John Chrysostom, On the Acts of the Apostles

they suffered those bitter things, and the most grievous of all, when they saw the city being demolished, and the fire being kindled, and the walls thrown to the ground, and those varied bacchanalian rites, which no one is able to describe 60.48 in words, they no longer laughed. So you too will not laugh then, when the time of judgment comes, when the fire of Gehenna is lit. But why do I speak of future things? Do you want me to show who Peter is, and who Plato is? For let us for now, if you please, examine their characters, and see what each of them undertook. This one, then, spent all his time engrossed in unprofitable and superfluous doctrines. For what is the benefit of learning that the soul of the philosopher becomes a fly? Truly a fly, it did not change into a fly, but alighted upon the soul that dwelt in Plato. What vanity is this? From where did he take it upon himself to talk such nonsense? The man was full of irony, and jealously disposed towards all. As if, therefore, being contentious, he introduced nothing useful, neither from his own mind, nor from another; so on the one hand he received reincarnation from another, and on the other hand he introduced his commonwealth from himself, wherein he legislated things full of much disgrace. Let women be common, he says, and let naked virgins wrestle in the sight of their lovers, and let fathers be common, and the children who are born. What folly does this not surpass? But such were his ideas. But here, it is not nature that makes fathers common, but the philosophy of Peter; since that other system even did away with them. For it did nothing else but cause the real father to be virtually unknown, and the non-existent one to be introduced. He cast the soul into a kind of drunkenness and confusion. Let all men, he says, use women without fear. For this reason I do not examine the doctrines of poets, lest someone say I am examining myths; but I speak of other myths far more ridiculous than theirs. Where did poets invent such a monstrous thing? But the chief of philosophers, as he seemed to be, also puts weapons on women, and helmets, and greaves, and says that the human race is no different from dogs. For since the female dog, he says, and the male share in the work, let women also share, and let all things be overturned. For the devil has always striven through them to show our race to be no more honorable than the irrational animals; insomuch that some have come to such a point of vainglory as to say that even irrational animals happen to be rational. And see how variously he has reveled in their souls. For their chief men said that our soul passes into flies, and dogs, and irrational animals; but those after them, being ashamed of this, fell into another shame, by imparting all rational knowledge to irrational animals, and showing everywhere that the things made for our sake are more honorable than us. Not only this, but they also say there is foreknowledge and piety among them. The raven, he says, knows God, and the crow, and they have gifts of prophecy, and they foretell the future, and there is justice among them, and a commonwealth, and laws, and the dog philosophizes among them, according to Plato. Perhaps you disbelieve what is being said? Rightly so, since you have been nourished in sound doctrines; since if someone were raised on this food, he would disbelieve that there is a man who tastes dung with pleasure. When, therefore, we say to them that these things are myths 60.49 and full of folly, "You have not understood," they say. May we never understand your great absurdity. Indeed! For it does not require a deep mind for us to learn what such great impiety and confusion means. Do you not caw like ravens, O foolish ones, just like children? For you are truly children, just like them. But Peter said nothing of the sort; but he uttered a voice which, like a great light shining forth in some darkness, scattered the mist of the inhabited world. But how gentle his character was, how mild; how he stood above all vainglory; how he looked to heaven, being free from pride, and this while raising the dead. But if it had been possible for one of those foolish men to perform such a deed, even in appearance, would he not have immediately sought an altar and a temple, and to be some equal to God

ἐπεπόνθεσαν τὰ πικρὰ ἐκεῖνα, καὶ πάντων χαλεπώτερα, ὅτε τὴν πόλιν κατερειπομένην εἶδον, καὶ τὸ πῦρ ἀναπτόμενον, καὶ τὰ τείχη ῥιπτούμενα χαμαὶ, καὶ τὰς ποικίλας βακχείας ἐκείνας, ἃς οὐδεὶς παραστῆσαι 60.48 δύναται λόγῳ, οὐκ ἔτι ἐγέλων Οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς τότε οὐ γελάσεσθε, ὅταν ὁ τῆς κρίσεως ἐπιστῇ καιρὸς, ὅταν τὸ τῆς γεέννης ἀναφθῇ πῦρ. Ἀλλὰ τί περὶ μελλόντων λέγω; Βούλει δείξω τίς ἐστι Πέτρος, τίς δὲ Πλάτων; Τὰ γὰρ ἤθη τέως αὐτῶν, εἰ δοκεῖ, ἐξετάσωμεν, καὶ ἴδωμεν τίσιν ἐπεχείρησαν ἑκάτεροι. Οὗτος μὲν οὖν πάντα τὸν χρόνον ἀνάλωσε περὶ δόγματα στρεφόμενος ἀνόνητα καὶ περιττά. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος ἐκ τοῦ μαθεῖν, ὅτι μυῖα ἡ ψυχὴ τοῦ φιλοσόφου γίνεται; Ὄντως μυῖα, οὐκ εἰς μυῖαν μετέπιπτεν, ἀλλ' ἐπέβαινε τῇ ἐν Πλάτωνι οἰκούσῃ ψυχῇ. Ποίας ταῦτα οὐ ματαιολογίας; πόθεν δὴ τοιαῦτα ληρεῖν ἐπεβάλετο; Εἰρωνείας μεστὸς ἦν ὁ ἀνὴρ, καὶ ζηλοτύπως πρὸς ἅπαντας διακείμενος. Ὥσπερ οὖν φιλονεικῶν, μήτε οἴκοθεν, μήτε παρ' ἑτέρου χρήσιμόν τι εἰσαγαγεῖν· οὕτω παρὰ μὲν ἑτέρου τὴν μετεμψύχωσιν ἐδέξατο, παρὰ δὲ ἑαυτοῦ τὴν πολιτείαν εἰσήγαγεν, ἔνθα τὰ πολλῆς αἰσχρότητος γέμοντα ἐνομοθέτησε. Κοιναὶ, φησὶν, αἱ γυναῖκες ἔστωσαν, καὶ γεγυμνωμέναι παρθένοι, ἐπ' ὄψεσι τῶν ἐραστῶν παλαιέτωσαν, καὶ κοινοὶ πατέρες ἔστωσαν, καὶ οἱ τικτόμενοι παῖδες. Ποίαν οὐχ ὑπερβάλλει ταῦτα ἄνοιαν; Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ἐκείνου τοιαῦτα. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ ἡ φύσις ποιεῖ κοινοὺς πατέρας, ἀλλ' ἡ Πέτρου φιλοσοφία· ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνό γε καὶ ἀνῄρει. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερον ἐποίει, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸν ὄντα ἀγνοεῖσθαι μονονουχὶ, καὶ τὸν οὐκ ὄντα εἰσάγεσθαι. Εἰς μέθην τινὰ καὶ συρφετὸν ἐνέβαλε τὴν ψυχήν. Πάντες, φησὶν, ἀδεῶς κεχρήσθωσαν ταῖς γυναιξί. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξετάζω ποιητῶν δόγματα, ἵνα μή μέ τις εἴποι μύθους ἐξετάζειν· ἀλλ' ἑτέρους λέγω μύθους ἐκείνων πολλῷ καταγελαστοτέρους. Ποῦ τοιοῦτόν τι ἐτερατεύσαντο ποιηταί; Ἀλλ' ὁ κορυφαῖος τῶν φιλοσόφων, ὡς ἐδόκει, καὶ ὅπλα ταῖς γυναιξὶ περιτίθησι, καὶ κράνη, καὶ κνημῖδας, καὶ κυνῶν οὐδὲν διαφέρειν λέγει τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ κύων ἡ θήλεια, φησὶ, καὶ ὁ ἄῤῥην κοινωνοῦσιν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις, κοινωνείτωσαν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες, καὶ πάντα ἀνατρεπέσθω. Ἀεὶ γὰρ δι' αὐτῶν ἐσπούδασεν ὁ διάβολος, μηδὲν ἐντιμότερον τῶν ἀλόγων τὸ ἡμέτερον δεῖξαι γένος· ὅπου γέ τινες εἰς τοῦτο κενοδοξίας ἦλθον, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ τὰ ἄλογα λογικὰ τυγχάνει. Καὶ ὅρα, πῶς ποικίλως ἐβάκχευσεν ἐν ταῖς ἐκείνων ψυχαῖς. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ κορυφαῖοι αὐτῶν ἔφησαν τὴν ἡμετέραν ψυχὴν εἰς μυίας, καὶ κύνας, καὶ ἄλογα μεθίστασθαι· οἱ δὲ μετ' ἐκείνους τοῦτο αἰσχυνθέντες, εἰς ἑτέραν αἰσχύνην κατέπεσον, πάσης λογικῆς ἐπιστήμης μεταδόντες τοῖς ἀλόγοις, καὶ πανταχοῦ δείξαντες ἡμῶν τὰ δι' ἡμᾶς γενόμενα ἐντιμότερα. Οὐ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ προγνώσεις εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῖς, καὶ εὐσέβειαν λέγουσιν. Ὁ κόραξ, φησὶν, οἶδε τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ἡ κορώνη, καὶ προφητείας ἔχουσι χαρίσματα, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προλέγουσι, καὶ δικαιοσύνη παρ' αὐτοῖς, καὶ πολιτεία, καὶ νόμοι, καὶ ζηλοῖ παρ' αὐτοῖς ὁ κύων κατὰ Πλάτωνα. Τάχα ἀπιστεῖτε τοῖς λεγομένοις; Εἰκότως, ἅτε τοῖς ὑγιέσιν ἐντεθραμμένοι δόγμασιν· ἐπεὶ καὶ εἴ τις τραφείη ταύτῃ τῇ τροφῇ, ἀπιστήσειεν ἂν, ὅτι ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος κόπρου γευόμενος ἡδέως. Ὅταν οὖν λέγωμεν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι μῦθοι ταῦτα 60.49 καὶ ἀνοίας μεστὰ, οὐκ ἐνοήσατε, φασί. Μηδὲ νοήσωμέν ποτε τὸν τοσοῦτον ὑμῶν γέλωτα. Σφόδρα γε· οὐ γὰρ φρενὸς βαθείας δεῖ, ἵνα μάθωμεν, τί βούλεται ἡ τοσαύτη ἀσέβεια καὶ σύγχυσις. Μὴ κορακιστὶ φθέγγεσθε, ὦ ἀνόητοι, καθάπερ τὰ παιδία; Παῖδες γὰρ ὄντως ἐστὲ, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνα. Ἀλλὰ Πέτρος οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔφησεν· ἀλλ' ἀφῆκε φωνὴν, ἣ καθάπερ ἐν σκότῳ τινὶ φῶς ἀπολάμψασα μέγα, τὴν ἀχλὺν διεσκέδασε τῆς οἰκουμένης. Ἀλλὰ τὸ ἦθος αὐτοῦ πῶς ἥμερον ἦν, πῶς ἐπιεικές· πῶς πάσης ἀνωτέρω δόξης ἵστατο κενῆς· πῶς εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἑώρα ἄτυφος ὢν, καὶ ταῦτα νεκροὺς ἀνιστῶν. Εἰ δὲ ἐξεγένετο ἐκείνων τινὶ τῶν ἀνοήτων, φαντασίᾳ γοῦν τοιοῦτόν τι ἐργάζεσθαι, ἆρ' οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως βωμὸν ἐζήτησε καὶ ναὸν, καὶ ἰσόθεός τις εἶναι