John Chrysostom, On the Acts of the Apostles

they sold their lands and possessions and houses (for I would not say slaves; for this did not exist then, but perhaps they permitted them to become free); perhaps a hundred myriads of pounds of gold would have been collected; or rather, even twice and three times as much. For tell me, what number of mixed people does our city now amount to? how many do you wish to be Christians? Do you wish for ten myriads, and the rest Greeks and Jews? how many myriads of gold would have been gathered? And what is the number of the poor? I do not think more than five myriads. To feed these every day, what an abundance there was? Or rather, with the food being common, and them eating together, not even much expense would have been needed. What then, he says, were we to do after it was spent? Do you think it could ever have been spent? for would not the grace of God have become ten thousand times greater? for would not the grace of God have been poured out richly? What then? would we not have made the earth a heaven? If where there were three thousand and five thousand, this having happened shone so brightly, and no one of them complained of poverty, how much more in so great a multitude? and who from the outside would not have contributed? But that I may show that being divided is expensive and productive of poverty, let there be a house, where there are ten children and a wife and a husband, and let her work with wool, and let him bring in revenues from outside; tell me now, would these, eating in common, and having one house, spend more, or if they were separated? It is clear, that if separated? For if the ten children were to be separated, there would be need of ten dwellings, ten tables, ten servants, and as much other income. What about where there is a multitude of slaves? Is it not for this reason that all have one table, so that the expense may not be great? For division always produces diminution, but concord and harmony, increase. Thus those in the monasteries now live, as the faithful once did. Who then would have died from famine? and who would not have been fed with great abundance? Now then people fear this more than falling into an immeasurable and boundless sea. But if we had made trial of this, then we would have dared the deed. How much grace do you think there is? For if then, when no one was a believer, but only three thousand and five thousand; when all those of the world were enemies; when they expected comfort from nowhere, they thus dared the deed; how much more would this have happened now, where by the grace of God there are faithful everywhere in the world? and who would have remained a Greek? I think no one; thus we would have drawn all 60.98, and attracted them to ourselves. 60.98 But if we proceed on this path, I believe in God, that this too will be. Only be persuaded by me, and we shall set things right in order; and if God grants life, I believe that we shall quickly bring ourselves to this state of life. For now, set right the law concerning the oath, and confirm it; and let him who has kept it make known him who has not, and henceforth accuse, and rebuke him sharply. For the deadline is near, and I will make an examination of the matter, and I will separate and exclude the one caught. But may no such person be found among us, but may all keep this spiritual watchword with exactness. Just as, therefore, in war both friends and foes are recognized by the watchword; so indeed let it be now. For even now we are in a war, that we may recognize our own brothers. For how great a good is it for us to have this mark, both here and in a foreign land? what a weapon this is against the contrivance of the devil? For a mouth that does not know how to swear will quickly both draw God to itself in prayers, and will strike the devil a mortal blow; a mouth that does not know how to swear, will not know how to revile either. Just as from a house, so from the tongue cast out this fire, and drag it outside. Give it a little breathing space; make the wound weaker. Yes, I beseech you, that I may also give you another lesson; for this not yet having been set right, I do not dare to come to another. Let this be set right by you with exactness; first get a sense of this right action, and then

χωρία καὶ κτήματα καὶ οἰκίας ἀπέδοντο (ἀνδράποδα γὰρ οὐκ ἂν εἴποιμι· οὐδὲ γὰρ τότε τοῦτο ἦν, ἀλλ' ἐλευθέρους ἴσως ἐπέτρεπον γίνεσθαι)· τάχα ἂν ἑκατὸν μυριάδες λιτρῶν χρυσίου συνήχθησαν· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ δὶς καὶ τρὶς τοσαῦτα. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, ἡ πόλις ἡμῖν εἰς πόσον μιγάδων ἀριθμὸν νῦν τελεῖ; πόσους βούλεσθε εἶναι Χριστιανούς; βούλεσθε δέκα μυριάδας, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο Ἑλλήνων καὶ Ἰουδαίων; πόσαι μυριάδες χρυσίου συνελέγησαν; πόσος δὲ ἀριθμός ἐστι πενήτων; Οὐκ οἶμαι πλέον μυριάδων πέντε. Τούτους δὴ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τρέφεσθαι, πόσῃ ἀφθονία ἦν; Μᾶλλον δὲ κοινῆς τῆς τροφῆς γινομένης, καὶ συσσίτων ὄντων, οὐδὲ πολλῆς ἂν ἐδέησε δαπάνης. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἐμέλλομεν ποιεῖν μετὰ τὸ ἀναλωθῆναι; Σὺ οἴει δυνηθῆναι ἀναλωθῆναί ποτε; οὐ γὰρ ἂν μυριοπλασίων ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις γέγονε; οὐ γὰρ πλουσίως ἂν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις ἐξεχύθη; Τί δέ; οὐκ ἂν οὐρανὸν ἐποιήσαμεν τὴν γῆν; Εἰ ἔνθα τρισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακισχίλιοι, τοῦτο γενόμενον οὕτως ἔλαμψε, καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν πενίαν ᾐτιάσατο, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἐν τοσούτῳ πλήθει; τίς δὲ οὐκ ἂν καὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐπέδωκεν; Ἵνα δὲ δείξω, ὅτι τὸ διεσπάσθαι, τοῦτο δαπανηρὸν καὶ πενίας ποιητικὸν, ἔστω οἰκία, ἔνθα παιδία δέκα καὶ γυνὴ καὶ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐριουργείτω, ὁ δὲ ἔξωθεν φερέτω προσόδους· εἰπὲ δή μοι, οὗτοι κοινῇ σιτούμενοι, καὶ μίαν ἔχοντες οἰκίαν, πλείονα ἂν ἀναλίσκοιεν, ἢ διασπασθέντες; Εὔδηλον, ὅτι διασπασθέντες; Εἰ γὰρ μέλλοιεν διεσπάσθαι τὰ δέκα παιδία, δέκα καὶ οἰκημάτων χρεία, δέκα τραπεζῶν, δέκα ὑπηρετῶν, καὶ τῆς ἄλλης προσόδου τοσαύτης. Τί δὲ, ἔνθα δούλων πλῆθός ἐστιν; οὐχὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάντες μίαν ἔχουσι τράπεζαν, ὥστε μὴ πολλὴν γενέσθαι τὴν δαπάνην; Ἡ γὰρ διαίρεσις ἀεὶ ἐλάττωσιν ἐμποιεῖ, ἡ δὲ ὁμόνοια καὶ συμφωνία αὔξησιν. Οὕτως οἱ ἐν τοῖς μοναστηρίοις ζῶσι νῦν, ὥσπερ ποτὲ οἱ πιστοί. Τίς ἂν ἀπέθανεν οὖν ἀπὸ λιμοῦ; τίς δὲ οὐ διετράφη μετὰ ἀφθονίας πολλῆς; Νῦν μὲν οὖν τοῦτο δεδοίκασιν ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον, ἢ εἰς πέλαγος ἐμπεσεῖν ἄπλετον καὶ ἄπειρον. Εἰ δὲ πεῖραν ἐποιησάμεθα τούτου, τότε ἂν κατετολμήσαμεν τοῦ πράγματος. Πόσην οἴει καὶ χάριν εἶναι; Εἰ γὰρ τότε, ὅτε οὐδεὶς ἦν πιστὸς, ἀλλὰ τρισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακισχίλιοι μόνον· ὅτε πάντες οἱ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἦσαν ἐχθροί· ὅτε οὐδαμόθεν προσεδόκων παραμυθίαν, οὕτω δὴ κατετόλμησαν τοῦ πράγματος· πόσῳ μᾶλλον νῦν τοῦτο ἂν ἐγένετο, ἔνθα τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης πιστοί; τίς δ' ἂν ἔμενεν Ἕλλην λοιπόν; Οὐδένα ἔγωγε ἡγοῦμαι· οὕτως ἂν πάντας 60.98 ἐπεσπασάμεθα, καὶ εἱλκύσαμεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς αὐτούς. 60.98 Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐὰν ὁδῷ ταύτῃ προβαίνωμεν, πιστεύω τῷ Θεῷ, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἔσται. Πείσθητέ μοι μόνον, καὶ κατὰ τάξιν κατορθώσομεν τὰ πράγματα· καὶ ἂν ὁ Θεὸς ζωὴν δῷ, πιστεύω, ὅτι ταχέως εἰς ταύτην ἡμᾶς ἄξομεν τὴν πολιτείαν. Τέως τὸν νόμον τὸν περὶ τοῦ ὅρκου κατορθώσατε, καὶ βεβαιώσατε· καὶ ὁ φυλάξας τὸν μὴ φυλάξαντα δῆλον ποιείτω, καὶ ἐγκαλείτω λοιπὸν, καὶ ἐπιτιμάτω σφοδρῶς. Ἡ γὰρ προθεσμία ἐγγὺς, καὶ ἐξέτασιν ποιήσω τοῦ πράγματος, καὶ τὸν ἁλόντα ἀφορίσω καὶ ἀπείρξω. Ἀλλὰ μηδένα γένοιτο τοιοῦτον εὑρεθῆναι παρ' ἡμῖν, ἀλλὰ πάντας μετὰ ἀκριβείας τὸ σύνθημα τὸ πνευματικὸν τοῦτο φυλάξαι. Καθάπερ οὖν ἐν πολέμῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ συνθήματος οἵ τε οἰκεῖοι καὶ ἀλλότριοι γνωρίζονται· οὕτω δὴ καὶ νῦν γινέσθω. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν ἐν πολέμῳ ἐσμὲν, ἵνα καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐπιγινώσκωμεν τοὺς οἰκείους. Ὅσον γάρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸν τοῦτο ἡμῖν εἶναι τὸ γνώρισμα, καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀλλοτρίας; οἷον τοῦτο ὅπλον κατὰ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου μηχανῆς; Στόμα γὰρ οὐκ εἰδὸς ὀμνύειν, ταχέως καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐν εὐχαῖς ἐπισπάσεται, καὶ τὸν διάβολον πλήξει καιρίαν πληγήν· στόμα οὐκ εἰδὸς ὀμνύειν, οὐδὲ ὑβρίζειν εἴσεται. Καθάπερ ἐξ οἰκίας τινὸς, οὕτως ἀπὸ τῆς γλώττης τὸ πῦρ ἔκβαλε τοῦτο, καὶ παρέλκυσον ἔξω. ∆ὸς αὐτῇ μικρὸν ἀναπνεῦσαι· τὸ ἕλκος ἀσθενέστερον ποίησον. Ναὶ παρακαλῶ, ἵνα ὑμῖν καὶ ἕτερόν τι ἐκδῶ μάθημα· οὔπω γὰρ τούτου κατωρθωμένου, οὐ τολμῶ ἐπὶ ἕτερόν τι ἐλθεῖν. Τοῦτο μετὰ ἀκριβείας ὑμῖν κατορθωθήτω· τούτου λάβετε τοῦ κατορθώματος αἴσθησιν πρότερον, καὶ τότε