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For if this work be of men, it will come to naught. He could have mentioned another Egyptian, but his speech was then superfluous. Do you see how he concluded his speech with something fearful? Therefore he does not declare it simply, lest he seem to speak in their favor; but he reasons from the outcome of the matter. He did not dare to declare that it is not of men, nor that it is of God; since if he had said that it is of God, they would have contradicted him; but if of men, they were again ready to rise up against them. For this reason he bids them wait for the end, saying: Refrain. But they threaten again, knowing indeed that they accomplish nothing, yet doing their own part. For such is wickedness, it often attempts impossible things. And after this man, Judas rose up. You will learn these things more accurately by looking into the books of Josephus; for he, compiling the history of these men, recounts it precisely. Do you see what a great thing he dared to say, that it is of God, when at last from the facts he received the conviction. Truly great was his boldness, great his impartiality. And they were persuaded by him, it says. And having called the apostles, they beat them and let them go. They respected the man's reputation; wherefore they refrain from killing the apostles; but having only scourged them, they release them. They therefore departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for 60.115 the name of Christ. How much more wonderful than many signs is this! This never happened in the time of the ancients; since Jeremiah was scourged for the word of God, and they threatened Elijah, and the others; but here, by this also, not by signs alone, they showed the power of God. He did not say that they did not feel pain, but that even while feeling pain they rejoiced. How is this clear? From their boldness afterwards; for they always persisted in preaching even after the scourgings. Wherefore, indicating this also, he says, In the temple and at home they ceased not teaching and preaching Jesus Christ. And in those days. In what days? When these things were happening, when there were scourgings, when there were threats, when the disciples were multiplying, then a murmuring arises. Perhaps it happened because of the multitude; for it is not possible for there to be exactness in a multitude. And a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith. This hints at and shows that of those by whom the death against Christ was contrived, many of them believed. There arose, he says, a murmuring, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration. So there was a daily ministration for the widows. And see how he calls this a ministration, and not readily almsgiving; at once by this extolling both those who give and those who receive. This was not of wickedness, but perhaps a negligence of the multitude. For this reason also he brought it forward (for it was no small evil), that it might be quickly corrected. Do you see how in the beginning the evils were not only from without, but also from within? But you should not only see this, that it was corrected, but that it was a great evil. Look ye out, brethren, seven men from among you. They do not act on their own judgment, but first make their case to the multitude. Thus ought it to be done now also. It is not reason, he says, that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables. First he sets forth the unreasonableness, showing that it is not possible for both things to be done with zeal; since also when they were about to ordain Matthias, they first show the need of the matter, that one was wanting, and there needed to be twelve. And here they showed the need; and they neither acted before, but waited for the murmuring to arise, nor yet did they endure that this should happen for long. 3. And see, they entrust the judgment to them, and they put forward those who are pleasing to all and testified of by all. When therefore it was necessary to put forward Matthias, they said, It is necessary, of the men who have companied with us all the time; but here not so; for the matter was not of such a kind. Therefore they neither committed it to lot, nor again, being able to choose themselves moved by the Spirit, do they do this; but from the testimony of the many they establish what seems best. But otherwise the

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Ἐὰν γὰρ ᾖ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο, καταλυθήσεται. Εἶχε καὶ Αἰγύπτιον εἰπεῖν ἕτερον, ἀλλὰ περιττὸς λοιπὸν ἦν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες, πῶς τῷ φοβερῷ τὸν λόγον κατέκλεισε; ∆ιὸ καὶ οὐκ ἀποφαίνεται ἁπλῶς, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν λέγειν· ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ πράγματος ἐκβάσεως συλλογίζεται. Οὐκ ἐτόλμησε δὲ ἀποφήνασθαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνθρώπινόν ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ὅτι ἐκ Θεοῦ· ἐπειδὴ εἰ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκ Θεοῦ, ἀντέλεγον ἄν· εἰ δὲ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, πρόχειροι πάλιν εἰς τὸ ἐπαναστῆναι ἐγίνοντο. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς περιμεῖναι τὸ τέλος κελεύει, εἰπών· Ἀπόστητε. Οἱ δὲ ἀπειλοῦσι πάλιν, εἰδότες μὲν, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἀνύουσι, ποιοῦντες δὲ τὸ αὑτῶν. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ κακία, ἀδυνάτοις πολλάκις ἐπιχειρεῖ. Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον ἀνέστη Ἰούδας. Ταῦτα τοῖς τοῦ Ἰωσήπου βιβλίοις ἐγκύψαντες μαθήσεσθε ἀκριβέστερον· ἐκεῖνος γὰρ τὴν τούτων ἱστορίαν συντάττων ἀκριβῶς ἱστορεῖ. Εἶδες, ἡλίκον ἐτόλμησεν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἐκ Θεοῦ, ὅτε λοιπὸν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν πίστιν ἔλαβεν. Ὄντως πολλὴ ἡ παῤῥησία, πολὺ τὸ ἀπροσωπόληπτον. Ἐπείσθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ, φησί. Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενοι τοὺς ἀποστόλους, δείραντες ἀπέλυσαν αὐτούς. Ἠδέσθησαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀνδρός· διὸ καὶ τοῦ ἀνελεῖν μὲν τοὺς ἀποστόλους ἀφίστανται· μαστίξαντες δὲ μόνον αὐτοὺς ἀπολύουσιν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐπορεύοντο χαίροντες ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ συνεδρίου, ὅτι ὑπὲρ 60.115 τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ κατηξιώθησαν ἀτιμασθῆναι. Πόσων σημείων τοῦτο οὐ θαυμασιώτερον! Οὐδαμοῦ γέγονεν ἐπὶ τῶν παλαιῶν τοῦτο· ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἱερεμίας ἐμαστίχθη διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῷ Ἠλίᾳ ἠπείλησαν, καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων μόνον, τὴν δύναμιν ἐπεδείκνυντο τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι οὐκ ἤλγουν, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ἀλγοῦντες ἔχαιρον. Πόθεν δῆλον; Ἐκ τῆς μετὰ ταῦτα παῤῥησίας· οὕτως ἐνεστήκεσαν ἀεὶ καὶ μετὰ τὰς πληγὰς κηρύττοντες. ∆ιὸ καὶ τοῦτο δηλῶν, Ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, φησὶ, καὶ κατ' οἶκον οὐκ ἐπαύοντο διδάσκοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν. Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις. Ποίαις ἡμέραις; Ὅτε ταῦτα ἐγίνετο, ὅτε μάστιγες, ὅτε ἀπειλαὶ, ὅτε ἐπληθύνοντο οἱ μαθηταὶ, τότε Γογγυσμὸς γίνεται. Ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους δὲ τάχα συνέβη· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἀκρίβειαν ἐν πλήθει εἶναι. Καὶ πολὺς ὄχλος τῶν ἱερέων ὑπήκουε τῇ πίστει. Τοῦτο αἰνιττομένου ἐστὶ καὶ δεικνύντος, ὅτι ἀφ' ὧν ὁ κατὰ Χριστοῦ θάνατος ἐσκευάσθη, πολλοὶ ἀπὸ τούτων πιστεύουσιν. Ἐγένετο, φησὶ, γογγυσμὸς, ὅτι παρεθεωροῦντο ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν. Ἄρα καθημερινὴ διακονία ἦν ταῖς χήραις. Καὶ ὅρα, πῶς καὶ οὗτος διακονίαν καλεῖ, καὶ οὐ ταχέως ἐλεημοσύνην· ἅμα καὶ τοὺς διδόντας, καὶ τοὺς λαμβάνοντας διὰ τούτου ἐπαίρων. Τοῦτο οὐ κακίας ἦν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πλήθους ἴσως ῥᾳθυμία. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ προὔθηκεν αὐτὸ εἰς μέσον (οὐ μικρὸν γὰρ κακὸν ἦν), ἵνα ταχέως καὶ διορθωθῇ. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς καὶ ἐν ἀρχῇ τὰ κακὰ οὐχὶ ἔξωθεν μόνον ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔσωθεν; Σὺ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο μόνον ἴδῃς, ὅτι διωρθώθη, ἀλλ' ὅτι μέγα κακὸν ὄν. Ἐπισκέψασθε, ἀδελφοὶ, ἄνδρας ἐξ ὑμῶν ἑπτά. Οὐκ οἰκείᾳ γνώμῃ πράττουσιν, ἀλλὰ πρότερον ἀπολογοῦνται τῷ πλήθει. Οὕτω καὶ νῦν γίνεσθαι ἔδει. Οὐκ ἔστι, φησὶν, ἀρεστὸν καταλιπόντας ἡμᾶς τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, διακονεῖν τραπέζαις. Πρῶτον τὸ ἄτοπον τίθησι, δεικνὺς, ὡς οὐκ ἐνὸν μετὰ σπουδῆς ἀμφότερα γίνεσθαι· ἐπεὶ καὶ ὅτε τὸν Ματθίαν χειροτονεῖν ἔμελλον, πρῶτον τὴν χρείαν δεικνύουσι τοῦ πράγματος, ὅτι τε ἔλιπεν εἷς, καὶ ἔδει γενέσθαι δώδεκα. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὴν χρείαν ἐδήλωσαν· καὶ οὔτε πρότερον ἐποίησαν, ἀλλὰ περιέμειναν γενέσθαι τὸν γογγυσμὸν, οὔτε μὴν ἠνέσχοντο ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦτο συμβῆναι. γʹ. Καὶ ὅρα, τὴν κρίσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπιτρέπουσι, καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀρέσκοντας καὶ ὑπὸ πάντων μαρτυρουμένους ἐκείνους προβάλλονται. Ὅτε μὲν οὖν τὸν Ματθίαν ἔδει προβάλλεσθαι, ∆εῖ, ἔλεγον, τῶν συνελθόντων ἡμῖν ἀνδρῶν ἐν παντὶ τῷ χρόνῳ· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως· οὐ γὰρ τοιοῦτον ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα. ∆ιὸ καὶ οὐ κλήρῳ αὐτὸ ἐπέτρεψαν, οὔτε πάλιν, δυνάμενοι αὐτοὶ ἐκλέξαι Πνεύματι κινούμενοι, τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν· ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν πολλῶν μαρτυρίας τὸ δοκοῦν μᾶλλον ἱστῶσιν. Ἄλλως δὲ τὸ