35

he comes to the sign of God. But when it is shown that the one slain is just, and that he is a friend to God, even if you are silent about the punishment, the sinner will condemn himself more than you would. Therefore, he refers everything to the Father, so that they may accept what is said. Then, he brings in the "it was not possible" from the prophecy; let us then look again from the beginning at what was said. Jesus, he says, the Nazarene, a man approved from God among you; that is, not disputed, but demonstrated through works. Thus also Nicodemus said; No one can do these signs that you do. With mighty works, he says, and wonders and signs, which God did by him in the midst of you. so not in secret, if in the midst. First he begins from what is familiar to them, and then comes to what is unseen. Then, by saying, "By the counsel of God," he shows that they themselves did not prevail, and that what was happening was something wise and a dispensation, if indeed it was from God. And he quickly passed over the burdensome part. For their aim everywhere is to show that he died. Even if you deny it, he says, they will testify. But he who gives trouble to death, much more to those who crucified him; but he says nothing of the sort, like, "He was able to destroy you," but simply only made it manifest. For now we too learn through what has been said what it means "to be held." For he who is in travail does not hold what is held, nor does he act, but suffers and is eager to cast it off. And he said well; For David speaks of him, so that you might not draw what was said to the prophet. Do you see how he then interprets the prophecy and lays it bare, showing how he sat upon his throne? for the kingdom according to the Spirit is in heaven. See how with the resurrection he also made manifest the kingdom in his rising. He shows that the prophet was under a necessity; for the prophecy was about him. Why did he not say, "Concerning his kingdom," but, "Concerning his resurrection"? This was a great thing. And how did he sit on the throne? Reigning over the Jews. And if of the Jews, much more of those who crucified him. For his flesh, he says, did not see corruption. This seems to be less than the resurrection, yet it is the same thing. This Jesus God raised up. See how he does not call him otherwise. Of which we all are witnesses. Being therefore by the right hand of God exalted. Again he takes refuge in the Father, although it would have been enough to say the former; but he knows how great this is. Here he also hinted at the ascension, and that he is in the heavens, but 60.59 he does not say even this openly. And having received, he says, the promise of the Holy Spirit. See how at the beginning he did not say he himself sent it down, but the Father; but when he had mentioned his signs and the things done to him by the Jews, and had discoursed concerning the resurrection, he then boldly introduces the discourse about these things, again bringing them as witnesses through both their senses; and he continually mentions the resurrection, but their audacious act once, so as not to weigh them down. And having received, he says, the promise of the Holy Spirit. This again is a great thing. And I think he now calls the promise the one before the passion. See how he then makes it all his own, working it out as something great without being noticed. For if he himself poured it out, the prophet has spoken about him above; In the last days I will pour out of my Spirit upon my servants and upon my handmaidens, and I will give wonders in heaven above. See what things he inserts while hidden. But because it was a great thing, he again overshadows it by his receiving it from the Father. He spoke of the good things that had happened, the signs; he said that he is king; that he came to them; he said that he himself gives the Spirit. For whatever anyone may say, if it does not end in what is expedient, he speaks in vain. Just as John also does, saying, This is he who will baptize you with the Holy Spirit. And he shows that the cross not only did not diminish him, but even made him more glorious, if indeed God promised it to him of old, but gave it then. Or the promise, he says, which he promised to us. Thus he foreknew it would be, and he granted us greater things after the cross. And, "He poured out," he says. Here he makes manifest his dignity;

35

ἐπὶ τὸ σημεῖον ἔρχεται τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὅταν δὲ ἀποδειχθῇ, ὅτι δίκαιος ὁ ἀναιρεθεὶς, καὶ ὅτι Θεῷ φίλος, κἂν σιωπήσῃς τὴν κόλασιν, μᾶλλόν σου καταγνώσεται ἑαυτοῦ ὁ ἡμαρτηκώς. Πάντα τοίνυν ἀνατίθησι τῷ Πατρὶ, ἵνα δέξωνται τὰ λεγόμενα. Εἶτα τὸ, Οὐ δυνατὸν, ἀπὸ τῆς προφητείας ἐπάγει· ἴδωμεν τοίνυν ἄνωθεν πάλιν τὰ εἰρημένα. Ἰησοῦν, φησὶ, τὸν Ναζωραῖον, ἄνδρα ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς· τουτέστιν, οὐκ ἀμφισβητούμενον, ἀλλ' ἀποδεδειγμένον διὰ τῶν ἔργων. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Νικόδημος ἔλεγε· Τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα οὐδεὶς δύναται ποιεῖν, ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς. ∆υνάμεσι, φησὶ, καὶ τέρασι καὶ σημείοις, οἷς ἐποίησε δι' αὐτοῦ ὁ Θεὸς ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν. ὥστε οὐ λάθρα, εἰ ἐν μέσῳ. Πρῶτον ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκείνοις γνωρίμων ἄρχεται, καὶ τότε ἐπὶ τὰ ἄδηλα ἔρχεται. Ἔπειτα λέγων, Τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ βουλῇ, δείκνυσιν, ὅτι οὐκ αὐτοὶ ἴσχυσαν, καὶ ὅτι σοφόν τι τὸ γινόμενον ἦν καὶ οἰκονομία, εἴ γε παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἦν. Καὶ τὸ φορτικὸν ταχέως παρῆλθε. Σπουδὴ γὰρ αὐτοῖς πανταχοῦ, δεῖξαι, ὅτι τέθνηκε. Κἂν ὑμεῖς ἀρνήσησθε, φησὶν, ἐκεῖνοι μαρτυρήσουσιν. Ὁ δὲ τῷ θανάτῳ πράγματα παρέχων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῖς σταυρώσασιν· ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον λέγει, ὅτι Ἠδύνατο ὑμᾶς ἀνελεῖν, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς μόνον ἐνέφηνε. Τέως δὲ μανθάνομεν καὶ ἡμεῖς διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων τί ἐστι τὸ κατέχειν. Ὁ γὰρ ὠδίνων οὐ κατέχει τὸ κατεχόμενον, οὐδὲ δρᾷ, ἀλλὰ πάσχει καὶ ῥῖψαι σπεύδει. Καὶ καλῶς εἶπε· ∆αυῒδ γὰρ λέγει εἰς αὐτὸν, ἵνα μὴ εἰς τὸν προφήτην ἑλκύσῃς τὸ εἰρημένον. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς ἑρμηνεύει λοιπὸν τὴν προφητείαν καὶ γυμνὴν τίθησι, δηλῶν πῶς ἐκάθισεν ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ; ἡ γὰρ κατὰ Πνεῦμα βασιλεία ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ὅρα, πῶς μετὰ τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἐνέφηνεν ἐν τῷ ἀναστῆναι. ∆είκνυσιν, ὅτι ἀνάγκην εἶχεν ὁ προφήτης· περὶ γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἦν ἡ προφητεία. ∆ιὰ τί μὴ εἶπε, Περὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ· ἀλλὰ, Περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ; Μέγα τοῦτο ἦν. Πῶς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου ἐκάθισε; Βασιλεύων Ἰουδαίων. Εἰ δὲ Ἰουδαίων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῶν σταυρωσάντων αὐτόν. Οὐ γὰρ ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδε, φησὶ, διαφθοράν. Τοῦτο τῆς ἀναστάσεως δοκεῖ μὲν ἧττον εἶναι, πλὴν τὸ αὐτό ἐστι. Τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ Θεός. Ὅρα, πῶς οὐ καλεῖ αὐτὸν ἑτέρως. Οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες. Τῇ δεξιᾷ οὖν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑψωθείς. Πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν Πατέρα καταφεύγει, καίτοι γε ἤρκει εἰπεῖν τὸ πρότερον· ἀλλ' οἶδεν ὅσον τοῦτό ἐστιν. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναλήψεως ᾐνίξατο, καὶ ὅτι ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἐστιν, ἀλλ' 60.59 οὐδὲ αὐτὸ φανερῶς λέγει. Τήν τε ἐπαγγελίαν, φησὶ, τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου λαβών. Ὅρα, πῶς ἀρχόμενος μὲν οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἔφη αὐτὸ καταπεπομφέναι, ἀλλὰ τὸν Πατέρα· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐμνήσθη τῶν σημείων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν γεγενημένων παρὰ Ἰουδαίων, καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως διελέχθη, θαῤῥῶν λοιπὸν καὶ τὸν περὶ τούτων εἰσάγει λόγον, πάλιν αὐτοὺς μάρτυρας δι' ἑκατέρων τῶν αἰσθήσεων παράγων· καὶ τῆς μὲν ἀναστάσεως συνεχῶς μέμνηται, τοῦ δὲ τολμήματος αὐτῶν ἅπαξ, ἵνα μὴ αὐτοὺς βαρήσῃ. Τήν τε ἐπαγγελίαν, φησὶ, τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου λαβών. Τοῦτο πάλιν μέγα. Οἶμαι δὲ νῦν ἐπαγγελίαν αὐτὸν λέγειν τὴν πρὸ τοῦ παθεῖν. Ὅρα, πῶς αὐτοῦ ποιεῖ αὐτὸ λοιπὸν ὅλον, μέγα λανθανόντως αὐτὸ ἐργαζόμενος. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐξέχεε, περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ προφήτης εἴρηκεν ἀνωτέρω· Ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου, καὶ δώσω τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω. Ὅρα οἷα κεκρυμμένος ἐντίθησιν. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ μέγα ἦν, πάλιν αὐτὸ συσκιάζει τῷ παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς λαβεῖν. Εἶπε τὰ γεγενημένα ἀγαθὰ, τὰ σημεῖα· εἶπεν, ὅτι βασιλεύς ἐστιν· ὅτι εἰς αὐτοὺς ἧκεν· εἶπεν, ὅτι αὐτὸς τὸ Πνεῦμα δίδωσιν. Ὅσα γὰρ ἂν εἴπῃ τις, εἰ μὴ εἰς τὸ συμφέρον τελευτήσει, εἰκῆ λέγει. Ὥσπερ καὶ Ἰωάννης ποιεῖ, Οὗτος ὑμᾶς, λέγων, βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ. Καὶ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ὁ σταυρὸς οὐ μόνον αὐτὸν οὐκ ἠλάττωσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ λαμπρότερον εἰργάσατο, εἴ γε πάλαι μὲν ἐπηγγέλλετο ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῷ, τότε δὲ ἔδωκεν. Ἢ ἐπαγγελίαν, φησὶν, ἣν ἡμῖν ἐπηγγείλατο. Οὕτω προῄδει ἐσομένην, καὶ μείζονα ἡμῖν μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐχαρίσατο. Καὶ, Ἐξέχεε, φησίν. Ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἀξίωμα ἐμφαίνει·