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they have done, this he said. If then Demetrius and those with him have a case against anyone, there are proconsuls. And this he says, making an accusation, and showing that it was not right to hold a public assembly for the sake of private charges. For we are in danger, he says, of being accused. By this he greatly perplexed them. There being no cause, he says, for which we shall be able to give an account of this commotion. See how the unbelievers defend themselves prudently, how intelligently. Thus he quenched their anger. For as it is easily kindled, so it is also easily quenched. And having said these things, he dismissed the assembly, it says. Do you see God permitting the temptations, and by these stirring up and awakening the disciples and making them more vehement? Let us not then fall away in temptations; for He will also make a way to escape, that we may be able to bear it. Nothing so makes and holds friends together as affliction; nothing so binds and fastens the souls of the faithful; nothing is so suitable for us teachers for the things spoken by us to be heard. For a hearer who is at ease is both listless and slothful, and thinks he is being bothered by the speaker; but in affliction and distress he falls into a great desire of hearing. For being distressed in soul, he seeks from every side to find comfort for his affliction; and speech brings no small comfort. What then, he says, of the Jews? How being afflicted did they not listen from faintheartedness? Because they were Jews, always weak and wretched; besides, the affliction there was great, but our discourse is about what is moderate. For see: they expected to be delivered from the evils that possessed them, and they fell into countless more terrible things; and this perplexes a soul in no ordinary way. Afflictions tear us away from sympathy with the present world; at once, indeed, we ask for death, and we are not lovers of the body; which is the greatest part of philosophy, not to gape after nor to be bound to the present life. The afflicted soul does not want to be concerned with many things, but desires only some rest and quiet; it is desirable for it to be freed from present things, even if there is nothing else. Just as a body that has toiled and suffered does not want to love, nor to feast, but to rest and lie quiet; so also a soul that has been embalmed by countless evils, hastens to be at rest and quiet. The one that is at ease is fluttered, is disturbed, is in suspense; but this one, having nothing gaping or dissolute, is wholly compact and remains not in suspense; and the one is more manly, the other more childish; and the one is heavier, the other lighter. And just as something light that has fallen into much water is tossed about; so also a soul that has fallen into much joy. And one might see that our greatest sins have come from much pleasure. And if you wish, let us describe two houses, one of people marrying, the other of people mourning; let us enter in discourse to each; let us see which is better than the other. For the house of the mourner will be found full of philosophy, but that of the one marrying full of indecency, 60.301 For see: there are shameful words, disorderly laughter, more disorderly steps, dress and gait full of indecency, postures of much foolishness and folly; and altogether nothing else than all things there are laughter and derision. Not the marriage, I say, God forbid; but the things surrounding the marriage. Then nature runs riot, those present become irrational instead of human, some neighing like horses, others kicking like donkeys; much dissipation, much dissolution, nothing serious, nothing noble; great is the devil's procession there, cymbals, flutes, and songs full of fornication and adultery. But not there, where the mourning is, but all things are well-ordered; for there is much silence, much quiet, much composure, nothing disorderly, nothing unrhythmical; if anyone uttered anything, he uttered words full of all philosophy; and the wonderful thing is that at that time not only men, but also servants and women philosophize. For such is the nature of mourning. And they seem to be comforting the mourner, but they utter countless doctrines

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ἔπραξαν, τοῦτο εἶπεν. Εἰ μὲν οὖν ∆ημήτριος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἔχουσι πρός τινα λόγον, ἀνθύπατοί εἰσι. Καὶ τοῦτο λέγει ἐγκαλῶν, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἔδει ἰδιωτικῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἕνεκεν κοινὴν ἐκκλησίαν ποιεῖσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ κινδυνεύομεν, φησὶν, ἐγκαλεῖσθαι. Τούτῳ σφόδρα αὐτοὺς διηπόρησεν. Οὐδενὸς αἰτίου, φησὶν, ὑπάρχοντος, περὶ οὗ δυνησόμεθα λόγον δοῦναι τῆς συστροφῆς ταύτης. Ὅρα πῶς οἱ ἄπιστοι φρονίμως ἀπολογοῦνται, πῶς συνετῶς. Οὕτως ἔσβεσε τὸν θυμόν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ῥᾳδίως ἐξάπτεται, οὕτω καὶ ῥᾳδίως σβέννυται. Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν, ἀπέλυσε τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, φησίν. Ὁρᾷς τὸν Θεὸν συγχωροῦντα τοὺς πειρασμοὺς, καὶ διεγείροντα καὶ ἀφυπνίζοντα τοὺς μαθητὰς τούτοις καὶ σφοδροτέρους ἐργαζόμενον; Μὴ δὴ καταπίπτωμεν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς· αὐτὸς γὰρ ποιήσει καὶ τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν. Οὐδὲν οὕτω φίλους ποιεῖ καὶ συγκροτεῖ, ὡς θλῖψις· οὐδὲν οὕτω συνδεῖ καὶ ἐπισφίγγει τῶν πιστῶν τὰς ψυχάς· οὐδὲν ἡμῖν τοῖς διδασκάλοις οὕτως ἐπιτήδειον πρὸς τὸ τὰ παρ' ἡμῶν λεγόμενα ἀκούεσθαι. Ἐν μὲν γὰρ ἀνέσει τυγχάνων ἀκροατὴς, χαῦνός τέ ἐστι καὶ ῥᾴθυμος, καὶ ἐνοχλεῖσθαι δοκεῖ παρὰ τοῦ λέγοντος· ἐν δὲ θλίψει καὶ στενοχωρίᾳ εἰς πολλὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἀκροάσεως ἐμπίπτει. Στενοχωρούμενος γὰρ τὴν ψυχὴν, πανταχόθεν ζητεῖ παραμυθίαν τῆς θλίψεως εὑρεῖν· οὐ μικρὰν δὲ φέρει λόγος παραμυθίαν. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι; πῶς θλιβόμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς ὀλιγοψυχίας οὐκ ἤκουον; Ὅτι Ἰουδαῖοι ἦσαν, οἱ ἀεὶ ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ταλαίπωροι· ἄλλως τε καὶ ὅτι καὶ ἐκεῖ πολλὴ ἡ θλῖψις ἦν, ἡμῖν δὲ περὶ συμμέτρου ὁ λόγος. Ὅρα γάρ· προσεδόκησαν ἀπαλλάττεσθαι τῶν κατεχόντων αὐτοὺς κακῶν ἐκεῖνοι, καὶ μυρίοις περιέπεσον μᾶλλον δεινοῖς· τοῦτο δὲ οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχεν ἀπορεῖ ψυχήν. Αἱ θλίψεις ἀποσχίζουσιν ἡμᾶς τῆς συμπαθείας τῆς πρὸς τὸν παρόντα κόσμον· εὐθέως γοῦν τὸν θάνατον αἰτοῦμεν, καὶ οὐκ ἐσμὲν φιλοσώματοι· ὅπερ μέγιστον φιλοσοφίας μέρος ἐστὶ, μὴ κεχηνέναι μηδὲ προσδεδέσθαι τῇ παρούσῃ ζωῇ. Ἡ θλιβομένη ψυχὴ οὐ βούλεται περὶ πολλὰ εἶναι, ἀλλ' ἀναπαύσεώς τινος μόνον καὶ ἡσυχίας ἐρᾷ· ἀγαπητὸν αὐτῇ τῶν παρόντων ἀπαλλαγῆναι, κἂν μηδὲν ἕτερον ᾖ. Καθάπερ σῶμα πεπονηκὸς καὶ ταλαιπωρηθὲν οὐκ ἐρᾷν βούλεται, οὐ γαστρίζεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἀναπαύεσθαι καὶ ἡσυχῇ κεῖσθαι· οὕτω καὶ ψυχὴ μυρίοις ταριχευθεῖσα κακοῖς, πρὸς ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ ἡσυχίαν ἐπείγεται εἶναι. Ἡ ἐν ἀνέσει οὖσα ἐπτόηται, τεθορύβηται, μετέωρός ἐστιν· αὕτη δὲ οὐδὲν κεχηνὸς ἔχουσα οὐδὲ διαῤῥέον, ὅλη συνέσφιγκται καὶ μένει ἀμετεώριστος· καὶ ἡ μὲν ἀνδρειοτέρα, ἡ δὲ παιδικωτέρα ἐστί· καὶ ἡ μὲν βαρυτέρα, ἡ δὲ κουφοτέρα. Καὶ καθάπερ ἐν πολλῷ ὕδατι ἐμπεσόν τι κοῦφον σαλεύεται· οὕτω καὶ εἰς πολλὴν χαρὰν ἐμπεσοῦσα ψυχή. Καὶ τὰ μέγιστα δὲ ἡμῖν ἁμαρτήματα ἀπὸ πολλῆς ἡδονῆς γεγενημένα ἴδοι τις ἄν. Καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε, οἰκίας ὑπογράψωμεν δύο, τὴν μὲν γαμούντων, τὴν δὲ πενθούντων· εἰσέλθωμεν τῷ λόγῳ πρὸς ἑκατέρους· ἴδωμεν τίς τίνος βελτίων. Εὑρεθήσεται γὰρ ἡ τοῦ πενθοῦντος φιλοσοφίας γέμουσα, ἡ δὲ τοῦ γαμοῦντος ἀσχημοσύνης, 60.301 Ὅρα γάρ· αἰσχρὰ ἐκεῖ ῥήματα, γέλως ἄτακτος, βήματα ἀτακτότερα, στολὴ καὶ βάδισις ἀσχημοσύνης γέμουσα, σχήματα πολλῆς ἀνοίας καὶ μωρίας· καὶ ὅλως οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ πάντα γέλως καὶ κατάγελως τὰ ἐκεῖ. Οὐχ ὁ γάμος, λέγω, μὴ γένοιτο· ἀλλὰ τὰ περὶ τὸν γάμον. Ἐκβακχεύεται τότε ἡ φύσις, ἄλογα ἀντὶ ἀνθρώπων οἱ παρόντες γίνονται, οἱ μὲν ὡς ἵπποι χρεμετίζουσιν, οἱ δὲ ὡς ὄνοι λακτίζουσι· πολλὴ ἡ διάχυσις, πολλὴ ἡ διάλυσις, οὐδὲν σπουδαῖον, οὐδὲν γενναῖον· πολλὴ ἐκεῖ τοῦ διαβόλου ἡ πομπὴ, κύμβαλα, αὐλοὶ, καὶ ᾄσματα πορνείας γέμοντα καὶ μοιχείας. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα τὸ πένθος, ἀλλὰ πάντα εὔτακτα· πολλὴ γὰρ ἡ σιγὴ, πολλὴ ἡ ἡσυχία, πολλὴ ἡ καταστολὴ, οὐδὲν ἄτακτον, οὐδὲν ἄῤῥυθμον· εἴ τίς τι καὶ ἐφθέγξατο, πάντα φιλοσοφίας γέμοντα ῥήματα ἐφθέγξατο· καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι παρ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν οὐκ ἄνδρες μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἰκεῖοι καὶ γυναῖκες φιλοσοφοῦσι. Τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ τοῦ πένθους φύσις. Καὶ δοκοῦσι μὲν παρακαλεῖν τὸν πενθοῦντα, μυρία δὲ φθέγγονται δόγματα