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Heaven is My throne, and the earth is the footstool of My feet. For not even these are worthy of God, if indeed they are created things, if indeed they are the works of His hand. See, how he leads them up little by little. For he shows through the prophet that it is not worthy to say even these things of God. And for what reason, he says, does he use the word here condescendingly? Great was the boldness of him who was about to die; for I think he knew this too by revelation. Stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears. This too is prophetic; nothing is his own. You always resist the Holy Spirit; as your fathers did, so do you. When He did not want sacrifices, you offered them; when He wants them, again you do not offer them; when He did not wish to give you commandments, you drew them upon yourselves; when you received them, you neglected them. Again, when the temple stood, you worshipped idols; when He wants to be worshipped without a temple, you do the opposite. See, he did not say, ‘You resist God,’ but, ‘the Spirit;’ so he knows no difference. And what is greater, ‘As your fathers,’ he says, ‘so you.’ Thus also Christ reproached them, since they always boasted greatly in their fathers. Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who foretold the coming of the Just 60.138 One. He still says, ‘of the Just One,’ wishing to subdue them. Of whom you have now become the betrayers and murderers. He charges them with two things, both that they were ignorant, and that they murdered. You who received the law as delivered by angels and did not keep it. 3. What is this? Some say he means that which was ordained by angels. But it is not so; for where did angels appear ordaining a law? but he means the law ordained, that which was delivered to him through the angel who appeared to him in the bush; for was it a man? It is no wonder then, he says, that those who did those things, should also do these. If you killed those who announced him, much more him himself. Here he shows them disobedient to God, and to angels, and to the prophets, and to the Spirit, and to all, as Scripture also says elsewhere: Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars. Those therefore who feigned to speak for the law, said: He blasphemes against Moses. But he shows that they themselves blaspheme more, not only against Moses, but also against God, and that they from the beginning do such things, and that they themselves have abolished the customs, and that there is no need of these things any longer; and that while accusing and saying that he opposed Moses, they themselves were opposing the Spirit; and not simply, but even with murder; and from of old they had this enmity. Do you see that he shows them opposing both Moses and all, and not keeping the law? And yet Moses said: The Lord will raise up for you a prophet; and the others also foretold that this one would come, and the prophet, saying: What house will you build for Me? and again: Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices forty years? This is the boldness of a man who has the cross. Let us therefore also imitate this, even if it is not a time of war, but it is always a time for boldness. For I spoke, it says, of Your testimonies before kings, and was not ashamed. If then we are engaged with Greeks, let us so silence them without anger, without harshness. For if we do this with anger, it no longer seems to be boldness, but passion; but if with gentleness, this is truly boldness. For it is not possible for a right action and a fault to be the same thing at the same time. Boldness is a right action; anger, a fault. We must therefore, if we are to have boldness, be pure from anger, so that one may not attribute the words to it. Even if you say just things with anger, you have lost everything, whether you speak boldly, or admonish, or do anything whatever. See this man reasoning not with anger; for indeed he did not insult, but reminded them of a prophetic word. For that it was not of anger, he showed, when he was suffering evil, then praying for them and saying: Do not hold this sin against them. Thus not being angry with them, but grieving for them and being pained, he uttered these things; since also concerning his appearance it said for this reason, that ‘They saw his face as it were’

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οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ταῦτα ἄξια Θεοῦ, εἴ γε ποιήματά ἐστιν, εἴ γε τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ἔργα. Ὅρα, πῶς αὐτοὺς κατὰ μικρὸν ἀνάγει. ∆είκνυσι γὰρ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου, ὅτι οὐδὲ ταῦτα Θεοῦ ἄξια λέγειν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, ἐνταῦθα καταφορικῶς τῷ λόγῳ κέχρηται; Πολλὴ ἦν ἡ παῤῥησία μέλλοντος αὐτοῦ ἀποθνήσκειν· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο οἶμαι αὐτὸν ἐξ ἀποκαλύψεως εἰδέναι. Σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι ταῖς καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσί. Καὶ τοῦτο προφητικόν· οὐδὲν αὐτοῦ ἴδιον. Ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ Πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ ὑμεῖς. Ὅτε οὐκ ἐβούλετο θυσίας εἶναι, ὑμεῖς ἐθύετε· ὅτε βούλεται, πάλιν οὐ θύετε· ὅτε οὐκ ἤθελε δοῦναι ὑμῖν παραγγέλματα, ἐπεσπάσασθε· ὅτε ἐλάβετε, ἠμελήσατε. Πάλιν ὅτε εἱστήκει ὁ ναὸς, εἴδωλα ἐθεραπεύετε· ὅτε βούλεται χωρὶς ναοῦ θεραπεύεσθαι, τὸ ἐναντίον ποιεῖτε. Ὅρα, οὐκ εἶπε, Τῷ Θεῷ ἀντιπίπτετε, ἀλλὰ, Τῷ Πνεύματι· οὕτως οὐδεμίαν οἶδε διαφοράν. Καὶ τὸ μεῖζον, Ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, φησὶν, καὶ ὑμεῖς. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὠνείδιζεν, ἐπειδὴ μεγάλα ἀεὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς πατράσιν ηὔχουν. Τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν; Καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ τῆς ἐλεύσεως τοῦ ∆ι 60.138 καίου. Ἔτι Τοῦ δικαίου λέγει, βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς καταστεῖλαι. Οὗ νῦν ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς γεγένησθε. ∆ύο αὐτοῖς ἐγκαλεῖ, ὅτι τε ἠγνόησαν, καὶ ὅτι ἐφόνευσαν. Οἵτινες ἐλάβετε τὸν νόμον εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων, καὶ οὐκ ἐφυλάξατε. γʹ. Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; Τινές φασι, τὸν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων λέγειν διαταχθέντα. Οὐκ ἔστι δέ· ποῦ γὰρ ἄγγελοι νόμον ἐφάνησαν διατάττοντες; ἀλλὰ διαταχθέντα νόμον λέγει, τὸν ἐγχειρισθέντα αὐτῷ δι' ἀγγέλου τοῦ ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βάτῳ· μὴ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἦν; Οὐδὲν οὖν θαυμαστὸν τούτους ἐκεῖνα ποιήσαντας, φησὶ, καὶ ταῦτα ποιῆσαι. Εἰ τοὺς καταγγείλαντας ἀνείλετε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτόν. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ Θεῷ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις, καὶ τοῖς προφήταις, καὶ τῷ Πνεύματι, καὶ πᾶσι δείκνυσιν ἀπειθοῦντας, καθὼς καὶ ἑτέρωθί φησιν ἡ Γραφή· Κύριε, τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν. Οἱ τοίνυν ἀντιποιούμενοι λόγῳ τοῦ νόμου, ἔλεγον· Εἰς Μωϋσῆν βλασφημεῖ. Ὁ δὲ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι αὐτοὶ βλασφημοῦσι μᾶλλον, οὐ μόνον εἰς Μωϋσῆν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς Θεὸν, καὶ ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἄνωθεν τοιαῦτα ποιοῦσι, καὶ ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὰ ἔθη κατέλυσαν, καὶ ὅτι οὐ χρεία τούτων λοιπόν· καὶ ὅτι ἐγκαλοῦντες καὶ λέγοντες Μωϋσῇ ἐναντιοῦσθαι αὐτὸν, αὐτοὶ τῷ Πνεύματι ἠναντιοῦντο· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ φόνου· καὶ ἄνωθεν εἶχον τὴν ἔχθραν. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι καὶ Μωϋσῇ καὶ πᾶσι δείκνυσιν ἐναντιουμένους αὐτοὺς, καὶ τὸν νόμον μὴ φυλάττοντας; Καίτοι γε Μωϋσῆς εἶπε· Προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει Κύριος· καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι δὲ τοῦτον ἐλεύσεσθαι προὔλεγον, καὶ ὁ προφήτης, λέγων· Ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι; καὶ πάλιν· Μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα; Τοῦτο παῤῥησία ἀνδρὸς τὸν σταυρὸν ἔχοντος. Μιμώμεθα τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς ταύτην, εἰ καὶ πολέμου οὐκ ἔστι καιρὸς, ἀλλὰ παῤῥησίας ἀεὶ καιρός ἐστιν. Ἐλάλουν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν τοῖς μαρτυρίοις σου ἐναντίον βασιλέων, καὶ οὐκ ᾐσχυνόμην. Ἂν τοίνυν Ἕλλησι συμπλεκώμεθα, οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐπιστομίζωμεν χωρὶς θυμοῦ, χωρὶς τραχύτητος. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ μετὰ θυμοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶμεν, οὐκ ἔτι παῤῥησία, ἀλλὰ πάθος εἶναι δοκεῖ· ἂν δὲ ἐπιεικῶς, ὄντως ἐστὶν αὕτη παῤῥησία. Οὐ γὰρ δυνατὸν ὁμοῦ κατὰ ταυτὸν καὶ κατόρθωμα εἶναι καὶ ἐλάττωμα. Ἡ παῤῥησία, κατόρθωμα· ὁ θυμὸς, ἐλάττωμα. ∆εῖ τοίνυν ἡμᾶς, εἰ μέλλομεν παῤῥησίαν ἔχειν, καθαροὺς εἶναι τοῦ θυμοῦ, ἵνα μὴ ἐκείνῳ τις λογίσηται τὰ ῥήματα. Κἂν δίκαια λέγῃς μετὰ θυμοῦ, τὸ πᾶν ἀπώλεσας, κἂν παῤῥησιάζῃ, κἂν νουθετῇς, κἂν ὁτιοῦν πράττῃς. Ὅρα τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον οὐ μετὰ θυμοῦ διαλεγόμενον· οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὕβρισεν, ἀλλὰ προφητικοῦ αὐτοὺς ἀνέμνησε λόγου. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἦν θυμοῦ, ἔδειξεν, ὅτε κακῶς ἔπασχε, τότε ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εὐχόμενος καὶ λέγων· Μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ταύτην. Οὕτως οὐκ ὀργιζόμενος αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ ἀλγῶν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ δακνόμενος, ταῦτα ἐφθέγγετο· ἐπεὶ καὶ περὶ τῆς ὄψεως διὰ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ὅτι Εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ