down, but the things cast down live again; if we do not stand,

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μεθοδείας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ φανερῶς ἡμῖν ὁ ἐχθρὸς πολεμεῖ, ἀλλὰ μεθοδείᾳ. Τί ἐστι μεθοδεία; Μεθοδεῦσαί ἐστι τὸ ἀπατῆσαι, καὶ διὰ μηχανῆς ἑλεῖν, ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τεχνῶν γίνεται, καὶ ἐν λόγοις, καὶ ἐν ἔργοις, καὶ ἐν παλαίσμασιν, ἐπὶ τῶν παραγόντων ἡμᾶς. Οἷόν τι λέγω· Οὐδέποτε φανερὰ προτίθησι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, εἰδωλολατρείαν οὐ λέγει, ἀλλ' ἑτέρως αὐτὸ κατασκευάζει μεθοδεύων, τουτέστι, πιθανὸν κατασκευάζων τὸν λόγον, ἐπικαλύμμασι κεχρημένος. Ἤδη μὲν οὖν καὶ τούτῳ διήγειρε τοὺς στρατιώτας, καὶ νήφειν ἐποίησε, τῷ πεῖσαι καὶ διδάξαι, ὅτι πρὸς ἔμπειρον τῶν πολεμικῶν ἡμῖν ἡ μάχη, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ φανερῶς πολεμοῦντα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς μεθοδείας. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως καὶ τοῦ πλήθους τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐπαίρει. Οὐχὶ καταβαλεῖν βουλόμενος τοὺς ὑπ' αὐτὸν ἑστῶτας στρατιώτας, ἀλλ' ἐπᾶραι καὶ διεγεῖραι, εἶπε τὰ σοφίσματα, καὶ παρεσκεύασε νήφειν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μόνον διηγησάμενος αὐτῶν τὴν δύναμιν μέχρι τούτου τὸν λόγον ἔστησε, κἂν κατέβαλεν αὐτούς· εἰ 62.159 δὲ καὶ πρὸ τούτου καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο δείκνυσι δυνατὸν εἶναι τὸν τοιοῦτον ἑλεῖν, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς ἐπαίρει. Ἡ γὰρ τῶν ἐναντίων ἰσχὺς ὅσῳ ἂν σαφέστερον παρ' ἡμῶν ἀπαγγέλληται πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους, τοσούτῳ σπουδαιοτέρους ποιεῖ τοὺς ἡμετέρους. Ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀρχὰς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας, πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. Προτρέψας ἀπὸ τοῦ εἴδους τῆς μάχης, λοιπὸν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπάθλων τῶν κειμένων αὐτοὺς διεγείρει. Τί γάρ; Εἰπὼν ὅτι σφοδροὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ, ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι καὶ μεγάλα ἡμᾶς ἀποστεροῦσι. Ποῖα; Ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ἡ μάχη κεῖται· οὐ περὶ χρημάτων, οὐ περὶ δόξης, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ ὁ ἀγών. Ὥστε ἀκατάλλακτος ἡ ἔχθρα γίνεται. Σφοδροτέρα ἡ φιλονεικία καὶ ἡ μάχη, ὅταν ὑπὲρ μεγάλων ᾖ. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις, ἀντὶ τοῦ, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπουρανίων, ἐστίν· οὐχ ἵνα αὐτοί τινος τύχωσι νικήσαντες, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἡμᾶς ἀποστερήσωσιν· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν, Ἡ συνθήκη ἔν τινι κεῖται, τὸ ἐν, ὑπέρ ἐστι, καὶ τὸ ἐν, διά ἐστιν. Ὅρα πῶς ἡμᾶς διεγείρει ἡ δύναμις τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, καὶ νήφειν ποιεῖ, τὸ εἰδέναι ὑπὲρ μεγάλων ὄντα τὸν κίνδυνον, καὶ ὑπὲρ μεγάλων τὴν νίκην· τοῦ γὰρ οὐρανοῦ ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλειν σπουδάζει. Ἀρχὰς τίνας φησὶ καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου; ποίου σκότους; ἆρα τῆς νυκτός; Οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλὰ τῆς πονηρίας· Ἦμεν γὰρ, φησὶ, σκότος ποτὲ, οὕτω τὴν πονηρίαν λέγων τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ. Οὐ γὰρ ἕξει περαιτέρω χώραν, οὐκ ἐν οὐρανῷ, οὐκ ἐν τῷ μετὰ ταῦτα αἰῶνι. Κοσμοκράτορας δὲ αὐτούς φησιν, οὐχ ὡς τοῦ κόσμου κρατοῦντας, ἀλλ' ὡς τῶν πονηρῶν ἔργων ὄντας αἰτίους. Οἶδε γὰρ κόσμον καλεῖν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰς πονηρὰς πράξεις· ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ ὁ Χριστός· Ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου. Ἆρα οὖν οὐκ ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου; οὐχὶ σάρκα περιέκειντο; οὐ τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ ἦσαν; Καὶ πάλιν· Ὁ κόσμος ἐμὲ μισεῖ, ὑμᾶς δὲ οὐ δύναται μισεῖν· πάλιν τὰς πονηρὰς πράξεις λέγων οὕτως. Ἢ κόσμον ἐνταῦθα τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀνθρώπους λέγει· οἱ γὰρ δαίμονες μᾶλλον τούτων κρατοῦσι. Πρὸς ἀρχὰς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας, πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ, φησὶ, τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. Ἀρχὰς καὶ ἐξουσίας φησὶ, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπουρανίων εἰσὶ θρόνοι, κυριότητες, ἀρχαὶ, ἐξουσίαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο, φησὶν, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ, καὶ ἅπαντα κατεργασάμενοι στῆναι. Ἡμέραν πονηρὰν, τὸν παρόντα βίον, καὶ αἰῶνα δὲ πονηρὸν τοῦτον καλεῖ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ γινομένων κακῶν. Τουτέστιν, Ἀεὶ ὁπλίζεσθε. Καὶ ἅπαντα, φησὶ, κατεργασάμενοι· τουτέστι, καὶ πάθη καὶ ἐπιθυμίας ἀτόπους καὶ τὰ ἐνοχλοῦντα ἡμῖν ἅπαντα. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐργάσασθαι εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ κατεργάσασθαι, ὥστε οὐκ ἀνελεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ στῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἀνελεῖν. Πολλοὶ γὰρ τὴν νίκην ταύτην νικήσαντες, πάλιν ἔπεσον. Πάντα, φησὶ, κατεργασάμενοι, οὐ τὸ μὲν ναὶ, τὸ δὲ οὔ· δεῖ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τὴν νίκην στάσεως. Ἐβλήθη ποτὲ, ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀναζῇ τὰ βαλλόμενα· ἂν μὴ στῶμεν,