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though not farmers, to be busy about, both the nature of plants, and the nature of gold, although not merchants, and about clothes, and about 60.238 all things; but about ourselves and our own nature, never to endure to do this. And who, he says, is ignorant of his own nature? Many; and perhaps all except a few; and if you wish, from this point I will make the proof. For tell me, what is man? If someone were asked, In what way does he differ from the irrational animals, how is he akin to those in heaven, what can come from a human being? will he not be able to answer straightway? I do not think so. For just as with some material, so also with man, the underlying substance is man; but he can become both an angel and a beast. Does not this saying seem strange? And yet you have often heard it in the Scriptures. For concerning certain men it was said, that he is an Angel of the Lord; and from his lips, it says, they shall seek judgment; and again, I send my angel before your face; but concerning others, You serpents, you brood of vipers. Therefore it all depends on the users that he can become both angel, and man. What am I saying, an angel? Even a child of God; For I have said, he says, You are gods, and all of you are children of the Most High. And what is greater, that to become both a god and an angel and a child of God, he himself has been entrusted with the power. And man is the creator of an angel. Perhaps the saying has disturbed you? But hear Christ saying: In the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are as angels; and again, He that is able to receive it, let him receive it. In a word, virtue makes angels; and of this we are masters; therefore we are able to create angels, if not in nature, yet in will. For when this is absent, there is no benefit in being an angel by nature; and the devil, who was this before, shows it; but when this is present, it is no harm to be a human by nature; and John, being a man, shows this, and Elijah who ascended into heaven, and all who are to depart thither. For these with a body were not prevented from dwelling in heaven; but those, being bodiless, were not able to remain in heaven. Let no one therefore grieve nor be indignant against his nature as being an impediment, but against his will. That one became a lion from being bodiless; for behold, he says, Our adversary as a roaring lion walks about, seeking whom he may devour; we become angels from having bodies. For just as if someone, finding a precious material, not being a craftsman, should despise it, he will be greatly harmed, such as either pearls, or a purple-fish, or some other such thing; so indeed we too, if we are ignorant of our own nature, will greatly despise it; but if we know it, we will show great earnestness, and will reap the greatest fruits. For from this a royal garment is made, from this a royal house is made, from this royal members are made; all things are royal. Let us not then abuse our own nature to our harm. He has made us a little lower than the angels, I mean, by death; but even this little thing we have received back. There is therefore nothing to hinder us from becoming near to angels, if we wish. Let us therefore wish, let us wish, and having disciplined ourselves let us send up glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

60.239 HOMILY 33. And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me. Simeon has declared how

God at the first did visit to take out of the Gentiles a people for his name. And to this agree the words of the prophets.

a. This man was bishop of the Church in Jerusalem; for this reason he also

speaks later; and the saying, In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established, here

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οὐκ ὄντας γεωργοὺς, πολυπραγμονεῖν, καὶ ὑπὲρ φύσεως φυτῶν, καὶ ὑπὲρ φύσεως χρυσοῦ, καίτοι οὐκ ὄντας ἐμπόρους, καὶ ὑπὲρ ἱματίων, καὶ ὑπὲρ 60.238 πάντων· ὑπὲρ δὲ ἡμῶν καὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως μηδέποτε ἀνέχεσθαι τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Καὶ τίς ἀγνοεῖ, φησὶ, τὴν οἰκείαν φύσιν; Πολλοί· τάχα δὲ πάντες πλὴν ὀλίγων· καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε, ἐντεῦθεν ποιήσω τὸν ἔλεγχον. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος; Εἴ τις ἐρωτηθείη, Τίνι τῶν ἀλόγων διέστηκε, πῶς συγγενής ἐστι τῶν ἐν οὐρανῷ, τί δύναται ἐξ ἀνθρώπου γενέσθαι; μὴ δυνήσεται ἐξ εὐθείας ἀποκριθῆναι; Οὐκ ἔγωγε οἶμαι. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ ὕλης τινὸς, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου τὸ μὲν ὑποκείμενον ἄνθρωπος· δύναται δὲ γενέσθαι καὶ ἄγγελος καὶ θηρίον. Ἆρα οὐ δοκεῖ ξένος εἶναι ὁ λόγος οὗτος; Καίτοι πολλάκις αὐτὸν ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς ἠκούσατε. Περὶ μὲν γάρ τινων ἀνθρώπων ἐλέγετο, ὅτι Ἄγγελος Κυρίου ἐστί· καὶ ἐκ χειλέων, φησὶ, αὐτοῦ, ζητήσουσι κρίσιν· καὶ πάλιν· Ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου· περὶ δέ τινων, Ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν. Λοιπὸν δὴ παρὰ τοὺς χρωμένους τὸ πᾶν δύναται γενέσθαι καὶ ἄγγελος, καὶ ἄνθρωπος. Τί λέγω, ἄγγελος; Καὶ Θεοῦ τέκνον· Ἐγὼ γὰρ εἶπα, φησὶ, Θεοί ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου πάντες. Καὶ τὸ δὴ μεῖζον, ὅτι τοῦ γενέσθαι καὶ θεὸς καὶ ἄγγελος καὶ Θεοῦ τέκνον τὴν ἐξουσίαν αὐτὸς ἐγκεχείρισται. Καὶ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος ἀγγέλου δημιουργός. Τάχα ὑμᾶς ἐθορύβησε τὸ ῥῆμα; Ἀλλ' ἀκούετε τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος· Ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίσκονται, ἀλλ' εἰσὶν ὡς ἄγγελοι· καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ δυνάμενος χωρεῖν χωρείτω. Ὅλως δὲ ἡ ἀρετὴ ἀγγέλους ποιεῖ· ταύτης δὲ ἡμεῖς κύριοι· ἄρα ἀγγέλους δυνάμεθα δημιουργεῖν, κἂν μὴ τῇ φύσει, ἀλλὰ τῇ προαιρέσει. Ταύτης μὲν γὰρ ἀπούσης, οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἄγγελον εἶναι τὴν φύσιν· καὶ δηλοῖ ὁ διάβολος τοῦτο ὢν πρὸ τούτου· ταύτης δὲ παρούσης, οὐδὲν βλάβος ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὴν φύσιν· καὶ δηλοῖ Ἰωάννης ἄνθρωπος ὢν, καὶ Ἠλίας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνελθὼν, καὶ πάντες οἱ μέλλοντες ἀπιέναι ἐκεῖ. Οὗτοι μὲν γὰρ μετὰ σώματος οὐκ ἐκωλύθησαν τὸν οὐρανὸν οἰκεῖν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἀσώματοι ὄντες, οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν μεῖναι ἐν οὐρανῷ. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἀλγείτω μηδὲ ἀγανακτείτω πρὸς τὴν φύσιν ὡς ἐμποδίζουσαν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν προαίρεσιν. Λέων ἐκεῖνος ἐγένετο ἐξ ἀσωμάτου· Ἰδοὺ γὰρ, φησὶ, Ὁ ἐχθρὸς ἡμῶν ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος περιέρχεται, ζητῶν τίνα καταπίῃ· ἡμεῖς ἄγγελοι ἀπὸ σωμάτων. Καθάπερ γὰρ εἴ τις ὕλην εὑρὼν πολύτιμον, οὐκ ὢν τεχνίτης, ἂν καταφρονήσῃ ταύτης, μεγάλως ζημιωθήσεται, οἷον ἢ μαργαρίτας, ἢ κόχλον, ἢ ἕτερόν τι τοιοῦτον· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐὰν ἀγνοήσωμεν τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν, σφόδρα αὐτῆς καταφρονήσομεν· ἂν δὲ γνῶμεν, πολλὴν ἐπιδειξόμεθα σπουδὴν, καὶ τὰ μέγιστα καρπωσόμεθα. Ἀπὸ γὰρ ταύτης ἱμάτιον γίνεται βασιλικὸν, ἀπὸ ταύτης οἰκία γίνεται βασιλικὴ, ἀπὸ ταύτης μέλη γίνεται βασιλικά· πάντα βασιλικά. Μὴ δὴ καταχρησώμεθα εἰς βλάβην τῇ οἰκείᾳ φύσει. Βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους ἡμᾶς ἠλάττωσε, τῷ θανάτῳ λέγω· ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο ἀπειλήφαμεν τὸ βραχύ. Οὐδὲν οὖν τὸ κωλύον ἡμᾶς ἀγγέλων γενέσθαι ἐγγὺς, ἂν θέλωμεν. Θελήσωμεν τοίνυν, θελήσωμεν, καὶ ἐξασκήσαντες ἑαυτοὺς δόξαν ἀναπέμψωμεν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

60.239 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΓʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὸ σιγῆσαι αὐτοὺς, ἀπεκρίθη Ἰάκωβος, λέγων· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ, ἀκούσατέ μου. Συμεὼν ἐξηγήσατο καθὼς

πρῶτον ὁ Θεὸς ἐπεσκέψατο λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ Καὶ τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν.

αʹ. Ἐπίσκοπος ἦν τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις Ἐκκλησίας οὗτος· διὸ καὶ ὕστερος

λέγει· καὶ τὸ, Ἐπὶ στόματος δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα, ἐνταῦθα