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being dragged to justice? 3. I do not say this about those who are naturally so, but about those who have made their bodies such through luxurious living, concerning those who are naturally slender. The sun has risen, it has sent forth its bright rays everywhere, it has roused everyone to their tasks. The farmer takes his mattock and goes out, the coppersmith his hammer, and each of the artisans his proper tool, and you will find each one handling his own instruments; the woman her distaff or her weaving. But he, like a pig, goes out straight from the morning to pasture his belly, seeking how he might prepare a lavish table. And yet it is only for the brute beasts to be fed from the morning, since they are useful for nothing, but to be slaughtered. But those of them that are beasts of burden and undertake work also go out to their work from the night hours. But this man, having risen from his bed, when the sun has filled the marketplace, and all have had their fill of their own work, gets up stretching, just like a pig being fattened, having spent the best part of the day in darkness. Then he sits a long time upon his bed, often unable even to recover from the previous evening's drunkenness, having spent the greater part of the time in these things. Then he adorns himself, and goes forth a spectacle of unseemliness, having nothing of a man, but everything of a human-shaped beast. His eyes are moist, his mouth reeks of wine, his wretched soul as if cast upon a couch by the unmixed wine immoderately poured in, carrying about the bulk of his flesh like an elephant. Then coming he sits in places, and says and does such things, that it would be better for him to still be asleep than to be awake. If terrible things are announced, he becomes softer than any little girl; if good things, more vapid than any little boy; his face is full of yawning. He is set before all who wish to do evil, if not to men, then to the passions. And anger easily rouses such a man, and desire, and envy, and everything. All flatter him, all serve him, making his 60.257 soul softer than it is; and each day he goes forth, acquiring much of the disease. If he falls into a difficult situation, he becomes ashes and dust, and his silk garments help him not at all. These things have not been said by us without a purpose, but that we might teach no one to live idly or in vain. For idleness and luxury are unfit for work, only for show, for pleasure. How will not everyone condemn such a man, both household members and friends and relatives? And who will not justly say, This man is a burden of the earth, such a man came into the world in vain. Or rather, not in vain, but to the detriment of his own head, for his own ruin, for the harm of others? What then is more pleasant for her, let us see; for this is what is sought, leisure and inactivity. And what could be more unpleasant than a man who has nothing to do? what more wretched, what more miserable? Is this not worse than ten thousand chains, to yawn and gape continually while sitting in the marketplace watching those who pass by? For the soul, having a nature to be constantly in motion, cannot bear to be at rest. God made this creature for action, and it is according to its nature to work, but contrary to its nature to be idle. Let us not judge matters from the perspective of the sick, but let us get experience of the matter itself. Nothing is more wretched than leisure, nothing than idleness. For this reason God has put us under the necessity of work. 60.258 For idleness harms everything, and idleness somehow harms the very members of the body. For if an eye does not do its work, and a mouth, and a stomach and everything, whatever member one might mention, it falls into the worst disease; and nothing so much as the soul. And just as idleness is an evil, so also is work that is not fitting. For just as if someone does not eat, his teeth are harmed, and if he eats what is not fitting, he makes them be on edge; so indeed also here, whether one does not work, or works at things that are not fitting, one destroys one's own strength. Therefore let us be zealous to flee both, both idleness and work more grievous than idleness. And what is this? Covetousness, anger, envy, the rest of the passions. In these things

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δίκην συρόμενος; γʹ. Οὐ περὶ τῶν φύσει ὄντων τοῦτο λέγω, ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς τρυφῆς τοιαῦτα κατασκευασάντων τὰ σώματα, περὶ τῶν λεπτῶν κατὰ φύσιν. Ἀνέτειλεν ὁ ἥλιος, λαμπρὰς ἀφῆκε πανταχοῦ τὰς ἀκτῖνας, ἤγειρεν ἕκαστον ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα· ὁ γεωργὸς τὴν δίκελλαν λαβὼν ἔξεισιν, ὁ χαλκοτύπος τὴν σφῦραν, καὶ τὸ κατάλληλον ἕκαστος τῶν δημιουργῶν, καὶ εὑρήσεις ἕκαστον τὰ οἰκεῖα ὄργανα μεταχειριζόμενον· ἡ γυνὴ ἠλακάτην ἢ τὰ ὑφάσματα· αὐτὸς δὲ καθάπερ ὁ χοῖρος εὐθέως ἀπὸ πρωῒ ἐπὶ βοσκὴν ἔξεισι τῆς γαστρὸς, ζητῶν πῶς τράπεζαν πολυτελῆ κατασκευάσει. Καίτοι τῶν ἀλόγων ἐστὶ μόνον ἀπὸ πρωῒ τρέφεσθαι, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς οὐδέν ἐστι χρήσιμα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ σφάζεσθαι. Τὰ δὲ νωτοφόρα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐργασίαν ἀναδεχόμενα καὶ αὐτὰ ἀπὸ νυκτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον ἔξεισιν. Οὗτος δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς εὐνῆς ἀναστὰς, τοῦ ἡλίου τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐμπλήσαντος, καὶ πάντων κορεσθέντων τῆς οἰκείας ἐργασίας, ἀνίσταται διατεινόμενος, καθάπερ ὄντως ὗς πιαινόμενος, τὸ κάλλιστον τῆς ἡμέρας ἐν σκότει καταναλώσας. Εἶτα κάθηται πολὺν ἐπὶ τῆς εὐνῆς καιρὸν, πολλάκις οὐδὲ ἀνενεγκεῖν δυνάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπερινῆς μέθης, καταναλώσας τὸν πλείονα καιρὸν ἐν τούτοις. Εἶτα καλλωπίζει ἑαυτὸν, καὶ πρόεισιν ἀσχημοσύνης θέατρον, οὐδὲν ἔχων ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ πάντα θηρίου ἀνθρωπομόρφου· οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ δίυγροι, οἴνου τὸ στόμα ἀπόζον, ἡ ταλαίπωρος ψυχὴ καθάπερ ἐπὶ κλίνης βεβλημένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἀμέτρως ἐγχεομένης ἑωλοκρασίας, τὸ μέγεθος τῶν σαρκῶν περιφέρουσα καθάπερ ἐλέφας. Εἶτα ἐλθὼν κάθηται ἐν τόποις, καὶ λέγει τοιαῦτα καὶ ποιεῖ, ὡς βέλτιον εἶναι ἔτι καθεύδειν αὐτὸν ἢ ἐγρηγορέναι. Ἂν δεινὰ ἐπαγγελθῇ, παντὸς κορασίου μαλακώτερος γίνεται· ἂν χρηστὰ, παντὸς παιδίου χαυνότερος· χάσμης αὐτῷ ἡ ὄψις γέμει. Πᾶσι πρόκειται τοῖς βουλομένοις κακῶς ποιεῖν, εἰ καὶ μὴ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πάθεσι· καὶ θυμὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐγείρει ῥᾳδίως, καὶ ἐπιθυμία, καὶ βασκανία, καὶ πάντα. Πάντες κολακεύουσι, πάντες θεραπεύουσι, μαλακωτέραν ἤ ἐστιν ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν 60.257 ψυχήν· καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν πρόεισι, πολύ τι τῆς νόσου προσλαμβάνων. Ἂν εἰς πραγμάτων ἐμπέσῃ περίστασιν, τέφρα καὶ κόνις γίνεται, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ τὰ σηρικὰ ἱμάτια συμβάλλεται. Ταῦτα ἡμῖν οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἴρηται, ἀλλ' ἵνα παιδεύσωμεν μηδένα ἀργῶς ζῇν μηδὲ εἰκῇ. Ἡ γὰρ ἀργία καὶ ἡ τρυφὴ πρὸς ἐργασίαν ἀνεπιτήδειον, πρὸς δόξαν μόνον, πρὸς ἡδονήν. Πῶς πάντες τὸν τοιοῦτον οὐ καταγνώσονται, καὶ οἰκεῖοι καὶ φίλοι καὶ συγγενεῖς; τίς δὲ οὐ δικαίως ἐρεῖ, ἄχθος οὗτος ἀρούρας, εἰκῇ παρῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον ὁ τοιοῦτος· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ εἰκῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ κακῷ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ κεφαλῆς, ἐπὶ λύμῃ ἰδίᾳ, ἐπὶ βλάβῃ ἑτέρων; Τί οὖν ἥδιον αὐτῇ, ἴδωμεν· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον, σχολὴ καὶ ἀπραξία. Καὶ τί ἀηδέστερον γένοιτ' ἂν ἀνθρώπου οὐδὲν ἔχοντος ποιεῖν; τί μοχθηρότερον, τί ταλαιπωρότερον; μυρίων οὐ χεῖρον τοῦτο δεσμῶν, χασμᾶσθαι καὶ κεχηνέναι διαπαντὸς ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς καθήμενον ὁρῶντα τοὺς παριόντας; Ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ φύσιν ἔχουσα τοῦ κινεῖσθαι διαπαντὸς, οὐκ ἀνέχεται ἠρεμεῖν. Ἔμπρακτον τὸ ζῶον τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ κατὰ φύσιν αὐτῷ ἐστι τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι, παρὰ φύσιν δὲ τὸ ἀργεῖν. Μὴ ἀπὸ τῶν νοσούντων τὰ πράγματα δοκιμάζωμεν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πράγματος πεῖραν λάβωμεν. Οὐδὲν σχολῆς μοχθηρότερον, οὐδὲν ἀργίας· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο εἰς ἀνάγκην ἡμᾶς κατέστησεν ἐργασίας ὁ 60.258 Θεός. Πάντα γὰρ ἡ ἀργία βλάπτει, καὶ τὰ μέλη τοῦ σώματος αὐτὰ βλάπτει πως ἡ ἀργία. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς εἰ μὴ ἐργάζοιτο τὸ αὐτοῦ, καὶ στόμα, καὶ γαστὴρ καὶ πᾶν, ὅ τι ἂν εἴποι τις τῶν μελῶν, εἰς νόσον ἐμπίπτει τὴν ἐσχάτην· οὐδὲν δὲ οὕτως, ὡς ἡ ψυχή. Ὥσπερ δὲ ἀργία κακὸν, οὕτω καὶ ἐργασία ἡ μὴ προσήκουσα. Καθάπερ γὰρ εἴ τις μὴ ἐσθίει, εἰς τοὺς ὀδόντας βλάπτεται, κἂν ἐσθίῃ τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα, ποιεῖ αὐτοὺς αἱμωδιᾷν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ἄν τε μὴ ἐργάζηται, ἄν τε ἐργάζηται τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα, τὴν οἰκείαν ἀπόλλυσιν ἰσχύν. Οὐκοῦν ἀμφότερα φεύγειν σπουδάζωμεν, καὶ ἀργίαν καὶ ἐργασίαν ἀργίας χαλεπωτέραν. Ποία δὲ αὕτη ἐστί; Πλεονεξίαι, θυμὸς, βασκανίαι, τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν παθῶν. Ἐν τούτοις