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afflictions become causes of rewards; or also for this reason He allowed them to be afflicted, that He might show His own power shining forth even from this, and that through the things by which they were afflicted, He might teach them to be philosophical in all things. See, then, when they were in the wilderness, they not only grew fat, grew thick, grew broad, but they also forsook God. For everywhere, beloved, ease is an evil. For this reason also from the beginning He said to Adam: In the sweat of your face you shall eat your bread. Therefore, so that coming from much affliction into ease they might not grow insolent, He allows them to be afflicted; for affliction is a great good. And that it is a good, hear David saying: It is good for me that you have humbled me. But if affliction is a great thing for great and wonderful men, much more so for us. But if you wish, let us also examine affliction in and of itself. Let there be someone rejoicing exceedingly and exulting and dissolute; what is more unseemly, what more foolish than this? Let there be someone grieving and despondent; what is more philosophical than this? For this reason also the wise man advises, saying: It is better to go to the house of mourning than to the house of laughter. Perhaps you even mock what is said. Nevertheless, let us see what Adam was like in paradise, and what he was like after this; what Cain was like before this, and what he was like after this. The soul does not stand on its own foundation, but as if by some spirit of pleasure it is lifted up and made light, having nothing firm. For it is also amenable to professions, and ready for promises, and great is the tossing of its thoughts. From this comes untimely laughter, cheerfulness without reason, much idle and superfluous talk. And why do I speak of others? Let us take one of the saints, and see who he was when living in pleasure, and who again in despondency. Do you wish then that we look at David? When, therefore, he was in pleasure and in joy from his many trophies, from victory, from crowns, from luxury, from confidence, see what things he both said and did: But I said in my prosperity, I shall never be moved. But when he was in affliction, hear what he says: And if he says to me, ‘I have no delight in you,’ behold, here I am, let him do to me what is pleasing in his sight. What is more philosophical than these words? Whatever is dear to God, he says, let it be so. And again to Saul, he said: But if the Lord has stirred you up against me, may he smell your sacrifice. And then indeed being in affliction, he spared even his enemies; but after this not even fri 60.132 ends, nor any of those who had wronged him. Again Jacob, when he was in affliction, said: If the Lord will give me bread to eat, and a garment to put on. And Noah's son before this did no such thing; but when he grew confident because of his salvation, you hear what an insolent man he became. And Hezekiah, when he was in affliction, see what things he did for his salvation; for he put on sackcloth, and sat on the ground; but when he was in pleasure, he fell from the height of his heart. For this reason also Moses advises, saying: When you have eaten and drunk and are full, remember the Lord your God. For the place of luxury is a precipice, and it produces forgetfulness of God. When the Israelites were afflicted, they became much more numerous; but when He let them be, then they all perished. And why do I speak of examples from the old times? Let us look at ourselves, if you please. When most of us are in prosperity, they become puffed up, hostile to all, irascible when power is present; but when it is taken away, they are gentle, humble, meek, they come to a perception of their own nature. And that it is so, David also shows, saying: Pride has held them fast to the end; their iniquity shall come forth as from fatness. These things have been said by me, so that we may not seek joy in every way. And how, he says, does Paul say, Rejoice always? He did not simply say, "Rejoice," but added, "in the Lord." 4. This is the greatest joy; such joy the apostles also had; a joy that brings profit, that comes from prisons, from scourges, from persecutions, from being spoken ill of, that in every case has its beginning and its root and its foundation from sorrows; whence also it arrives at a good end. But the joy of the world, on the contrary, begins from pleasant things, but ends in

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κακώσεις αἴτιαι μισθῶν γίνονται· ἢ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ἀφῆκε κακοῦσθαι, ἵνα τὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δείξῃ διαλάμπουσαν, κἀκείνους δι' ὧν ἐκακοῦντο εἰς πάντα παιδεύσῃ φιλοσοφεῖν. Ὅρα γοῦν, ὅτε ἦσαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὐ μόνον ἐλιπάνθησαν, ἐπαχύνθησαν, ἐπλατύνθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγκατέλιπον τὸν Θεόν. Πανταχοῦ γὰρ ἡ ἄνεσις, ἀγαπητὲ, κακόν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἔλεγεν· Ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου σου φάγῃ τὸν ἄρτον σου. Ἵνα τοίνυν ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς κακώσεως εἰς ἄνεσιν ἐλθόντες μὴ ὑβρίσωσι, θλίβεσθαι αὐτοὺς συγχωρεῖ· μέγα γὰρ ἡ θλῖψις ἀγαθόν. Καὶ ὅτι ἀγαθὸν, ἄκουε τοῦ ∆αυῒδ λέγοντος· Ἀγαθόν μοι ὅτι ἐταπείνωσάς με. Εἰ δὲ τοῖς μεγάλοις καὶ θαυμαστοῖς ἀνδράσι μέγα ἡ θλῖψις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμῖν. Εἰ βούλεσθε δὲ, καὶ αὐτὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς τὴν θλῖψιν ἐξετάσωμεν. Ἔστω τις χαίρων σφόδρα καὶ γεγηθὼς καὶ διαχεόμενος· τί ἀσχημονέστερον, τί ἀνοητότερον τούτου; Ἔστω τις ἀλγῶν καὶ ἀθυμῶν· τί τούτου φιλοσοφώτερον; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ σοφὸς παραινεῖ λέγων· Κρεῖττον εἰς οἰκίαν πένθους εἰσελθεῖν, ἢ εἰς οἰκίαν γέλωτος. Τάχα καὶ διαμωκᾶσθε τὰ λεγόμενα. Πλὴν ἴδωμεν, οἷος ἦν ὁ Ἀδὰμ ἐν παραδείσῳ, καὶ οἷος μετὰ ταῦτα ἦν· οἷος ἦν ὁ Κάϊν πρὸ τούτου, καὶ οἷος ἦν μετὰ ταῦτα. Οὐχ ἕστηκεν ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἕδρας ἡ ψυχὴ, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ὑπό τινος πνεύματος αἴρεται τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ κουφίζεται, οὐδὲν ἔχουσα βέβαιον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ πρὸς ἐπαγγελίας ἐστὶν εὔκολος, καὶ πρὸς ὑποσχέσεις πρόχειρος, καὶ πολὺς ὁ σάλος τῶν λογισμῶν. Ἐντεῦθεν ἄκαιρος γέλως, φαιδρότης οὐκ ἔχουσα λόγον, ῥημάτων ὕθλος πολὺς καὶ περιττός. Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς ἄλλους; Τῶν ἁγίων ἕνα προχειρισώμεθα, καὶ ἴδωμεν τίς μὲν ἦν ἐν ἡδονῇ ζῶν, τίς δὲ πάλιν ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ. Βούλεσθε οὖν τὸν ∆αυῒδ ἴδωμεν; Ὅτε τοίνυν οὗτος ἐν ἡδονῇ ἦν καὶ ἐν χαρᾷ ἀπὸ τῶν πολλῶν τροπαίων, ἀπὸ τῆς νίκης, ἀπὸ τῶν στεφάνων, ἀπὸ τῆς τρυφῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ θαῤῥεῖν, ὅρα, οἷα καὶ εἶπε καὶ ἔπραξεν· Ἐγὼ δὲ εἶπα ἐν τῇ εὐθηνίᾳ μου, Οὐ μὴ σαλευθῶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐν θλίψει γέγονεν, ἄκουσον τί λέγει· Καὶ ἐὰν εἴπῃ μοι· οὐ τεθέληκά σε, ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ, ποιείτω μοι τὸ ἀρεστὸν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ. Τί τούτων φιλοσοφώτερον τῶν ῥημάτων; Ὅ τι ἂν ᾖ τῷ Θεῷ, φησὶ, φίλον, ταύτῃ ἔστω. Καὶ πάλιν τῷ Σαοὺλ, ἔλεγεν· Εἰ δὲ Κύριος ἐπισείει σε ἐπ' ἐμὲ, ὀσφρανθείη ἡ θυσία σου. Καὶ τότε μὲν ἐν θλίψει ὢν, καὶ ἐχθρῶν ἐφείδετο· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οὐδὲ φί 60.132 λων, οὐδὲ τῶν ἠδικηκότων οὐδέν. Πάλιν ὁ Ἰακῶβ, ὅτε ἐν θλίψει γέγονεν, ἔλεγεν· Ἐὰν δῷ μοι Κύριος ἄρτον φαγεῖν, καὶ ἱμάτιον περιβαλέσθαι. Καὶ ὁ τοῦ Νῶε υἱὸς πρὸ μὲν τούτου οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐποίησεν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐθάῤῥησεν ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας, ἀκούεις οἷος γέγονεν ὑβριστής. Καὶ ὁ Ἐζεκίας ὅτε μὲν ἦν ἐν θλίψει, ὅρα οἷα ἐποίει ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας· σάκκον γὰρ περιεβάλετο, καὶ εἰς γῆν ἐκάθισεν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ γέγονεν ἐν ἡδονῇ, ἔπεσεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕψους τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Μωϋσῆς παραινεῖ λέγων· Φαγὼν καὶ πιὼν καὶ ἐμπλησθεὶς, μνήσθητι Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου. Ἀπόκρημνος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ τόπος ὁ τῆς τρυφῆς, καὶ λήθην τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐμποιεῖ. Ὅτε ἐθλίβοντο οἱ Ἰσραηλῖται, πολλῷ πλείους ἐγίνοντο· ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτοὺς εἴασε, τότε πάντες ἀπώλοντο. Καὶ τί λέγω ἀπὸ τῶν παλαιῶν τὰ παραδείγματα; Ἴδωμεν ἀφ' ἡμῶν, εἰ δοκεῖ. Ἡμῶν ὅταν ἐν εὐπραγίᾳ ὦσιν οἱ πλείους, τετυφωμένοι γίνονται, πᾶσιν ἐχθροὶ, ὀργίλοι τῆς ἐξουσίας παρούσης· ἀφαιρεθείσης δὲ, ἥμεροι, ταπεινοὶ, πρᾶοι, τῆς οἰκείας φύσεως εἰς ἔννοιαν ἔρχονται. Καὶ ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει, δείκνυσι καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ λέγων· Ἐκράτησεν αὐτοὺς ἡ ὑπερηφανία εἰς τέλος· ἐξελεύσεται ὡς ἐκ στέατος ἡ ἀδικία αὐτῶν. Ταῦτα δή μοι εἴρηται, ἵνα μὴ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου τὴν χαρὰν ζητῶμεν. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶν, ὁ Παῦλος λέγει, Χαίρετε πάντοτε; Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Χαίρετε, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, Ἐν Κυρίῳ. δʹ. Αὕτη μεγίστη χαρά· τοιαύτην καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἔχαιρον· χαρὰ κέρδος φέρουσα, ἡ ἀπὸ δεσμωτηρίων, ἡ ἀπὸ μαστίγων, ἡ ἀπὸ διωγμῶν, ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ κακῶς ἀκούειν, ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν λυπηρῶν πάντως ἔχουσα τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν ῥίζαν καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν· ὅθεν καὶ εἰς χρηστὸν ἀπαντᾷ τέλος. Ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου τοὐναντίον, ἄρχεται μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡδέων, τελευτᾷ δὲ εἰς τὰ