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Our forefathers built the churches for us, not so that, having gathered us from our own homes, they might show us to one another; for this could also happen in the marketplace and in the baths and in a procession; but so that, having gathered students and teachers together, they might make the former better through the latter. Our affairs have become mere law and devotion; the matter is now a habit. Easter came, great was the tumult, great the confusion; for I would not say many were the people, for this is not of people. The festival departed, the tumult is cut short, but the quiet is again fruitless. How many all-night vigils and sacred hymns? And what is the gain? Worse, indeed; for many do this even out of vainglory. How do you think I am cut to the heart, seeing everything going as if into a pierced jar? But you will surely say to me, "We know the Scriptures." And what of that? If you demonstrate them through your works, this is the profit, this is the benefit. The church is a dyer's shop; if you always depart having received no dye, what is the use of continually coming here? For the harm is greater. Who has added to the laws which he received from his fathers? I mean something like this: a certain person has the custom of making a memorial for his mother, or his wife, or his child; he does this whether he hears from us or not, drawn by habit and conscience. "Are you therefore vexed for this reason?" he says. By no means, but I rejoice very much; but I would wish that he might also reap some benefit from our discourse, and that what habit has done, this might also come from us, and that another habit might be introduced; since why do I labor in vain and speak nonsense, if you are to remain in the same state, if the assemblies work no good for you? 4. Yes, he says, we pray. And what of that, if it be without works? Hear Christ saying: "Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven." Many times I have decided to be silent, seeing that no addition is being made to you from our words; or perhaps it is happening, but I, from insatiability and great desire, suffer the same thing as those who are mad for money. For just as they, whatever they may get, consider that they have nothing; so also I, since I greatly long for your salvation, until I see that you have made progress, consider that I have accomplished nothing, because I greatly desire for you to come to the very summit. I would wish that this were the case, and that this were due to my passion, and not to your carelessness; but I fear that I am guessing correctly. For you ought to be persuaded that if there had been any benefit in so long a time, it would have been necessary for us to stop speaking by now. Thus you would not have needed words, those already spoken having been so sufficiently spoken, that you could also instruct others, if indeed any benefit accrued to you in our absence. But that we have a necessity for continuous discourse is a proof of nothing else 60.219 than that your affairs are not very precisely arranged. What then is to be done? For it is not right only to make accusations. I exhort and beseech you not to look to this only, that you enter into the church, but that you also depart homeward having received some medicine for your own passions, and if not from us, then from the Scriptures you may have the appropriate remedies. For example, is someone ill-tempered? Let him pay attention to the readings of the Scriptures, and he will certainly find either in history or in exhortation; in exhortation, when it is said, "The sway of his anger is his downfall;" and, "An angry man is not graceful," and things like that; and again, "A talkative man will not be guided aright;" and Christ again, "He who is angry with his brother without a cause;" and again the prophet, "Be angry, and do not sin;" and, "Cursed be their anger, for it is stubborn." And in histories, for instance when you hear of Pharaoh being filled with much wrath, and the Assyrian, and for this reason being destroyed. Again, is someone overcome by money? let him hear, that "Nothing is more wicked than a lover of money; for this man makes even his own soul an object of sale;" and of Christ saying, "You cannot serve God and mammon;" and of the Apostle, that

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πρόγονοι τὰς ἐκκλησίας ἡμῖν ᾠκοδόμησαν, οὐχ ἵνα ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων συναγαγόντες ἡμᾶς ἀλλήλοις δεικνύωσι· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ καὶ ἐν βαλανείοις καὶ ἐν πομπῇ γένοιτο ἄν· ἀλλ' ἵνα μαθητὰς ὁμοῦ καὶ διδασκάλους συναγαγόντες, βελτίους τούτους δι' ἐκείνων ἐργάσωνται. Νόμος ἁπλῶς καὶ ἀφοσίωσις γέγονε τὰ ἡμέτερα· συνήθεια τὸ πρᾶγμα λοιπόν ἐστιν. Ἦλθε τὸ Πάσχα, πολὺς ὁ θόρυβος, πολλὴ ἡ ταραχή· οὐ γὰρ ἂν εἴποιμι πολλοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι· τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ ἀνθρώπων. Ἀπῆλθεν ἡ ἑορτὴ, ὁ μὲν θόρυβος ὑποτέμνεται, ἡσυχία δὲ πάλιν ἄκαρπος. Παννυχίδες πόσαι καὶ ὑμνῳδίαι ἱεραί; Καὶ τί τὸ πλέον; Χεῖρον μὲν οὖν· πολλοὶ καὶ διὰ κενοδοξίαν τοῦτο ἐργάζονται. Πῶς οἴεσθε κόπτομαι τὰ σπλάγχνα, καθάπερ εἰς πίθον τετρημένον πάντα προχωροῦντα ὁρῶν; Ἀλλὰ πάντως ἐρεῖτέ μοι, ὅτε τὰς Γραφὰς ἴσμεν. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Ἂν διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτὰς ἐπιδεικνύητε, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ κέρδος, αὕτη ἡ ὠφέλεια. Βαφεῖον ἡ ἐκκλησία ἐστίν· ἂν διαπαντὸς ἀπίητε μηδεμίαν δεχόμενοι βαφὴν, τί τὸ ὄφελος τοῦ συνεχῶς ἐνταῦθα ἰέναι; Μείζων μὲν γὰρ ἡ βλάβη. Τίς τοῖς νόμοις προσέθηκεν, οἷς ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων ἐδέξατο; Οἷόν τι λέγω· ἔθος ὁ δεῖνα ἔχει ποιεῖν τὴν ἀνάμνησιν τῆς μητρὸς, ἢ τῆς γυναικὸς, ἢ τοῦ παιδίου· τοῦτο ποιεῖ κἄν τε ἀκούῃ, κἄν τε μὴ ἀκούῃ παρ' ἡμῶν, ὑπὸ τῆς συνηθείας καὶ τοῦ συνειδότος ἑλκόμενος. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὖν ἀγανακτεῖς, φησί; Μὴ γένοιτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ χαίρω· ἐβουλόμην δὲ αὐτόν τι καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας καρπώσασθαι διαλέξεως, καὶ ὅπερ ἡ συνήθεια ἐποίησε, τοῦτο καὶ ἀφ' ἡμῶν γενέσθαι, καὶ ἑτέραν ἐπεισαχθῆναι συνήθειαν· ἐπεὶ τί κόπτομαι εἰκῆ καὶ ληρῶ, εἰ μέλλοιτε ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν μένειν, εἰ μηδὲν αἱ συνάξεις εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐργάζονται ἀγαθόν; δʹ. Ναὶ, φησὶν, εὐχόμεθα. Καὶ τί τοῦτο, ἂν ᾖ χωρὶς ἔργων; Ἄκουε τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος· Οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων μοι, Κύριε, Κύριε, εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἀλλ' ὁ ποιῶν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Πολλάκις ἔγνων ἐγὼ σιγῆσαι, μηδεμίαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡμετέρων λόγων προσθήκην ὑμῖν ἐγγινομένην ὁρῶν· ἢ τάχα γίνεται μὲν, ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀπληστίας καὶ πολλῆς ἐπιθυμίας ταὐτὸν πάσχω τοῖς περὶ τὰ χρήματα μαινομένοις. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι, ὅσα ἂν περιβάλωνται, οὐδὲν ἡγοῦνται ἔχειν· οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς, ἐπειδὴ σφόδρα τῆς ὑμετέρας ἐφίεμαι σωτηρίας, ἕως ἂν ἴδω προκεκοφότας ὑμᾶς, οὐδὲν ἡγοῦμαι εἰργάσθαι, διὰ τὸ σφόδρα ἐπιθυμεῖν πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν κορυφὴν ὑμᾶς ἐλθεῖν. Βουλοίμην ἂν τοῦτο εἶναι, καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πάθους εἶναι τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ μὴ τῆς ὑμετέρας ῥᾳθυμίας· δέδοικα δὲ μήποτε καλῶς στοχάζωμαι. Πεπεῖσθαι γὰρ ὀφείλετε, ὅτι εἴ τις ἐγένετο ὠφέλεια ἐν τοσούτῳ χρόνῳ, παύσασθαι λοιπὸν ἡμᾶς λέγοντας ἔδει. Οὕτως οὐκ ἔδει ῥημάτων ὑμῖν, τῶν ἤδη λεχθέντων οὕτως ἱκανῶς εἰρημένων, ὡς καὶ ἄλλους δύνασθαι ῥυθμίζειν, εἴ γε ἀπόντων ὠφέλειά τις ὑμῖν προσεγίνετο. Τὸ δὲ ἀνάγκην ἡμᾶς ἔχειν συνεχοῦς διαλέξεως, οὐδενὸς 60.219 ἄλλου τεκμήριόν ἐστιν, ἢ τοῦ τὰ ὑμέτερα μὴ σφόδρα διακεῖσθαι ἀκριβῶς. Τί οὖν ἂν γένοιτο; οὐ γὰρ ἐγκαλεῖν δεῖ μόνον. Παρακαλῶ καὶ δέομαι μὴ τοῦτο μόνον ὁρᾷν, ὅπως εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐμβάλλητε, ἀλλ' ὅπως τι καὶ λαβόντες οἴκαδε ἀναχωρῆτε τῶν οἰκείων φάρμακον παθῶν, κἂν μὴ παρ' ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τῶν Γραφῶν ἔχητε τὰ κατάλληλα φάρμακα. Οἷον, ἔστι τις θυμικός; Προσεχέτω ταῖς τῶν Γραφῶν ἀναγνώσεσι, καὶ πάντως εὑρήσει ἢ ἐν ἱστορίᾳ ἢ παραινέσει· ἐν παραινέσει μὲν, ὅταν λέγηται, Ἡ ῥοπὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ πτῶσις αὐτῷ· καὶ, Ἀνὴρ θυμώδης οὐκ εὐσχήμων, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα· καὶ πάλιν, Ἀνὴρ γλωσσώδης οὐ κατευθυνθήσεται· καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πάλιν, Ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ εἰκῆ· καὶ πάλιν ὁ προφήτης, Ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε· καὶ, Ἐπικατάρατος ὁ θυμὸς αὐτῶν, ὅτι αὐθάδης. Ἐν δὲ ἱστορίαις, οἷον ὅταν ἀκούῃς τὸν Φαραὼ πολλῆς ἐμπεπλησμένον ὀργῆς, καὶ τὸν Ἀσσύριον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀπολλυμένους. Πάλιν ἔστι τις ἡττώμενος χρημάτων; ἀκουέτω, ὅτι Φιλαργύρου οὐδὲν ἀνομώτερον· οὗτος γὰρ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἔκπρακτον ποιεῖ· καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος, Οὐ δύνασθε Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ· καὶ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου, Ὅτι