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Their reverence was for the temple, as though they wished to change their abode, and for the name of Moses. And see how the accusation is twofold. He will destroy, they say, the place, and will change the customs. And not only is it twofold, but also bitter, and full of dangers. And all that sat in the council, looking steadfastly on him, saw his face as it had been the face of an angel. Thus it is possible even for those in a lesser rank to shine. For what, tell me, did this man have less than the apostles? Did he not work signs? Did he not show great boldness? They saw his face as it had been the face of an angel, it says. This then was grace, this was also the glory of Moses. And it seems to me that God made him full of grace, perhaps because he was about to say certain things, and so that he might immediately strike them with his appearance. For there are, there are faces full of spiritual grace, lovely to those who long to be so, and venerable and terrible to those who hate. Or he said this also as a reason why they endured his speech. What then says the high priest? Are these things so? he says. Do you see how the question is with gentleness, and having for the present nothing burdensome? For this reason he also begins his words with mildness, and says: Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran. Immediately from the preface he does away with their glory, and establishes through what he says, without exciting suspicion, that the temple itself is of course nothing, nor the customs, and that they will not prevail over the preaching, and that God always does and establishes all things out of impossible circumstances. See, at any rate, how through these things his speech is woven, and demonstrates that though always enjoying great loving-kindness, they repaid their benefactor with the contrary, and that they are attempting impossible things. The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham, and said to him: Get you out of your country, and come into the land which I shall show you. 2. And there was no temple, and there was no sacrifice, and Abraham was counted worthy of a divine vision, and he had Persian ancestors, and was in a foreign land. And why indeed, when beginning, did he call God the God of glory? Because He has made the dishonored glorious; and to teach that if He glorified them, much more these. Do you see how he leads them away from things of the body, and first from the place, since the argument was about the place? The God of glory. If He is the God of glory, it is clear that He does not need glory from us, nor that which is through the temple; for He Himself is the fount of glory. Do not therefore think to glorify Him in this way. And how, he says, does the Scripture say this concerning the father Abraham? Because it is not superfluous in matters that are not exceedingly necessary. For what it was useful to learn, this only it taught us, that from the sight of the son he went out with him; but the rest it left unnarrated, because he died rather quickly after he dwelt in Charran. Get you out of your kindred. Here he shows that these are not the children of Abraham. How? Because he was obedient, but these are disobedient; or rather from what he does when commanded we learn that he endured the labors, while these reap the fruits, and that all the forefathers were in affliction. And coming out 60.122 of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Charran; and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein you now dwell; and he gave him no inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on. See how he leads them up from the land. For he did not say, He will give, but, He did not give, showing that all things are from Him and nothing from them. For he came, having left both kindred and country. Why then did He not give it? Because it was a type of another land, and He promised to give it to him. Do you see that he does not take up the subject again without purpose? He did not give it to him, he says. And he promised it also to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child. Again, the power of God is shown from this, and His doing all things from impossible circumstances. For He said that He would make this man, who was in Persia and so far away, lord of Palestine. But let us look at what was said above. Looking steadfastly on him, he says, they saw the face

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ἦν αὐτοῖς ἡ εὐλάβεια περί τε τὸν ναὸν, ἅτε καὶ μετοικεῖν βουλομένοις, περί τε τὸ ὄνομα Μωϋσέως. Καὶ ὅρα, πῶς διπλῆ ἡ κατηγορία. Καταλύσει, φασὶ, τὸν τόπον, καὶ ἀλλάξει τὰ ἔθη Οὐ μόνον δὲ διπλῆ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πικρὰ, καὶ κινδύνων γέμουσα. Καὶ ἀτενίσαντες εἰς αὐτὸν ἅπαντες οἱ καθεζόμενοι ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ, εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου. Οὕτως ἔστι καὶ ἐν ἐλάττονι ὄντας βαθμῷ λάμπειν. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, τῶν ἀποστόλων οὗτος ἔλαττον ἔσχεν; οὐχὶ σημεῖα εἰργάσατο; οὐ πολλὴν ἐπεδείξατο τὴν παῤῥησίαν; Εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου, φησί. Τοῦτο ἄρα ἡ χάρις ἦν, τοῦτο καὶ ἡ δόξα Μωϋσέως ἦν. Ἐπίχαριν δὲ αὐτὸν δοκεῖ μοι ποιῆσαι τὸν Θεὸν, τάχα ἐπεὶ ἔμελλέ τινα ἐρεῖν, καὶ ἵνα εὐθέως τῇ προσόψει καταπλήξῃ αὐτούς. Ἔστι γὰρ, ἔστι καὶ πρόσωπα χάριτος γέμοντα πνευματικῆς, ἐπέραστα τοῖς ποθοῦσιν εἶναι, καὶ αἰδέσιμα τοῖς μισοῦσι καὶ φοβερά. Ἢ καὶ ὡς αἰτίαν τοῦτο εἶπε, δι' ἢν ἠνέσχοντο τῆς δημηγορίας αὐτοῦ. Τί δαὶ ὁ ἀρχιερεύς; Εἰ ἄρα, φησὶ, ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; Ὁρᾷς, πῶς μετὰ ἐπιεικείας ἡ ἐρώτησις, καὶ οὐδὲν τέως φορτικὸν ἔχουσα; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο Καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπὸ προσηνείας ἄρχεται τῶν ῥημάτων, καί φησιν· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατε· ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης ὤφθη τῷ πατρὶ ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ, πρὶν ἢ κατοικῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐν Χαῤῥάν. Εὐθέως ἐκ τοῦ προοιμίου τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν ἀναιρεῖ, καὶ κατασκευάζει δι' ὧν φησιν ἀνυπόπτως, ὅτι τε οὐδέν ἐστιν ὁ ναὸς δήπου αὐτὸς, οὐδὲ τὰ ἔθη, καὶ ὅτι οὐ περιέσονται τοῦ κηρύγματος, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ ἀμηχάνων ἀεὶ ὁ Θεὸς πάντα ποιεῖ καὶ κατασκευάζει. Ὅρα γοῦν διὰ τούτων ὑφαινομένην τὴν δημηγορίαν καὶ ἀποδεικνύουσαν, ὅτι πολλῆς ἀπολαύσαντες ἀεὶ φιλανθρωπίας, τοῖς ἐναντίοις τὸν εὐεργέτην ἠμείψαντο, καὶ ὅτι ἀδυνάτοις ἐπιχειροῦσιν. Ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης ὤφθη τῷ πατρὶ ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτόν· Ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου, καὶ δεῦρο εἰς γῆν, ἣν ἄν σοι δείξω. βʹ. Καὶ ναὸς οὐκ ἦν, καὶ θυσία οὐκ ἦν, καὶ θείας ὄψεως ἠξίωτο Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ προγόνους Πέρσας εἶχε, καὶ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ γῇ ἦν. Καὶ τί δήποτε ἀρχόμενος τὸν Θεὸν, τῆς δόξης Θεὸν ἐκάλεσεν; Ἐπειδὴ τοὺς ἀτίμους ἐνδόξους πεποίηκε· καὶ ἵνα διδάξῃ, ὅτι εἰ ἐκείνους ἐδόξασε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτούς. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς αὐτοὺς ἀπάγει τῶν σωματικῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου πρῶτον, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τόπου ὁ λόγος ἦν; Ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης. Εἰ δόξης Θεὸς, εὔδηλον, ὅτι οὐ δεῖται τῆς παρ' ἡμῶν δόξης, οὐδὲ τῆς διὰ τοῦ ναοῦ· αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τῆς δόξης πηγή. Μὴ τοίνυν νομίσητε ταύτῃ δοξάζειν αὐτόν. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶν, ἡ Γραφὴ τοῦτο λέγει περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς Ἀβραάμ; Ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς τὰ μὴ σφόδρα ἀναγκαῖα περιττή. Ὃ μὲν γὰρ ἦν χρήσιμον μαθεῖν, τοῦτο μόνον ἡμᾶς ἐδίδαξεν, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως τοῦ υἱοῦ συνεξῆλθεν αὐτῷ· τὸ δὲ πλέον τούτου παρέλιπεν ἀδιήγητον, διὰ τὸ θᾶττον ἀποθανεῖν μετὰ τὸ κατοικῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐν Χαῤῥάν· Ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν οὗτοι τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ. Πῶς; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνος πειθήνιος ἦν, οὗτοι δὲ ἀπειθεῖς· μᾶλλον δὲ ἐξ ὧν ποιεῖ κελευόμενος μανθάνομεν, ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν τοὺς πόνους ὑπέμεινεν, οὗτοι δὲ τοὺς καρποὺς δρέπονται, καὶ ὅτι πάντες οἱ πρόγονοι ἐν κακουχίᾳ. Καὶ ἐξελ 60.122 θὼν ἐκ γῆς Χαλδαίων, κατῴκησεν ἐν Χαῤῥάν· κἀκεῖθεν μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ, μετῴκισεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν γῆν ταύτην, εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς νῦν κατοικεῖτε· καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κληρονομίαν ἐν αὐτῇ, οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός. Ὅρα, πῶς αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἀνάγει. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ∆ώσει, ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἔδωκε, δηλῶν, ὅτι πάντα παρ' ἐκείνου καὶ οὐδὲν παρ' αὐτῶν. Ἦλθε γὰρ καὶ συγγένειαν ἀφεὶς καὶ πατρίδα. ∆ιὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἔδωκεν; Ὅτι τύπος ἦν ἑτέρας γῆς, καὶ ἐπηγγείλατο δοῦναι αὐτὴν αὐτῷ. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς πάλιν τὸν λόγον ἀναλαμβάνει; Οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ, φησί. Καὶ ἐπηγγείλατο καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτὸν, οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου. Πάλιν τὸ δυνατὸν ἐντεῦθεν δείκνυται τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τὸ ἐξ ἀμηχάνων πάντα ποιεῖν. Τὸν γὰρ ἐν Περσίδι καὶ τοσοῦτον ἀπέχοντα, τοῦτον ἔφησε κύριον τῆς Παλαιστίνης ποιήσειν. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ἄνωθεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Ἀτενίσαντες εἰς αὐτὸν, φησὶν, εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον