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to be. For this reason, we also reason from this about the unbelievers. For if He did not rise, but remains dead, how did the apostles perform signs in His name? But did they not perform signs? How then was our nation established? For surely they will not stand against this, nor will they fight against the things that are seen. So that when they say that signs did not happen, they disgrace themselves more. For this is the greatest sign, that without signs the whole world ran to it, having been caught by twelve poor and unlettered men. For not by wealth of money, nor by wisdom of words, nor by any other such thing did the fishermen prevail; so that even unwillingly they will confess that a divine power was in them, for it is impossible for human strength ever to have been able to do so much. For this very reason He also remained for forty days after the resurrection, giving proof in the long time of His own appearance, so that they might not think what was seen to be a phantom. And He was not content with this, but also provided a table. Which, then, he also says as he proceeds: And eating with them. And the apostles themselves always made this a proof of the resurrection, saying: We who ate and drank with Him. And what He was doing while appearing, he shows by what he added, saying: Appearing to them, and speaking of the things concerning the kingdom of God. And since they were wearied, and troubled by the things that had already happened, and were about to go out to great contests from then on, reviving them with words about the things to come, He commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father. First He led them out to Galilee, while they were still afraid and trembling, so that they might hear what was being said without fear. Then, when they had heard, and had spent forty days with Him, He commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem. Why so? Just as no one allows soldiers who are about to fall upon a multitude to go out until they are armed; nor horses to leap from the starting gate until they receive the charioteer; so also He did not allow them to appear on the battle line before the descent of the Spirit, so that they might not become an easy prey and capture for the many. Not for this reason only, but also because there were many 60.20 there who were going to believe. And in addition to this again, so that some might not say that, having left their acquaintances, they came among strangers to boast, for this reason they furnish the proofs of the resurrection among those very men who had murdered Him, among those very men who had crucified Him, who had buried Him, in that very city in which the lawless deed was dared, so that all those from outside might be silenced. For when those who crucified Him are themselves seen to have believed, it is clear that both the cross and the lawlessness of the deed were shown, and the proof of the resurrection was great. Then, so that they might not say, "How then shall we, being few and of no account, be able to remain among men so defiled and murderous, and so numerous?" see how He relieves their anxiety, by saying: But to wait for the promise of the Father, which you have heard from me. And when did they hear, he says? When He said: It is to your advantage that I go away. For if I do not go away, the Paraclete will not come to you; and again, I will ask the Father, and He will send you another Paraclete, that He may abide with you. 5. And for what reason did It not come while He was present, nor immediately after He departed, but He ascended on the fortieth day, and the Spirit came when the day of Pentecost was fully come? And how, if It had not yet come, did He say, Receive the Holy Spirit? To make them receptive, and sufficient for the reception. For if Daniel, when about to see an angel, was overcome, much more these, being about to receive so great a grace. It is possible to say either this, or that He spoke of what was to be as if it had already happened, just as when He says, You shall tread on serpents and scorpions, and on all the power of the enemy. But for what reason did It not come immediately then? It was necessary for them to be in desire for the thing, and so to receive the grace. For this reason, when He had departed, then It came. And if It came,

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ἔσεσθαι. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο καὶ τοὺς ἀπίστους ἐντεῦθεν συλλογιζόμεθα. Εἰ γὰρ οὐκ ἀνέστη, ἀλλὰ μένει νεκρὸς, πῶς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ οἱ ἀπόστολοι σημεῖα ἐποίησαν; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐποίησαν σημεῖα; Πῶς οὖν συνέστη τὸ ἔθνος τὸ ἡμέτερον; Οὐ γὰρ δὴ καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἀντιστήσονται, οὐδὲ τοῖς ὁρωμένοις μαχήσονται. Ὥστε ὅταν λέγωσι μὴ γενέσθαι σημεῖα, μειζόνως ἑαυτοὺς καταισχύνουσι. Τοῦτο γὰρ μέγιστον σημεῖον, τὸ χωρὶς σημείων τὴν οἰκουμένην προσδραμεῖν ἅπασαν, ὑπὸ δώδεκα πτωχῶν καὶ ἀγραμμάτων ἀνθρώπων ἁλιευθεῖσαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ πλούτῳ χρημάτων, οὐ σοφίᾳ λόγων, οὐκ ἄλλῳ τινὶ τοιούτῳ περιεγένοντο οἱ ἁλιεῖς· ὥστε καὶ ἄκοντες ὁμολογήσουσι θείαν εἶναι ἐν αὐτοῖς δύναμιν, ἀμήχανον γὰρ ἀνθρωπίνην ἰσχὺν δυνηθῆναι τοσαῦτά ποτε. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας ἔμεινε μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ἔλεγχον διδοὺς ἐν τῷ μακρῷ χρόνῳ τῆς ὄψεως τῆς οἰκείας, ἵνα μὴ φάντασμα εἶναι νομίσωσι τὸ ὁρώμενον. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτῳ ἠρκέσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τράπεζαν προσετίθει. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ προϊὼν λέγει· Καὶ συναλιζόμενος αὐτοῖς. Τοῦτο δὲ ἀεὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι τεκμήριον ἐποιοῦντο τῆς ἀναστάσεως λέγοντες· Οἵτινες συνεφάγομεν καὶ συνεπίομεν αὐτῷ. Τί δὲ καὶ φαινόμενος ἐποίει, δι' ὧν ἐπήγαγε δείκνυσι λέγων· Ὀπτανόμενος αὐτοῖς, καὶ λέγων τὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ πεπονηκότες ἦσαν, καὶ τεταραγμένοι τοῖς ἤδη γεγενημένοις, καὶ πρὸς μεγάλους ἔμελλον λοιπὸν ἐξιέναι ἀγῶνας, τοῖς περὶ τῶν μελλόντων αὐτοὺς ἀνακτώμενος λόγοις, Παρήγγειλεν ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων μὴ χωρίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ περιμένειν τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρός. Πρῶτον αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ἐξήγαγε, δεδοικότας ἔτι καὶ τρέμοντας, ἵνα μετὰ ἀδείας ἀκούσωσι τῶν λεγομένων. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσαν, καὶ τεσσαράκοντα συνδιέτριψαν ἡμέρας, Παρήγγειλε μὴ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων χωρίζεσθαι. Τί δήποτε; Καθάπερ τινὰς στρατιώτας μέλλοντας εἰς πλῆθος ἐμπίπτειν, οὐδεὶς ἀφίησιν ἐξελθεῖν, ἕως ἂν ὁπλίσωνται· οὐδὲ ἵππους προπηδᾷν τῆς βαλβῖδος, ἕως ἂν τὸν ἡνίοχον λάβωσιν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ αὐτοὺς πρὸ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος καθόδου φανῆναι ἐπὶ τῆς παρατάξεως οὐκ ἠφίει, ὥστε μὴ γενέσθαι εὐχειρώτους καὶ ἁλωσίμους τοῖς πολλοῖς. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπειδὴ πολλοὶ ἦσαν 60.20 οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν αὐτόθι. Καὶ πρὸς τούτοις πάλιν, ἵνα μὴ λέγωσί τινες, ὅτι τοὺς γνωρίμους ἀφέντες παρὰ τοῖς ξένοις ἦλθον κομπάσαι, τούτου χάριν παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῖς πεφονευκόσι παρέχουσι τὰ τεκμήρια τῆς ἀναστάσεως, παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἐσταυρωκόσι, τοῖς θάψασιν, ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει ἐν ᾗ τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ παράνομον ἐτολμήθη, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν ἐπιστομισθῆναι ἅπαντας. Ὅταν γὰρ οἱ ἐσταυρωκότες αὐτοὶ φαίνωνται καὶ πεπιστευκότες, εὔδηλον, ὅτι καὶ ὁ σταυρὸς καὶ τοῦ τολμήματος ἐδείκνυτο ἡ παρανομία, καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως πολλὴ ἡ ἀπόδειξις. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγωσι, Πῶς οὖν δυνησόμεθα μεταξὺ ἀνθρώπων μιαρῶν καὶ φονούντων, καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων, ὀλίγοι καὶ εὐτελεῖς ὄντες μένειν, ὅρα, πῶς λύει τὴν ἀγωνίαν, εἰπών· Ἀλλὰ περιμένειν τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου. Καὶ πότε ἤκουσαν, φησίν; Ὅτε ἔλεγε· Συμφέρει ὑμῖν ἵνα ἐγὼ ἀπέλθω. Ἐὰν γὰρ ἐγὼ μὴ ἀπέλθω, ὁ Παράκλητος οὐκ ἐλεύσεται πρὸς ὑμᾶς· καὶ πάλιν, Ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον Παράκλητον πέμψει ὑμῖν, ἵνα μένῃ μεθ' ὑμῶν. εʹ. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐχὶ παρόντος αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἀπελθόντος εὐθέως παρεγένετο, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς μὲν τῇ τεσσαρακοστῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἀνῆλθε, τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα παρεγένετο ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς; Καὶ πῶς, εἰ μηδέπω παρεγεγόνει, ἔλεγε, Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον; Ἵνα δεκτικοὺς αὐτοὺς ποιήσῃ, καὶ ἀρκοῦντας πρὸς τὴν ὑποδοχήν. Εἰ γὰρ ἄγγελον μέλλων ὁρᾷν ὁ ∆ανιὴλ παρίετο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οὗτοι μέλλοντες τοσαύτην δέχεσθαι χάριν. Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ἢ ὅτι τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι ὡς ἤδη γεγενημένον εἴρηκεν, ὥσπερ ὅταν λέγῃ, Πατεῖτε ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων, καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐκ εὐθὺς τότε παρεγεγόνει; Ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ αὐτοὺς ἔδει γενέσθαι τοῦ πράγματος, καὶ οὕτω δέξασθαι τὴν χάριν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὅτε αὐτὸς ἀπέπτη, τότε ἐκεῖνο ἦλθεν. Εἰ δὲ ἦλθε,