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And what summer and winter are, this is persecution and rest. But that you may learn abundantly that this persecution is worse, consider from this. It pours sleep upon the soul, it creates much yawning and indolence, it stirs up the passions from every side, it arms pride, it arms pleasure, it arms anger, envy, vainglory, jealousy. But in persecution none of these things can be troublesome; but fear, entering in and striking, as it were with a powerful whip, a barking dog, does not permit all these passions even to mutter. Who can be vainglorious in persecution? Who can be given to pleasure? No one; but much trembling and fear, working great calm, preparing a fair haven, making the soul reverent. I once heard our fathers saying (for may it not happen in our time; for we are commanded not to ask for temptation), that during the old persecution one could see truly Christian men. For no one was concerned for money, no one for a wife, no one for children, no one for a house, no one for his country; all had one concern, to save their own souls. Some hid in memorials and tombs, others in deserts. Not only men, but also delicate and tender women hid themselves then, fighting against continuous hunger. Consider, then, if any desire for extravagance, if any desire for luxury, would ever have entered a woman hiding by a coffin and waiting for her maidservant to come bringing supper, and fearing lest she be caught, and lying in the tomb as in a furnace; would she remember that luxury ever existed, that there is an ordered world at all? Do you see that now is the persecution more so, as the passions, like wild beasts, attack us from every side? Now is the harsh persecution, both in this way, and because it is not even considered to be a persecution. For this war also has this difficulty, which is considered peace, so that we may not arm ourselves against it, nor rise up 60.189; no one is afraid, no one trembles. But if you disbelieve, ask the Greeks, the persecutors, when the Christians' affairs were more exact, when all were more approved? The multitude was then reduced to a few; but it was in great wealth of virtue. For what is the benefit, tell me, of having much hay, when one could have precious stones? The multitude is not in the size of the number, but in the proven quality of the virtue. Elijah was one; but the world was not worthy of him. And yet the world is myriads; but they are not myriads, when they are not even equal to the one. Better is one doing the will of the Lord, than ten thousand transgressors. And a certain wise man, hinting at this, says something like this: Do not desire a multitude of useless children. These men bring blasphemy upon God more than if they were not Christians. What need have I of a multitude? It is more food for the fire. This you might also learn from the body, that moderate food with health is better than luxury with affliction. This food is more than that; this is nourishment, that is disease. This one might also see in war, that it is better to have ten experienced and brave men, than ten thousand inexperienced ones. These, in addition to accomplishing nothing, also hinder those who are accomplishing something. This one would also find on a ship, that it is better to have two experienced sailors, than a countless multitude of inexperienced ones; for these will even sink the ship. 4. I say these things, not being hostile toward your number, but wanting all to be approved, and not to trust in numbers. Far more are those entering into Gehenna; but the kingdom is greater than it, even if it has few. The multitude of the people was as the sand of the sea, but one saved them. Moses was one, and he prevailed more than all; Joshua was one, and he was able to do more than the six hundred thousand. Let us not be zealous for this, that there should only be many, but before this, that they should be approved; when this is established, then that also. No one wishes to make a house spacious first, but first strong and approved, and then spacious; no one lays foundations in order to be laughed at. Let us seek this first, and then that. When this exists, that will also be easy; but when that does not exist, even if this is present, it is of no benefit. For when there are those in the Church who are able to shine, there will quickly also be

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καὶ ὅπερ ἐστὶ θέρος καὶ χειμὼν, τοῦτο διωγμὸς καὶ ἄνεσις. Ἵνα δὲ μάθῃς ἐκ περιουσίας, ὅτι χείρων οὗτος ὁ διωγμὸς, σκόπει ἐντεῦθεν. Ὕπνον καταχεῖ τῇ ψυχῇ, χάσμην πολλὴν καὶ ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐμποιεῖ, τὰ πάθη διεγείρει πάντοθεν, ὁπλίζει τῦφον, ὁπλίζει ἡδονὴν, ὁπλίζει θυμὸν, βασκανίαν, κενοδοξίαν, ζῆλον. Ἀλλ' ἐν διωγμῷ τούτων οὐδὲν ἐνοχλεῖν δύναται· ἀλλ' ὁ φόβος ἐπεισελθὼν καθάπερ τινὶ μάστιγι σφόδρα κύνα ὑλακτοῦντα πλήξας, ταῦτα πάντα τὰ πάθη οὐδὲ γρῦξαι ἐᾷ. Τίς ἐν διωγμῷ κενοδοξῆσαι δύναται; τίς ἐν ἡδονῇ γενέσθαι; Οὐδείς· ἀλλὰ τρόμος πολὺς καὶ φόβος, πολλὴν τὴν γαλήνην ἐργαζόμενος, εὔδιον τὸν λιμένα παρασκευάζων, τὴν ψυχὴν εὐλαβῆ ποιῶν. Ἤκουσά ποτε πατέρων τῶν ἡμετέρων λεγόντων (ἐφ' ἡμῶν γὰρ μὴ γένοιτο· κελευόμεθα γὰρ μὴ αἰτεῖν πειρασμὸν), ὅτι κατὰ τὸν διωγμὸν τὸν παλαιὸν ἦν ἰδεῖν ὄντως Χριστιανοὺς ἄνδρας. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ χρημάτων ἐφρόντιζεν, οὐδεὶς γυναικὸς, οὐδεὶς παίδων, οὐδεὶς οἰκίας, οὐδεὶς πατρίδος· μία πᾶσιν ἦν σπουδὴ, τὴν ψυχὴν περισῶσαι ἑαυτῶν. Οἱ μὲν ἐν μνήμασι καὶ τάφοις, οἱ δὲ ἐν ἐρημίαις ἐκρύπτοντο. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἄνδρες, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκες ἁπαλαὶ καὶ τρυφεραὶ τότε ἐκρύπτοντο, διηνεκεῖ μαχόμεναι λιμῷ. Ἐννόησον οὖν, εἴ τις πολυτελείας, εἴ τις τρυφῆς ἐπεισῆλθεν ἄν ποτε πόθος γυναικὶ παρὰ λάρνακι κρυπτομένῃ καὶ περιμενούσῃ τὴν θεραπαινίδα, ὅπως ἔλθῃ κομίζουσα δεῖπνον, καὶ φοβουμένῃ, μή πως ἁλῷ, καὶ καθάπερ ἐν καμίνῳ τῷ τάφῳ κειμένῃ· ἆρα γὰρ ἐνθυμήσεται, ὅτι γέγονέ ποτε τρυφὴ, ὅτι κόσμος ὅλως ἐστίν; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι νῦν ἐστι μᾶλλον ὁ διωγμὸς, καθάπερ θηρίων τῶν παθῶν ἐπιτιθεμένων ἡμῖν πάντοθεν; Νῦν ἐστιν ὁ χαλεπὸς διωγμὸς, ταύτῃ τε, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ νομίζεται εἶναι διωγμός. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἔχει τὸ χαλεπὸν οὗτος ὁ πόλεμος, ὃς εἰρήνη νομίζεται, ἵνα μὴ ὁπλιζώμεθα κατ' αὐτοῦ, μηδὲ διαναστῶ 60.189 μεν· οὐδεὶς δέδοικεν, οὐδεὶς τρέμει. Εἰ δὲ ἀπιστεῖτε, τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐρωτήσατε, τοὺς διώκοντας, πότε τὰ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἀκριβέστερα, πότε δοκιμώτεροι πάντες; Εἰς ὀλίγον μὲν περιειστήκει τότε τὸ πλῆθος· εἰς πολὺν δὲ ἀρετῆς πλοῦτον ἦν. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος, εἰπέ μοι, πολὺν εἶναι χόρτον, παρὸν λίθους εἶναι τιμίους; Οὐκ ἐν τῷ πλήθει τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ δοκιμότητι τῆς ἀρετῆς τὸ πλῆθός ἐστιν. Ὁ Ἠλίας εἷς ἦν· ἀλλ' ὁ κόσμος οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῦ ἀντάξιος. Καὶ μὴν ὁ κόσμος μυριάδες εἰσίν· ἀλλ' οὐκ εἰσὶ μυριάδες, ὅταν μηδὲ πρὸς τὸν ἕνα ἐξισῶνται. Κρείσσων εἷς ποιῶν τὸ θέλημα Κυρίου, ἢ μύριοι παράνομοι. Τοῦτο καί τις σοφὸς αἰνιττόμενος οὕτω πώς φησι· Μὴ ἐπιθύμει πλῆθος τέκνων ἀχρήστων. Οὗτοι καὶ βλασφημίαν προστρίβονται τῷ Θεῷ μᾶλλον, ἢ εἰ μὴ ἦσαν Χριστιανοί. Τί μοι δεῖ πλήθους; Τροφὴ πλείων τῷ πυρί. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος γνοίης ἂν, ὅτι βελτίων σύμμετρος τροφὴ μετὰ ὑγιείας, ἢ τρυφὴ μετὰ κακώσεως. Αὕτη πλείων ἐκείνης ἡ τροφή· τοῦτο τροφὴ, ἐκεῖνο νόσος. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ ἴδοι τις ἂν, βέλτιον εἶναι δέκα ἐμπείρους καὶ γενναίους ἄνδρας, ἢ μυρίους ἀπείρους. Οὗτοι πρὸς τῷ μηδὲν ἐργάσασθαι καὶ τοὺς ἐργαζομένους ἐγκόπτουσι. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ πλοίου εὕροι τις ἂν, βέλτιον εἶναι δύο ναύτας ἐμπείρους, ἢ μυρίον πλῆθος ἀπείρων· οὗτοι γὰρ τὸ πλοῖον καὶ καταδύσουσι. δʹ. Ταῦτα λέγω, οὐχὶ πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος ὑμῶν ἀπεχθῶς ἔχων, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος πάντας εἶναι δοκίμους, καὶ μὴ τῷ πλήθει θαῤῥεῖν. Πολλῷ πλείους εἰσὶν οἱ εἰς τὴν γέενναν εἰσιόντες· ἀλλὰ μείζων αὐτῆς ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία, κἂν ὀλίγους ἔχῃ. Ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης ἦν τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀλλ' εἷς ἔσωσεν αὐτούς. Εἷς ἦν ὁ Μωϋσῆς, καὶ πάντων μείζονα ἴσχυσεν· εἷς ἦν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ τῶν ἑξακοσίων χιλιάδων πλέον ἠδυνήθη. Μὴ τοῦτο σπουδάζωμεν, ὅπως πολλοὶ γένοιντο μόνον, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τούτου, ὅπως δόκιμοι· ὅταν τοῦτο κατασκευασθῇ, τότε κἀκεῖνο. Οὐδεὶς οἰκίαν εὐρύχωρον πρῶτον βούλεται ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον ἰσχυρὰν καὶ δόκιμον, καὶ τότε εὐρύχωρον· οὐδεὶς βάλλει θεμέλια, ἵνα καταγελασθῇ. Πρῶτον τοῦτο ζητῶμεν, καὶ τότε ἐκεῖνο. Τούτου ὄντος, εὔκολον κἀκεῖνο ἔσται· ἐκείνου δὲ οὐκ ὄντος, τοῦτο κἂν ᾖ, οὐδὲν ὄφελος. Ὄντων μὲν γὰρ τῶν δυναμένων ἐν Ἐκκλησίᾳ λάμψαι, ταχέως ἔσται καὶ