John Chrysostom, On the Acts of the Apostles

to accept, but he, because his brother's sacrifice was preferred, was grieved; he was vexed, when he ought to have been penitent. But I do not say this, but that God knows how to manage things advantageously. For often you may be more gentle in character, but not suitable. Again, you may have an irreproachable life and a noble character, but in 60.39 the Church not only these things are needed. And besides, one person is suited for one thing, and another for another. Do you not see how much the divine Scripture has said about these things? But shall I say why the matter has become a subject of contention? Because we do not come to it as to a rule and leadership of brethren, but as to an honor and a rest. For if you knew that the bishop ought to be for all, bearing the burdens of all; that for others who get angry there is forgiveness, but for him, nowhere; that for others who sin there is much excuse, but for him, no longer, you would not have hastened to the office, you would not have run for it. For he is subject to the mouths of all, to the judgments of all, both wise and foolish; he is worn out by cares every day, every night; he has many who hate him, he has many who are envious of him. For do not speak to me of those who grant favors in everything, who wish to sleep, who come to the office as to a rest. The discussion is not about these, but about those who watch over your souls, who put the salvation of those they rule before their own. Tell me, if someone who has ten children under his authority and living with him constantly is compelled to care for them unceasingly, what ought this man not to become, who has so many not under his authority, not living with him, but having their obedience in their own power? But he is honored, you say. With what honor? Three-obol-a-day paupers revile him in the marketplace. Why then does he not shut their mouths? Absolutely. For you do not speak of a bishop's work. Again, if he does not provide for all, both for those in idleness and for those who work, there are countless accusations from all sides; no one is afraid to accuse and slander him; for in the case of civil rulers there is fear, but in this case not. For the fear of God has no power with them. What could one say of the care for preaching and teaching? The difficulty in ordinations? Perhaps I happen to be exceedingly weak and wretched and of no account, or the matter is really so. The soul of the priest differs in no way from a ship tossed by a storm; it is assailed from all sides, by friends, by enemies, by his own people, by strangers. Does not the emperor rule the world; but this man only a city? But his cares are as much greater, as the difference between river water simply moved by a wind, and the sea swelling and raging. Why so? Because there many help him (for all things are done by law and ordinance); but here there is nothing of the sort, nor is it possible to command by authority; but if he acts forcefully, he is called cruel; and if not forcefully, cold. But these opposites must come together, so that he is neither despised nor hated. And besides, things are already prejudiced. How many is he forced to scandalize, both willingly and unwillingly! How many to strike, both willingly and unwillingly! I do not speak otherwise, but as I feel and am disposed. I do not think there are many among the priests who are saved, but many more who are perishing; and the reason is that the office requires a great soul. For it has many constraints which lead one out of his own character, and he needs countless eyes from every side. Do you not see how many things the bishop must have? To be apt to teach, patient, holding fast to the faithful 60.40 word which is in accordance with the teaching. Of how much difficulty is this? And he himself bears the blame for the sins of others. I say nothing of other things; if just one departs unbaptized, has it not overthrown all his salvation? For the loss of one soul has so great a penalty, as no word can represent. For if its salvation is of so great worth that the Son of God became man and suffered so many things; consider how great a punishment its loss will bring. If the one through whom someone perishes is worthy to die in the present life, much more

ἀποδέξασθαι, ὁ δὲ ὅτι προετιμήθη ἡ θυσία τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, ἐλυπήθη· ἠγανάκτησε, δέον κατανυγῆναι. Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ τοῦτο λέγω, ἀλλ' ὅτι συμφερόντως οἶδεν οἰκονομεῖν ὁ Θεός. Πολλάκις γὰρ τὸ μὲν ἦθος ἐπιεικέστερος σὺ, οὐκ ἐπιτήδειος δέ. Πάλιν ἔστι σοὶ μὲν βίος ἄληπτος καὶ ἦθος ἐλευθέριον, ἐν 60.39 δὲ Ἐκκλησίᾳ οὐ τούτων δεῖ μόνον. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλο ἁρμόδιός ἐστιν. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ὅσον ὑπὲρ τούτων πεποίηται λόγον ἡ θεία Γραφή; Ἀλλ' εἴπω, τίνος ἕνεκεν περιμάχητον τὸ πρᾶγμα γέγονεν· ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἐπὶ ἀρχὴν, καὶ προστασίαν ἀδελφῶν ἐρχόμεθα, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν. Εἰ γὰρ ᾔδεις, ὅτι πάντων ὀφείλει εἶναι ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, τὰ πάντων βάρη βαστάζων· ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ὀργιζομένοις συγγνώμη, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐδαμοῦ· ὅτι τοῖς ἄλλοις ἁμαρτάνουσι παραίτησις πολλὴ, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐκ ἔτι, οὐκ ἂν ἔσπευσας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν, οὐκ ἂν ἔδραμες. Καὶ γὰρ οὗτος τοῖς ἁπάντων ὑπόκειται στόμασι, ταῖς ἁπάντων κρίσεσι, καὶ σοφῶν, καὶ ἀσόφων· φροντίσι καθ' ἑκάστην κόπτεται τὴν ἡμέραν, καθ' ἑκάστην νύκτα· πολλοὺς ἔχει τοὺς μισοῦντας, πολλοὺς ἔχει τοὺς διαφθονουμένους. Μὴ γάρ μοι περὶ ἐκείνων εἴπῃς τῶν πάντα χαριζομένων, τῶν καθεύδειν βουλομένων, τῶν ὡς ἐπὶ ἀνάπαυσιν εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐρχομένων. Οὐ περὶ τούτων ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ περὶ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀγρυπνούντων ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν τῆς οἰκείας σωτηρίας τὴν τῶν ἀρχομένων προτιθέντων. Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ δέκα τις παῖδας ἔχων ὑποχειρίους συνοικοῦντας αὐτῷ διαπαντὸς, ἀδιαλείπτως αὐτῶν ἀναγκάζεται φροντίζειν, τοσούτους ἔχων οὗτος οὐχ ὑποχειρίους, οὐ συνοικοῦντας, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ τὴν ὑπακοὴν ἔχοντας, τίς οὐκ ὀφείλει γενέσθαι; Ἀλλὰ τιμᾶται, φησίν. Ποίᾳ τιμῇ; Πένητες τριωβολιμαῖοι βλασφημοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. Τί οὖν αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐπιστομίζει; Πάνυ γε. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπισκόπου λέγεις ἔργον. Πάλιν, ἂν μὴ πᾶσι παρέχῃ, καὶ τοῖς ἐν ἀργίᾳ, καὶ τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις, μυρία πανταχόθεν ἐγκλήματα· οὐδεὶς δέδοικε κατηγορῆσαι καὶ διαβαλεῖν· ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἀρχόντων ὁ φόβος ἔπεστιν, ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων οὐχί. Ὁ γὰρ φόβος τοῦ Θεοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει. Τί ἄν τις εἴποι τὴν περὶ τὸν λόγον καὶ τὴν διδασκαλίαν φροντίδα; τὴν δυσκολίαν τὴν ἐν ταῖς χειροτονίαις; Τάχα ἢ σφόδρα ἀσθενὴς ἐγὼ τυγχάνω καὶ ταλαίπωρος καὶ οὐδαμινὸς, ἢ τὸ πρᾶγμα οὕτως ἔχει. Οὐδὲν πλοίου κλυδωνιζομένου διενήνοχεν ἡ τοῦ ἱερέως ψυχή· πανταχόθεν στίζεται, παρὰ φίλων, παρ' ἐχθρῶν, παρ' οἰκείων, παρ' ἀλλοτρίων. Οὐχὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ὁ βασιλεύων κρατεῖ· οὗτος δὲ πόλεως μόνης; Ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον μείζους εἰσὶν αἱ φροντίδες τούτου, ὅσον ὕδατος ἁπλῶς ὑπὸ πνεύματος κινουμένου ποταμίου, καὶ πελάγους οἰδοῦντος, καὶ μαινομένου τὸ διάφορον. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ἐκεῖ μὲν πολλοὶ οἱ συναντιλαμβανόμενοι (πάντα γὰρ νόμῳ καὶ διατάξει γίνεται)· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, οὐδὲ ἀπ' ἐξουσίας ἔστιν ἐπιτάξαι· ἀλλ' ἂν μὲν σφοδρῶς κινηθῇ, ἀκούει ὠμός· ἂν δὲ μὴ σφοδρῶς, ψυχρός. ∆εῖ δὲ ταῦτα τὰ ἐναντία συνελθεῖν, ὥστε μήτε καταφρονεῖσθαι, μήτε μισεῖσθαι. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ τὰ πράγματα προκατείληπται. Πόσους ἀναγκάζεται σκανδαλίζειν, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων! πόσους πλήττειν, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων! Οὐκ ἄλλως λέγω, ἀλλ' ὡς ἔχω καὶ διάκειμαι. Οὐκ οἶμαι εἶναι πολλοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἱερεῦσι τοὺς σωζομένους, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ πλείους τοὺς ἀπολλυμένους· τὸ δὲ αἴτιον, ὅτι μεγάλης τὸ πρᾶγμα δεῖται ψυχῆς. Πολλὰς γὰρ ἀνάγκας ἔχει τὰς ἐξαγούσας τοῦ οἰκείου ἤθους, καὶ μυρίων αὐτῷ πανταχόθεν ὀφθαλμῶν δεῖ. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ὅσα δεῖ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἔχειν; ∆ιδακτικὸν εἶναι, ἀνεξίκακον, ἀντεχόμενον τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν πιστοῦ 60.40 λόγου. Πόσης τοῦτο δυσκολίας; Καὶ τῶν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἁμαρτανομένων αὐτὸς ἔχει τὰς αἰτίας. Οὐ λέγω τῶν ἄλλων οὐδέν· ἂν εἷς μόνον ἀπέλθῃ ἀμύητος, οὐχὶ πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ κατέστρεψε τὴν σωτηρίαν; Ψυχῆς γὰρ ἀπώλεια μιᾶς τοσαύτην ἔχει ζημίαν, ὅσην οὐδεὶς παραστῆσαι δύναται λόγος. Εἰ γὰρ ἡ σωτηρία αὐτῆς τοσούτου ἀξία, ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπον γενέσθαι, καὶ τοσαῦτα παθεῖν· ἡ ἀπώλεια ἐννόησον ὅσην οἴσει τὴν τιμωρίαν. Εἰ δι' ὃν ἀπόλλυταί τις, ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ ἄξιος ἀποθανεῖν, πολλῷ