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Do you think, because you teach through words? But it is easy to philosophize in words; teach me through your life; this teaching is best. You say that one must be moderate, and you stretch out a long speech about this, and you orate flowing without hindrance? But he is better than you, he says, who teaches me this through deeds. For lessons are not so accustomed to be placed in the soul from words, as from deeds; since if you do not have the deed, not only have you not helped by speaking, but you have also harmed more greatly. It is better to be silent. Why? Because you make the matter impossible for me. For I consider that if you who say so many things do not succeed, much more am I worthy of pardon, who say nothing. For this reason the prophet says: But to the sinner God said: "Why do you declare my statutes?" For this is the greater harm, when one teaching well through words, wars against his teaching through his deeds. This has become the cause of many evils in the Churches. For this reason also, forgive me, I ask, that my discourse lingers on this affliction. Many people do many things for the sake of standing in the midst and stretching out a long speech; and if they receive applause from the crowd, this becomes for them equal to a kingdom; but if they end their speech in silence, the despondency from the silence becomes for them, I suppose, more grievous than Gehenna. This has overturned the Churches, that you too do not seek to hear a discourse that inspires compunction, but one that is able to delight both by the sound and the composition of its words, as if listening to singers and cithara players; and we act coldly and wretchedly, because we follow your desires, when we ought to cut them out. 60.226 4. And the same thing happens, as if some father of an overly soft child, though he is sick, should give him cake and cold drink and whatever only gives pleasure, but should take no care for useful things; then being accused by the doctors, he should defend himself, saying: What am I to do? I cannot bear to see the child crying. Wretched and miserable man and traitor! For I would not call such a one a father; and how much better to grieve him for a short time and deliver him to lifelong health, than to make this temporary gratification the cause of perpetual despondency? This we also suffer, elaborating on beauties of diction and compositions and harmony, so that we may please, not so that we may profit; so that we may be admired, not so that we may teach; so that we may delight, not so that we may move to compunction; so that we may be applauded and depart having received praise, not so that we may regulate morals. Believe me, I speak no differently, whenever I am applauded while speaking, at that very moment I suffer something human (for what would one not say that is true)?; and I am gladdened, and I am elated; but whenever I go away home and reflect that those who applauded have profited nothing, but if there was anything to be profited, they have lost it because of the applause and the praises, I am pained and groan and weep, and I am disposed as if I have said everything in vain, and I say to myself: What is the benefit of my labors to me, when the listeners are not willing to reap any fruit from our words? and often I have considered laying down a law forbidding applause, and persuading you to listen in silence and with becoming good order. But bear with me, I ask, and be persuaded by me, and if it seems good, let us ratify this law now, that it be permitted to none of the listeners to applaud while someone is speaking, but if he should wish to admire, let him admire in silence; no one forbids it, but let all earnestness and eagerness be about receiving what is said. Why did you applaud? I am laying down the law about this; but you do not even bear to hear it. This will be the cause of many good things, and a school of philosophy. And the pagan philosophers used to discourse, and nowhere did any applause follow them; and the apostles spoke publicly, and nowhere is it added that while they were speaking, the listeners interrupted the speaker with applause. This is a great gain for us. But let us ratify this; let us all listen in quietness, and let us say all things. For if after the applause we went away having what we heard, it would certainly not even so be

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φρονεῖς; ὅτι διδάσκεις διὰ λόγων; Ἀλλ' εὔκολον τοῦτο τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν ἐν ῥήμασι· δίδαξόν με διὰ τοῦ βίου τοῦ σοῦ· αὕτη ἡ διδασκαλία ἀρίστη. Λέγεις, ὅτι δεῖ μετριάζειν, καὶ μακρὸν ὑπὲρ τούτου λόγον ἀποτείνεις, καὶ ῥητορεύεις ῥέων ἀκωλύτως; Ἀλλὰ σοῦ βελτίων ἐκεῖνος, φησὶν, ὁ δι' ἔργων τοῦτο παιδεύων ἐμέ. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως εἴωθεν ἐντίθεσθαι τῇ ψυχῇ τὰ μαθήματα ἀπὸ ῥημάτων, ὡς ἀπὸ πραγμάτων· ἐπεὶ ἐὰν μὴ τὸ ἔργον ἔχῃς, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ὠφέλησας εἰπὼν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μειζόνως ἔβλαψας. Βέλτιον σιγᾷν. ∆ιὰ τί; Ὅτι ἀδύνατόν μοι τὸ πρᾶγμα καθιστᾷς. Ἐννοῶ γὰρ, ὅτι εἰ σὺ ὁ τοσαῦτα λέγων οὐ κατορθοῖς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐγὼ συγγνώμης ἄξιος, λέγων μηδένα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν ὁ προφήτης· Τῷ δὲ ἁμαρτωλῷ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· Ἵνα τί σὺ ἐκδιηγῇ τὰ δικαιώματά μου; Μείζων γὰρ αὕτη ἡ βλάβη, ὅταν καλῶς διδάσκων τις διὰ ῥημάτων, διὰ τῶν ἔργων πολεμῇ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ. Τοῦτο πολλῶν αἴτιον γέγονε κακῶν ἐν ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ σύγγνωτε, παρακαλῶ, τοῦ λόγου χρονίζοντος ἡμῖν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πάθει. Πολλὰ πολλοὶ πράττουσιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ εἰς μέσον στάντες μακρὸν ἀποτείνειν λόγον· κἂν μὲν κρότων τύχωσι τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους, γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τοῦτο βασιλείας ἴσον· ἂν δὲ μετὰ σιγῆς τὸν λόγον καταπαύσωσι, γεέννης δή που μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς χαλεπωτέρα κατέστη τῆς σιγῆς ἡ ἀθυμία. Τοῦτο τὰς Ἐκκλησίας ἀνέτρεψεν, ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς οὐ ζητεῖτε λόγον ἀκοῦσαι κατανυκτικὸν, ἀλλὰ τέρψαι δυνάμενον καὶ τῷ ψόφῳ καὶ τῇ συνθέσει τῶν ῥημάτων, καθάπερ μελῳδῶν καὶ κιθαριστῶν ἀκούοντες· καὶ ἡμεῖς ψυχρῶς καὶ ταλαιπώρως ποιοῦντες, ὅτι ταῖς ὑμετέραις ἐπιθυμίαις ἑπόμεθα, δέον ἐκκόπτειν ταύτας. 60.226 δʹ. Καὶ ταὐτὸν γίνεται, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις πατὴρ πέρα τοῦ δέοντος μαλθακοῦ παιδίου, καίτοι ἀῤῥωστοῦντος, πλακοῦντα ἐπιδῷ καὶ ψυχρὸν καὶ ὅσα τέρπει μόνον, τῶν δὲ χρησίμων μηδεμίαν ἐπιμέλειαν ποιοῖτο· εἶτα ἐγκαλούμενος παρὰ τῶν ἰατρῶν, ἀπολογοῖτο λέγων· Τί πάθω; οὐκ ἀνέχομαι κλαῖον τὸ παιδίον ἰδεῖν. Ἄθλιε καὶ ταλαίπωρε καὶ προδότα· οὐ γὰρ ἂν πατέρα τὸν τοιοῦτον εἴποιμι· καὶ πόσῳ βέλτιον ἐν βραχεῖ λυπήσαντα, διαπαντὸς ὑγιείᾳ παραδοῦναι, ἢ τὴν πρόσκαιρον ταύτην χάριν, διηνεκοῦς ἀθυμίας ὑπόθεσιν ποιήσασθαι; Τοῦτο πάσχομεν καὶ ἡμεῖς, κάλλη λέξεων περιεργαζόμενοι καὶ συνθήκας καὶ ἁρμονίαν ὅπως ἥσωμεν, οὐχ ὅπως ὠφελήσωμεν· ὅπως θαυμασθῶμεν, οὐχ ὅπως διδάξωμεν· ὅπως τέρψωμεν, οὐχ ὅπως κατανύξωμεν· ὅπως κροτηθῶμεν καὶ ἐπαίνου τυχόντες ἀπέλθωμεν, οὐχ ὅπως τὰ ἤθη ῥυθμίσωμεν. Πιστεύσατέ μοι, οὐκ ἄλλως λέγω, ἐπειδὰν λέγων κροτῶμαι, παρ' αὐτὸν μὲν τὸν καιρὸν ἀνθρώπινόν τι πάσχω (τί γὰρ οὐκ ἄν τις εἴποι τὸ ἀληθές); καὶ γάννυμαι, καὶ διαχέομαι· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀπελθὼν οἴκαδε ἐννοήσω τοὺς κροτήσαντας οὐδὲν ὠφεληθέντας, ἀλλ' εἴ τι καὶ ὠφεληθῆναι ἔδει, ὑπὸ τοῦ κρότου καὶ τῶν ἐπαίνων ἀπολωλεκότας, ὀδυνῶμαι καὶ στένω καὶ δακρύω, καὶ ὡς εἰκῆ πάντα εἰρηκὼς, οὕτω διάκειμαι, καὶ πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν λέγω· Τί μοὶ τὸ ὄφελος τῶν ἱδρώτων, τῶν ἀκουόντων οὐκ ἐθελόντων καρποῦσθαί τι παρὰ τῶν λόγων τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν; καὶ πολλάκις ἐνενόησα θεῖναι νόμον τὸν κωλύοντα τοὺς κρότους, καὶ πείθοντα μετὰ σιγῆς ὑμᾶς ἀκροᾶσθαι καὶ τῆς προσηκούσης εὐταξίας. Ἀλλὰ ἀνάσχεσθε, παρακαλῶ, καὶ πείσθητέ μοι, καὶ εἰ δοκεῖ, τοῦτον κυρώσωμεν τὸν νόμον ἤδη, μηδενὶ τῶν ἀκουόντων ἐξεῖναι κροτεῖν μεταξὺ λέγοντός τινος, ἀλλ' εἰ βούλοιτο θαυμάζειν, θαυμαζέτω σιγῇ· οὐδεὶς ὁ κωλύων, πᾶσα δὲ ἡ σπουδὴ καὶ ἡ προθυμία περὶ τὸ δέχεσθαι τὰ λεγόμενα γινέσθω. ∆ιὰ τί ἐκροτήσατε; Περὶ τούτου τὸν νόμον τίθημι· ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ ἀκοῦσαι ἀνέχεσθε. Πολλῶν τοῦτο ἀγαθῶν αἴτιον ἔσται, καὶ διδασκάλειον φιλοσοφίας. Καὶ οἱ τῶν ἔξω φιλόσοφοι διελέγοντο, καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐδαμοῦ κρότος αὐτοῖς εἵπετο· καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἐδημηγόρουν, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτο πρόσκειται, ὅτι μεταξὺ λεγόντων ἐκείνων τοῖς κρότοις διέκοπτον οἱ ἀκούοντες τὸν λέγοντα. Μέγα τοῦτο κέρδος ἡμῖν. Ἀλλὰ κυρώσωμεν τοῦτο· μεθ' ἡσυχίας πάντες ἀκούωμεν, καὶ λέγωμεν ἅπαντα. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τοὺς κρότους ἀπῄειμεν ἔχοντες ἅπερ ἠκούσαμεν, μάλιστα μὲν οὐδὲ οὕτω