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Fasting is a good thing; it is not confined by a limit. When it was necessary to ordain, then they fast; and to them fasting, the Spirit spoke. But fasting is not only this, but also to abstain from luxury is a form of fasting. This much only do I command: do not fast, but abstain from luxury. Let us seek nourishment, not corrup 60.207 tion; let us seek nourishment, not causes of diseases, of diseases both of soul and of body; let us seek food that has pleasure, not luxury full of unpleasantness; this is luxury, that is ruin; this is pleasure, that is pain; this is according to nature, that is contrary to nature. For tell me, if someone gave you hemlock to drink, was it not contrary to nature? If someone gave you wood and stones, would you not have turned away? Rightly so; for it is contrary to nature. Such also is luxury. For just as when a siege occurs in a city, a great clamor and disturbance arises when the enemies rush in; so it happens in the soul, when wine and luxury rush in. To whom woe, to whom clamors, to whom unpleasantness and babblings, to whom judgment? Is it not to those who linger over wine? Whose are the bruised eyes? But indeed, whatever we may say, we shall not turn away those occupied with luxury, unless we set another passion against it. And first, let our discourse be to the women. Nothing is more shameful than a luxurious woman, nothing more shameful than a drunken one; the flower of her countenance is dimmed, the calm and gentle look of her eyes is clouded, as if some cloud had run under the sun's rays. The thing is illiberal and servile, and full of all ignobility. How unpleasant is a woman reeking of fragrant, rotten wine; belching the juice of corrupted meats, weighed down and unable to stand up, being redder than is necessary, full of yawning and much mistiness? But she who abstains from luxury is not such; but is venerable and sober-minded and beautiful. For indeed the condition of the soul adds much beauty to the body. For do not suppose this happens only from physical features. Give me a beautiful maiden, who is disturbed, talkative, abusive, drunken, extravagant, and see if she has not become uglier than any shameful thing? But if she were ashamed, if she were silent, if she learned to blush, if she learned to speak with measure, if she had been at leisure for fasts; her beauty is twofold, her comeliness greater, her countenance more desirable, full of soberness and orderliness. Do you wish that we now speak also about men? What is more shameful than a drunken man? He is a laughingstock to his servants, a laughingstock to his enemies, pitied by his friends, worthy of ten thousand condemnations, he is a beast rather than a man; for to eat much belongs to the leopard, and the lion, and the bear. Rightly so; for they do not have a rational soul. And yet even they, having eaten more than is necessary and than the measure defined for them by nature, have corrupted their whole body; how much more so then shall we? For this reason God has confined our stomach to a small space; for this reason He has defined a small measure of food, so that He might teach us to care for the soul. 3. Let us consider our very own constitution, and we shall see one part in us having this activity. For our mouth and tongue have been set apart for hymns, the throat for the voice. For this reason also, the necessity of nature has bound us, so that we may not even unwillingly fall into much trouble. Since if luxury had no pains, nor diseases and sicknesses, it would have been tolerable; but now nature has set boundaries for you, so that you may not transgress even if you wish. Do you not seek pleasure, beloved? This you will find from self-sufficiency. Not health? This too; not freedom from care? this too; not freedom? not strength of body, not good condition, not sobriety of soul, not alertness? thus all good things are here; but in 60.208 that other, the opposites: unpleasantness, bad condition, disease, servility, expense. Whence then, he says, do we all run to this? From disease. For tell me, why does the sick person seek what is harmful? Is not this very thing a sign of being sick? Why does the lame person not walk straight? Is not this very thing from laziness and from not wanting to go to the physician? For of things, some have a temporary pleasure, but an everlasting punishment;

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νηστεία ἀγαθόν· οὐχ ὅρῳ περιορίζεται. Ὅτε χειροτονεῖν ἔδει, τότε νηστεύουσι· καὶ νηστεύουσιν αὐτοῖς εἶπε τὸ Πνεῦμα. Ἡ νηστεία δὲ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τρυφῆς ἀπέχεσθαι, νηστείας εἶδός ἐστι. Τοσοῦτον ἐπιτάττω μόνον ἐγώ· μὴ νηστεύσητε, ἀλλὰ τρυφῆς ἀπέχεσθε. Τροφὰς ζητῶμεν, μὴ διαφθο 60.207 ράν· τροφὰς ζητῶμεν, μὴ νόσων ὑποθέσεις, νόσων καὶ ψυχικῶν καὶ σωματικῶν· τροφὴν ζητῶμεν ἡδονὴν ἔχουσαν, μὴ τρυφὴν ἀηδίας γέμουσαν· τοῦτο τρυφὴ, ἐκεῖνο λύμη· τοῦτο ἡδονὴ, ἐκεῖνο πόνος· τοῦτο κατὰ φύσιν, ἐκεῖνο παρὰ φύσιν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις ἔδωκέ σοι κώνειον πιεῖν, οὐχὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἦν; εἴ τις ξύλα καὶ λίθους, οὐκ ἂν ἀπεστράφης; Εἰκότως· παρὰ φύσιν γάρ ἐστι. Τοιοῦτον καὶ ἡ τρυφή. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐν πόλει πολιορκίας γενομένης πολὺς θόρυβος γίνεται καὶ τάραχος τῶν πολεμίων ἐπεισελθόντων· οὕτως ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γίνεται, οἴνου καὶ τρυφῆς ἐπεισελθούσης. Τίνι οὐαὶ, τίνι θόρυβοι, τίνι ἀηδίαι καὶ λέσχαι, τίνι κρίσις; οὐχὶ τοῖς ἐγχρονίζουσιν ἐν οἴνοις; Τίνος πελιδινοὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοί; Ἀλλὰ γὰρ, ὅσα ἂν εἴπωμεν, οὐκ ἀποστήσομεν τοὺς περὶ τὴν τρυφὴν ἀπησχολημένους, ἂν μὴ πρὸς ἕτερον ἀντιστήσωμεν τὸ πάθος. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν πρὸς τὰς γυναῖκας ἡμῖν ἔστω ὁ λόγος. Οὐδὲν αἰσχρότερον γυναικὸς τρυφώσης, οὐδὲν αἰσχρότερον μεθυούσης· ἀμαυροῦται αὐτῆς τὸ τῆς ὄψεως ἄνθος, θολοῦται τὸ γαληνὸν καὶ ἥμερον τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, οἱονεὶ νεφέλης τινὸς ἀκτῖνας ὑποδραμούσης ἡλιακάς. Ἀνελεύθερον τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ δουλικὸν, καὶ πάσης δυσγενείας ἀνάμεστον. Πῶς ἐστιν ἀηδὴς οἴνου ἀποπνέουσα γυνὴ ὀδωδότος, σεσηπότος· ἐρευγομένη κρεῶν διεφθορότων χυμὸν, βεβαρημένη καὶ διαναστῆναι μὴ δυναμένη, ἐρυθρὰ οὖσα τοῦ δέοντος πλέον, χάσμης γέμουσα καὶ ἀχλύος πολλῆς; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκείνη ἡ τρυφῆς ἀπεχομένη τοιαύτη· ἀλλὰ σεμνὴ καὶ σώφρων καὶ εὔμορφος. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ σώματι πολὺ περιτίθησι κάλλος τῆς ψυχῆς ἡ κατάστασις. Μὴ γὰρ δὴ νομίσῃς ἀπὸ τῶν σωματικῶν τύπων τοῦτο γίνεσθαι μόνον. ∆ὸς εὔμορφον κόρην, τεταραγμένην, λάλον, λοίδορον, μέθυσον, πολυτελῆ, εἰ μὴ πάσης αἰσχρᾶς δυσειδεστέρα καθέστηκεν; Εἰ δὲ αἰσχύνοιτο, εἰ δὲ σιγῴη, εἰ δὲ ἐρυθριᾷν μανθάνοι, εἰ δὲ φθέγγεσθαι συμμέτρως, εἰ δὲ νηστείαις ἐσχολακέναι· διπλοῦν τὸ κάλλος, πλείων ἡ ὥρα, ποθεινοτέρα ἡ ὄψις, σωφροσύνης γέμουσα καὶ κοσμιότητος. Βούλει λοιπὸν καὶ περὶ ἀνδρῶν εἴπωμεν; Τί τοῦ μεθύοντος αἰσχρότερον; Καταγέλαστος οἰκέταις, καταγέλαστος ἐχθροῖς, ἐλεεινὸς παρὰ φίλοις, μυρίας καταγνώσεως ἄξιος, θηρίον ἐστὶ μᾶλλον ἢ ἄνθρωπος· τὸ γὰρ πολλὰ σιτεῖσθαι, παρδάλεως, καὶ λέοντος, καὶ ἄρκτου ἐστίν. Εἰκότως· οὐ γὰρ ἔχουσιν ἐκεῖνα ψυχὴν λογικήν. Καὶ μὴν κἀκεῖνα πλέον τοῦ δέοντος καὶ τοῦ μέτρου τοῦ παρὰ τῆς φύσεως αὐτοῖς ὡρισμένου σιτισθέντα, διέφθειρε τὸ πᾶν σῶμα· πόσῳ οὖν μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἡμῖν εἰς μικρὸν συνέστειλε τὴν γαστέρα ὁ Θεός· διὰ τοῦτο ὀλίγον μέτρον ὥρισε τροφῆς, ἵνα παιδεύσῃ ψυχῆς ἐπιμελεῖσθαι. γʹ. Καταμάθωμεν αὐτὴν τὴν κατασκευὴν τὴν ἡμετέραν, καὶ ὀψόμεθα ἓν μόριον ἐν ἡμῖν ταύτην ἔχον τὴν ἐνέργειαν. Τὸ στόμα γὰρ ἡμῶν καὶ ἡ γλῶττα πρὸς ὕμνους ἀφώρισται, ὁ φάρυγξ πρὸς φωνήν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀνάγκη τῆς φύσεως ἡμᾶς ἐγκατέδησεν, ἵνα μηδὲ ἄκοντες ἐμπίπτωμεν εἰς πολλὴν πραγματείαν. Ὡς εἴ γε ἡ τρυφὴ πόνους μὴ εἶχε, μηδὲ νόσους καὶ ἀῤῥωστίας, φορητὸν ἦν· νῦν δέ σοι τέθεικεν ὁροθέσια τῆς φύσεως, ἵνα μηδὲ βουλόμενος ὑπερβαίνῃς. Οὐχ ἡδονὴν ζητεῖς, ἀγαπητέ; Τοῦτο παρὰ τῆς αὐταρκείας εὑρήσεις. Οὐχ ὑγείαν; καὶ τοῦτο· οὐχὶ ἀμεριμνίαν; καὶ τοῦτο· οὐχὶ ἐλευθερίαν; οὐχὶ ῥῶσιν σώματος, οὐχὶ εὐεξίαν, οὐχὶ νῆψιν ψυχῆς, οὐχὶ διέγερσιν; οὕτω πάντα τὰ καλὰ ἐνταῦθα· ἐν 60.208 ἐκείνῃ δὲ τὰ ἐναντία, ἀηδία, καχεξία, νόσος, ἀνελευθερία, δαπάνη. Πόθεν οὖν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ ταύτην τρέχομεν ἅπαντες; Ἀπὸ νόσου. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, διὰ τί τὸ βλάπτον ὁ νοσῶν ἐπιζητεῖ; οὐχὶ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τοῦ νοσεῖν σημεῖόν ἐστι; ∆ιὰ τί ὁ χωλὸς μὴ ὀρθὰ βαδίζει; αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας καὶ τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι παρὰ τὸν ἰατρὸν ἰέναι; Τῶν γὰρ πραγμάτων τὰ μὲν πρόσκαιρον ἡδονὴν ἔχει, διηνεκῆ δὲ τὴν κόλασιν·