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And just as in a shipwrecking vessel the sailors do not know what they are casting out, whether they have taken their own property or the deposits of others, but they make a casting out of all the things on board equally, both the precious and the not so precious; but when the storm ceases, then reflecting on how much they cast out, they weep and do not perceive the calm because of the loss from the casting out; so indeed here also, when anger blows, and the storm is raised, they do not know how to cast out what is necessary in an orderly way; but when the anger ceases, then reflecting on what things they cast out, they understand the loss and do not perceive the rest, remembering the words by which they disgraced themselves and suffered the greatest losses, not concerning money, but concerning the reputation for reasonableness and meekness. Truly anger is darkness. The fool, it says, has said in his heart: There is no God. Perhaps it is timely to say this also about the angry man, that the angry man said: There is no God. For according to the greatness, it says, of his anger he will not seek. For whatever pious thought might enter, he pushes all away and drives them off, he casts all aside. If you do not suffer more than the one who was insulted, insult him, even if no one accuses you; if the tribunal of conscience does not take you aside and scourge you ten thousand times. When, therefore, you hear that the one being insulted cast out no bitter word, do you not suffer more for this? Tell me, how did you wash a man who is meek and humble and reasonable with ten thousand insults? We say these things continually, but we do not see them demonstrated through deeds. Being a human, you insult a human? Being a slave, the fellow slave? But why do I marvel at this, when many even insult God? 4. Let this be a comfort to you who are insulted. Are you insulted? God is also insulted. Are you reproached? God is also reproached. Are you spat upon? For so also was our Master. In these things, therefore, he has fellowship with us, but in their opposites, no longer. For he never insulted unjustly; may it not be; nor did he simply reproach, nor did he do wrong. So that we are the ones who have fellowship, not you. For to bear being insulted is of God; but to insult simply is of a demon. See the two sides. "You have a demon," Christ heard; he was struck by the servant of the high priest. Those who insult unjustly, therefore, stand with them; reasonably so. For if Peter also heard "Satan" for one word, much more will these hear "Jews" when they do the things of the Jews, just as they are children of the devil, since they were working the works of the devil. You insult, being who, tell me? Rather you insult for this reason, because you are nothing; for no one who is a man insults. So that what is said in fights, "Who are you?" ought to be said from the opposite perspective; for instance, one should say, "Insult away, for you are nothing;" but now when we say, "As who do you insult?" one can hear through all, "As one better than you." And yet one ought to say the opposite; but since we ask wrongly, for this reason they also answer wrongly; so that we are the cause. For as if those who insult are great men, so we say: "As who do you insult?" For this reason they also answer so. But one ought to say the opposite: "You insult? Insult away; for you are a nobody." But to those who do not insult, this should rather be said: "As who do you not insult? you have transcended human nature." This is nobility, this is freedom, to utter nothing unfree, even if someone is worthy of hearing it. Tell me now, how many are not worthy to be put to death? But nevertheless the judge does not 60.281 do this by himself, but he asks questions; and not even this by himself. And if it is not tolerable for one who is judging to converse with an evil man, but he uses some intermediary, much more should we not insult our equals; for we will not so much gain an advantage over them by insulting, as by being taught that we have insulted ourselves. Therefore one should not insult the evil for this reason, and the good for another, because they are not worthy of it; and thirdly, because one ought not to be an insolent person. But now, see how many things happen: a person is insulted and abused, and the one abusing is a person, and the onlookers are people. What then? Must the wild beasts come into the midst and break it up? For this is what remains. For when those who delight in injustice are people, the reconciliation is left to the wild beasts; just as, therefore

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Καὶ καθάπερ ἐν πλοίῳ ναυαγοῦντι οἱ ναῦται οὐκ ἴσασιν ἃ ῥίπτουσιν, ἄν τε τῶν οἰκείων ἄν τε τῶν ἀλλοτρίων λάβωσι παρακαταθήκας, ἀλλὰ πάντων ὁμοίως ἐκβολὴν ποιοῦνται τῶν ἐγκειμένων, τῶν τε τιμίων τῶν τε οὐ τοιούτων· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ὁ χειμὼν παύσηται, τότε ἀναλογιζόμενοι ὅσα ἐξέβαλον, δακρύουσι καὶ τῆς γαλήνης οὐκ αἰσθάνονται διὰ τὴν ζημίαν τῆς ἐκβολῆς· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ὅταν ὁ θυμὸς πνεύσῃ, καὶ ὁ χειμὼν αἴρηται, οὐκ ἴσασιν ἐν τάξει ἐκβάλλειν τὰ δέοντα· ὅταν δὲ παύσηται ὁ θυμὸς, τότε ἀναλογιζόμενοι ποῖα ἐξέβαλον, ἐννοοῦσι τὴν ζημίαν καὶ οὐκ αἰσθάνονται τῆς ἀναπαύσεως, τῶν ῥημάτων μεμνημένοι, δι' ὧν κατῄσχυναν ἑαυτοὺς καὶ τὰ μέγιστα ἐζημιώθησαν, οὐ περὶ χρήματα, ἀλλὰ περὶ δόξαν ἐπιεικείας καὶ πραότητος. Ὄντως σκότος ἐστὶν ὁ θυμός. Εἶπεν ἄφρων, φησὶν, ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· Οὐκ ἔστι Θεός. Τάχα καὶ περὶ τοῦ θυμουμένου τοῦτο εἰπεῖν εὔκαιρον, ὅτι εἶπεν ὁ θυμούμενος· Οὐκ ἔστι Θεός. Κατὰ γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος, φησὶ, τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐκζητήσει. Ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἐπεισέλθῃ λογισμὸς εὐσεβὴς, πάντας διωθεῖται καὶ διακρούεται, πάντας ῥίπτει πλαγίους. Εἰ μὴ σὺ μᾶλλον ἀλγεῖς τοῦ ὑβρισθέντος, ὕβριζε, κἂν μηδεὶς ὁ ἐγκαλῶν· εἰ μὴ τὸ τοῦ συνειδότος δικαστήριον ἰδίᾳ σε λαβὸν μαστίζει μυρία. Ὅταν οὖν ἀκούσῃς, ὅτι ὁ ὑβριζόμενος οὐδὲν ἐξέβαλε ῥῆμα πικρὸν, οὐχὶ ταύτῃ μᾶλλον ἀλγεῖς; Εἰπέ μοι, πῶς ἄνθρωπον πρᾶον καὶ ταπεινὸν, καὶ ἐπιεικῆ μυρίαις ἔπλυνας λοιδορίαις; Ταῦτα λέγομεν συνεχῶς, οὐχ ὁρῶμεν δὲ ἐπιδεικνύμενα διὰ τῶν ἔργων. Ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἄνθρωπον ὑβρίζεις; δοῦλος ὢν τὸν ὁμόδουλον; Ἀλλὰ τί τοῦτο θαυμάζω, ὅπου γε καὶ Θεὸν ὑβρίζουσι πολλοί; δʹ. Τοῦτο πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔστω παραμυθία τοὺς ὑβριζομένους. Ὑβρίζεσθε; ὑβρίζεται καὶ Θεός. Ὀνειδίζεσθε; ὀνειδίζεται καὶ Θεός. ∆ιαπτύεσθε; καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ ∆εσπότης ὁ ἡμέτερος. Ἐν μὲν οὖν τούτοις ἡμῖν κοινωνεῖ, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἐναντίοις οὐκ ἔτι. Οὐ γὰρ ὕβρισεν ἀδίκως ποτέ· μὴ γένοιτο· οὐδὲ ὠνείδισεν ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ ἠδίκησεν. Ὥστε ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν οἱ κοινωνοῦντες, οὐχ ὑμεῖς. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑβριζόμενον φέρειν, Θεοῦ· τὸ δὲ ὑβρίζειν ἁπλῶς, δαίμονος. Ἴδετε τὰς δύο μερίδας. ∆αιμόνιον ἔχεις, ἤκουσεν ὁ Χριστός· ἐῤῥαπίσθη ἀπὸ τοῦ δούλου τοῦ ἀρχιερέως. Οἱ ὑβρίζοντες τοίνυν ἀδίκως, μετ' ἐκείνων ἑστήκασιν· εἰκότως. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Πέτρος καὶ Σατανᾶς ἤκουσε δι' ἓν ῥῆμα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οὗτοι Ἰουδαῖοι ἀκούσονται, ὅταν τὰ Ἰουδαίων ποιῶσιν, ὥσπερ κἀκεῖνοι διαβόλου τέκνα, ἐπειδὴ τὰ τοῦ διαβόλου εἰργάζοντο. Ὑβρίζεις, τίς ὢν, εἰπέ μοι; Μᾶλλον δὲ διὰ τοῦτο ὑβρίζεις, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν εἶ· οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ὢν ὑβρίζει. Ὥστε ὃ λέγεται ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, Σὺ τίς εἶ; ἐξ ἐναντίας ἔδει λέγεσθαι· οἷον, Ὕβριζε, λέγειν ἐχρῆν· οὐδὲν γὰρ εἶ· νῦν δὲ λεγόντων ἡμῶν, Ὡς τίς ὑβρίζεις; Ὡς βελτίων σου, διὰ πάντων ἀκούειν ἔστι. Καὶ μὴν τὸ ἐναντίον ἔδει λέγειν· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἡμεῖς κακῶς ἐρωτῶμεν, διὰ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνοι κακῶς ἀποκρίνονται· ὥστε ἡμεῖς αἴτιοι. Ὡς μεγάλων γὰρ ἀνδρῶν ὄντων τῶν ὑβριζόντων, οὕτω λέγομεν· Ὡς τίς ὑβρίζεις; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνοι οὕτως ἀποκρίνονται. Τοὐναντίον δὲ ἐχρῆν λέγειν· Ὑβρίζεις; ὕβριζε· οὐδεὶς γὰρ εἶ. Πρὸς δὲ τοὺς οὐχ ὑβρίζοντας τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἔδει λέγεσθαι· Ὡς τίς οὐχ ὑβρίζεις; ὑπερέβης τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν. Τοῦτο εὐγένεια, τοῦτο ἐλευθερία, μηδὲν ἀνελεύθερον φθέγγεσθαι, κἂν ἄξιος ᾖ τις ἀκούειν. Εἰπὲ δή μοι, πόσοι οὐχὶ ἄξιοί εἰσιν ἀναιρεῖσθαι; Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐ 60.281 ποιεῖ τοῦτο δι' ἑαυτοῦ ὁ δικαστὴς, ἀλλ' ἐρωτᾷ· καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο δι' ἑαυτοῦ. Εἰ δὲ διαλέγεσθαι ἀνθρώπῳ πονηρῷ οὐκ ἀνεκτὸν δικάζοντα, ἀλλὰ μέσῳ τινὶ κέχρηται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς τοὺς ὁμοτίμους ὑβρίζειν οὐ χρή· οὐ γὰρ οὕτω τῷ ὑβρίσαι πλεονεκτήσομεν αὐτῶν, ὡς τῷ διδαχθῆναι, ὅτι ὑβρίσαμεν ἑαυτούς. Τοὺς μὲν οὖν πονηροὺς διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε ὑβρίζειν χρὴ, τοὺς δὲ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ δι' ἕτερον, ὅτι οὐκ ἄξιοι· καὶ τρίτον, ὅτι ὑβριστὴν εἶναι οὐ χρή. Νῦν δὲ, ὅρα ὅσα γίνεται· ὑβρίζεται καὶ ἐπηρεάζεται ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὁ ἐπηρεάζων ἄνθρωπος, καὶ οἱ θεωροῦντες ἄνθρωποι. Τί οὖν; τὰ θηρία δεῖ εἰς μέσον ἐλθεῖν καὶ διαλῦσαι; τοῦτο γὰρ λείπεται. Ὅταν γὰρ οἱ τερπόμενοι τῇ ἀδικίᾳ ἄνθρωποι ὦσι, τοῖς θηρίοις ἡ καταλλαγὴ λείπεται· ὥσπερ οὖν