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full of philosophy; prayers immediately, so as to stop at this point, and sufficient are those who comfort the one who has labored, and countless enumerations of those who mourn such things. For what is man? An examination of our nature. 4. What then is man? An accusation of life and its worthlessness, a remembrance of the things in the future, of the judgment. Each one returns home, from a wedding, grieving that he himself is not in prosperity; but from a mourning, relieved that he has not suffered such things, and having extinguished all inflammation, he went away. But what? Do you want us to compare the prisons and the theaters? For the one is a place of affliction, the other of pleasure. Come then, let us see the things that result from each. There, much philosophy; for where there is despondency, there is certainly philosophy. The one who before this was rich, the one who was greatly puffed up, will even endure a chance person speaking to him, as fear and despondency, like some more violent fire, has fallen upon his soul and softens what is hard; then he becomes humble, then gloomy, then he perceives the change of life, then he endures all things. But in the theater, all the opposite things: laughter, shamefulness, a diabolical procession, dissipation, a waste of time, and a superfluous expense of days, a contrivance of unseemly desire, a meditation on adultery, a training-school of fornication, a school of licentiousness, an incitement to shamefulness, a pretext for laughter, examples of indecency. But the prison is not such; but there is humility, consolation, an incitement to philosophy, contempt for the things of this life; all things have been trodden down and despised, and like a tutor to a child, fear stands over him, directing him toward all that is necessary. But if you wish, let us again examine the same places in another way. I would wish to meet a man coming down from the theater, and another coming out of a prison, and you would see the soul of the one terrified, troubled, truly bound, but of the other, relaxed, loosed, winged. For the one departs from the theater, bound to the faces of the women there, bearing bonds harder than any iron: the places there, the words, the gestures; but the one from the prison, released from all things, will no longer think he is suffering anything terrible, comparing his own things with those of others. Because he is not bound, he will henceforth be grateful, he will despise human affairs, seeing many rich 60.302 men in misfortunes, many and mighty men bound there; and if he suffers anything unjustly, he will endure this too; for indeed there are many examples of this there; he will come to the thought of the future judgment, and he will shudder seeing the places here. For just as one shut up here in a prison is gentle toward all; so also they, before the judgment, before the coming day, will be more gentle toward their wife, toward their children, toward their servants. But from the theater it is not so, but he will see his wife more unpleasantly, and will be difficult toward his household, he will be provoked toward his children, he will be turned into a beast toward all. Great evils the theaters prepare for the cities, great ones, and we do not even know that they are great. But if you have not grown weary, let us also examine the places of laughter, I mean the banquets, where there are parasites and flatterers and much luxury, and other places, where there are the lame and the maimed. Again, there, drunkenness and luxury and dissipation, but here, the opposite. Consider also in the case of the body, when it is inflamed, when it is in a good state, it has a very swift transition to sickness; but when it is composed, it is not so. And that I may make what I say clearer to you, let there be a body having much blood and much flesh and being vigorous; this will be able to produce a fever even from ordinary food, if it is simply idle. But let there be another one rather wrestling with hunger and affliction; this one is hard to capture and hard to overcome by sickness. Even if the blood in us is healthy, by its quantity it has often produced sickness; but if it is little, even if it is not healthy, it can be easily mastered. So also in the case of the soul, the one in relaxation and luxury has impulses that rush swiftly toward sin; for indeed

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φιλοσοφίας μεστά· εὐχαὶ εὐθέως ὥστε μέχρι τούτου στῆναι, καὶ ἱκανοὶ οἱ τὸν πεπονηκότα παραμυθούμενοι, καὶ ἀπαριθμήσεις τῶν τοιαῦτα πενθούντων μυρίαι. Τί γάρ ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος; Τῆς φύσεως ἐξέτασις τῆς ἡμετέρας. δʹ. Τί τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος; Τοῦ βίου καὶ τῆς εὐτελείας αὐτοῦ κατηγορία, ἀνάμνησις τῶν ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι πραγμάτων, τῆς κρίσεως. Ἕκαστος οἴκαδε ἀναχωρεῖ, ἀπὸ μὲν γάμου λυπούμενος, ὅτι δὴ αὐτὸς μὴ ἐν εὐπραγίᾳ ἐστίν· ἀπὸ δὲ πένθους ἀνειμένος, ὅτι δὴ μὴ τοιαῦτα ἔπαθε, καὶ τὴν φλεγμονὴν σβέσας ἅπασαν ἀπῆλθεν. Ἀλλὰ τί; θέλεις τὰ δεσμωτήρια, καὶ τὰ θέατρα ἀντεξετάσωμεν; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ θλίψεως, ὁ δὲ ἡδονῆς τόπος. Φέρε οὖν, ἴδωμεν τὰ ἐξ ἑκατέρων συμβαίνοντα. Ἐκεῖ φιλοσοφία πολλή· ἔνθα γὰρ ἀθυμία, καὶ φιλοσοφία πάντως. Ὁ πρὸ τούτου πλουτῶν, ὁ μεγάλα φυσῶν, καὶ τοῦ τυχόντος ἀνέξεται διαλεγομένου πρὸς αὐτὸν, τοῦ φόβου καὶ τῆς ἀθυμίας καθάπερ τινὸς πυρὸς σφοδροτέρου ἐπιπεσόντος αὐτοῦ τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ μαλάττοντος τὸ σκληρόν· τότε ταπεινὸς γίνεται, τότε σκυθρωπὸς, τότε τῆς μεταβολῆς αἰσθάνεται τῆς βιωτικῆς, τότε καρτερεῖ πρὸς πάντα. Ἐν δὲ θεάτρῳ πάντα τὰ ἐναντία, γέλως, αἰσχρότης, πομπὴ διαβολικὴ, διάχυσις, ἀνάλωμα χρόνου, καὶ δαπάνη ἡμερῶν περιττὴ, ἐπιθυμίας ἀτόπου κατασκευὴ, μοιχείας μελέτη, πορνείας γυμνάσιον, ἀκολασίας διδασκαλεῖον, προτροπὴ αἰσχρότητος, γέλωτος ὑπόθεσις, ἀσχημοσύνης παραδείγματα. Ἀλλ' οὐ τὸ δεσμωτήριον τοιοῦτον· ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ ταπεινοφροσύνη, παράκλησις, φιλοσοφίας προτροπὴ, ὑπεροψία τῶν βιωτικῶν· πάντα πεπάτηται καὶ καταπεφρόνηται, καὶ καθάπερ παιδίῳ παιδαγωγὸς ὁ φόβος ἐφέστηκε, πρὸς πάντα τὰ δέοντα ῥυθμίζων αὐτόν. Ἀλλ' εἰ βούλει, πάλιν ἑτέρως ἐξετάσωμεν τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους. Ἐβουλόμην συντυχεῖν ἀνθρώπῳ ἀπὸ θεάτρου κατιόντι, καὶ ἄλλῳ ἀπὸ δεσμωτηρίου ἐξιόντι, καὶ εἶδες ἂν τοῦ μὲν τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπτοημένην, τεθορυβημένην, δεδεμένην ὄντως, τοῦ δὲ ἀνειμένην, λελυμένην, ἐπτερωμένην. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεάτρου ἀναχωρεῖ, ταῖς ὄψεσι τῶν ἐκεῖ γυναικῶν προσδεθεὶς, παντὸς σιδήρου χαλεπώτερα φέρων δεσμὰ, τοὺς τόπους τοὺς ἐκεῖ, τὰ ῥήματα, τὰ σχήματα· ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ δεσμωτηρίου, πάντων ἀνεθεὶς, οὐκ ἔτι ἡγήσεται πάσχειν τι δεινὸν, τοῖς τῶν ἑτέρων τὰ αὐτοῦ παραβάλλων. Ὅτι οὐ δέδεται, χάριν εἴσεται λοιπὸν, καταφρονήσει τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων, πολλοὺς πλου 60.302 τοῦντας ὁρῶν ἐν συμφοραῖς, πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα δυναμένους καὶ δεδεμένους ἐκεῖ· κἂν ἀδίκως τι πάθῃ, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο καρτερήσει· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τούτου πολλὰ ἐκεῖ τὰ ὑποδείγματα· εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐλεύσεται τῆς μελλούσης κρίσεως, καὶ φρίξει τοὺς τόπους ἐνταῦθα ὁρῶν. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ συγκεκλεισμένος, ἐπιεικὴς πρὸς πάντας ἐστίν· οὕτω κἀκεῖνοι πρὸ τῆς κρίσεως, πρὸ τῆς μελλούσης ἡμέρας, πρὸς γυναῖκα, πρὸς παιδία, πρὸς τοὺς οἰκέτας ἔσονται ἐπιεικέστεροι. Ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ θεάτρου οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἀηδέστερον ὄψεται τὴν γυναῖκα, καὶ δυσχερὴς πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους ἔσται, παροξυνθήσεται πρὸς τὰ παιδία, ἐκθηριωθήσεται πρὸς πάντας. Μεγάλα κακὰ τὰ θέατρα παρασκευάζει ταῖς πόλεσι, μεγάλα, καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἴσμεν ὅτι μεγάλα. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἀπεκάμετε, ἐξετάσωμεν καὶ τοὺς τοῦ γέλωτος τόπους, τὰ συμπόσια λέγω, ἔνθα παράσιτοι καὶ κόλακες καὶ πολλὴ ἡ τρυφὴ, καὶ τόπους ἑτέρους, ἔνθα χωλοὶ καὶ ἀνάπηροι. Πάλιν ἐκεῖ μὲν μέθη καὶ τρυφὴ καὶ διάχυσις, ἐνταῦθα δὲ τοὐναντίον. Ὅρα καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος, ὅταν φλεγμαίνῃ, ὅταν εὐπαθῇ, ταχίστην ἔχει πρὸς νόσον μετάπτωσιν· ὅταν δὲ κατεσταλμένον ᾖ, οὐχ οὕτως. Ἵνα δὲ σαφέστερον ὑμῖν ὃ λέγω ποιήσω, ἔστω σῶμα ἔχον πολὺ αἷμα καὶ σάρκας πολλὰς καὶ σφριγῶν· τοῦτο καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τυχούσης τροφῆς πυρετὸν δυνήσεται τεκεῖν, ἂν ἁπλῶς ἀργήσῃ. Ἔστω δὲ ἕτερον λιμῷ μᾶλλον παλαῖον καὶ θλίψει· τοῦτο δυσάλωτον καὶ δυσκαταγώνιστον πρὸς ἀῤῥωστίαν. Αἷμα κἂν ὑγιὲς ᾖ ἐν ἡμῖν, τῷ πλήθει πολλάκις νόσον ἔτεκεν· ἂν δὲ ὀλίγον ᾖ, κἂν μὴ ὑγιὲς, εὐκόλως κατεργασθῆναι δύναται. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ ψυχῆς, ἡ μὲν ἐν ἀνέσει καὶ τρυφῇ ὀξυῤῥόπους ἔχει πρὸς ἁμαρτίαν τὰς ὁρμάς· καὶ γὰρ