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such a state stands near to madness and pleasure and vainglory and envy and plots and slanders; but not the state of affliction and self-sufficiency, but it is free from all these things. Behold, how great a city this great one is to us. From where, then, are evils born? Is it not from the wealthy? Is it not from those who rejoice? Who drag people to the courts? Who squander fortunes? The wretched and the outcast, or those who are puffed up with pride and rejoice? It is not possible for any evil to come from an afflicted soul. Paul knows its gain; for this reason he says: Affliction works patience, and patience, experience, and experience, hope, and hope does not put to shame. Let us not, then, fall down in our afflictions, but in all things give thanks, that we may gain something great, that we may be well-pleasing to God who permits afflictions. Affliction is a great good; and this we learn from our children; for without affliction one would learn nothing useful. But we have more need of affliction than they. For if those things flourish in them when their passions are at rest, much more in us, especially when we are constrained by so many. But we ought rather to have tutors; for from children sins would not be great, but from us they are exceedingly great. But our tutor is affliction. Let us neither, then, draw it upon ourselves, and when it is present, let us bear it nobly, as it is always the cause of countless goods, that we may also enjoy the favor of God, and the good things laid up for those who love Him, in Christ Jesus our Lord, with whom to the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, be glory, dominion, honor, now and always, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

60.303 HOMILY 43. And after the uproar was ceased, Paul called unto him the

disciples, and embraced them, and departed for to go into Macedonia. 1. There was need of much comfort after that disturbance. This, then, he also does,

and that he might comfort the disciples, he comes to Macedonia, then to Greece. And that he greatly comforted them, hear. And when he had gone over those parts, and had given them much exhortation, he came into Greece. And there abode three months, and when the Jews laid wait for him, as he was about to sail into Syria, he purposed to return through Macedonia. And there accompanied him into Asia Sopater of Berea; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timotheus; and of Asia, Tychicus and Trophimus. These going before tarried for us at Troas. Again he is persecuted by Jews, and comes into Macedonia. But how does he call Timothy a Thessalonian? He does not say this; but, These, he says, went before to Troas to prepare the way for him. And we sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came unto them to Troas in five days; where we abode seven days. For it seems to me that he was eager to keep the feasts in the great cities. He sails from Philippi, where the events concerning the prison had taken place. And this was the third time he returned to Macedonia, and he testifies many things to the Philippians; wherefore he also tarries there. And upon the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart; and continued his speech until midnight. See how all things were secondary to the preaching. It was then Pentecost, and it was the Lord's day; but he extends his teaching even until midnight; so desirous was he for the salvation of the disciples, that he was not silent even at night, but then he discoursed the more, since there was quiet. See how he both discoursed at length, and at the very time of supper. But the devil disturbed the feast, yet he did not prevail, having plunged the hearer in sleep and brought him down. And how it happens, he explained by adding: And there were many lights in the upper chamber, where we were

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ἀπονοίας ἐγγὺς ἡ τοιαύτη ἕστηκε καὶ ἡδονῆς καὶ κενοδοξίας καὶ φθόνου καὶ ἐπιβουλῶν καὶ συκοφαντιῶν· ἀλλ' οὐχ ἡ ἐν θλίψει καὶ αὐταρκείᾳ, ἀλλὰ πάντων τούτων ἀπήλλακται. Ἰδοὺ ἡλίκη πόλις ἡμῖν ἐστιν ἡ μεγάλη αὕτη. Πόθεν οὖν τίκτεται τὰ κακά; οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν πλουτούντων; οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν χαιρόντων; Τίνες εἰς δικαστήρια ἕλκουσι; τίνες οὐσίας διασπαθῶσιν; οἱ ταλαίπωροι καὶ ἀπεῤῥιμμένοι, ἢ οἱ μεγάλα φυσῶντες καὶ χαίροντες; Οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπὸ ψυχῆς τεθλιμμένης γενέσθαι τι κακόν. Οἶδεν αὐτῆς τὸ κέρδος ὁ Παῦλος· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ἡ θλῖψις ὑπομονὴν κατεργάζεται, ἡ δὲ ὑπομονὴ δοκιμὴν, ἡ δὲ δοκιμὴ ἐλπίδα, ἡ δὲ ἐλπὶς οὐ καταισχύνει. Μὴ δὴ καταπίπτωμεν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν ἅπασιν εὐχαριστῶμεν, ἵνα τι κερδάνωμεν μέγα, ἵνα εὐδοκιμήσωμεν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ τῷ τὰς θλίψεις συγχωροῦντι. Μέγα θλῖψις ἀγαθόν· καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων τῶν ἡμετέρων μανθάνομεν· χωρὶς γὰρ θλίψεως οὐδὲν ἂν μάθοι χρήσιμον. Ἡμεῖς δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτῶν δεόμεθα θλίψεως. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνα τῶν παθῶν ἠρεμούντων αὐτοῖς θάλλει, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς, καὶ μάλιστα τοσούτοις συνεχόμενοι. Ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς μᾶλλον παιδαγωγοὺς ἔχειν ἐχρῆν· παρὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν παίδων τὰ ἁμαρτήματα οὐκ ἂν μεγάλα γένοιτο, παρὰ δὲ ἡμῶν σφόδρα μεγάλα. Παιδαγωγὸς δὲ ἡμῶν ἡ θλῖψις· Μήτε οὖν ἐπισπώμεθα αὐτὴν, καὶ παροῦσαν γενναίως φέρωμεν, ἀεὶ μυρίων οὖσαν ἀγαθῶν αἰτίαν, ἵνα καὶ τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥοπῆς ἀπολαύσωμεν, καὶ τῶν ἀποκειμένων ἀγαθῶν τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὸν, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

60.303 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΜΓʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὸ παύσασθαι τὸν θόρυβον προσκαλεσά μενος ὁ

Παῦλος τοὺς μαθητὰς, καὶ ἀσπασάμενος, ἐξῆλθε πορευθῆναι εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν. αʹ. Ἔδει πολλῆς παρακλήσεως ἀπὸ τῆς ταραχῆς ἐκείνης. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ποιεῖ,

καὶ ἵνα παρακαλέσῃ τοὺς μαθητὰς, ἔρχεται εἰς Μακεδονίαν, εἶτα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα. Καὶ ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτοὺς παρεκάλεσεν, ἄκουε. ∆ιελθὼν δὲ τὰ μέρη ἐκεῖνα, καὶ παρακαλέσας αὐτοὺς λόγῳ πολλῷ, ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα. Ποιήσας τε μῆνας τρεῖς, γενομένης αὐτῷ ἐπιβουλῆς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων μέλλοντι ἀνάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν Συρίαν, ἐγένετο γνώμη τοῦ ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας. Συνείπετο δὲ αὐτῷ ἄχρι τῆς Ἀσίας Σώπατρος Βεροιαῖος, Θεσσαλονικέων δὲ Ἀρίσταρχος καὶ Σεκοῦνδος καὶ Γάϊος ∆ερβαῖος καὶ Τιμόθεος, Ἀσιανοὶ δὲ Τυχικὸς καὶ Τρόφιμος. Οὗτοι προελθόντες, ἔμενον ἡμᾶς ἐν Τρωάδι. Πάλιν διώκεται ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς Μακεδονίαν. Πῶς δὲ τὸν Τιμόθεον Θεσσαλονικέα φησίν; Οὐ τοῦτο λέγει· ἀλλὰ, Προέλαβον, φησὶν, οὗτοι εἰς τὴν Τρωάδα προοδοποιοῦντες αὐτῷ. Ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐξεπλεύσαμεν μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν Ἀζύμων ἀπὸ Φιλίππων, καὶ ἤλθομεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν Τρωάδα ἄχρις ἡμερῶν πέντε, οὗ διετρίψαμεν ἡμέρας ἑπτά. Καὶ γὰρ τὰς ἑορτὰς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ σπουδάζειν αὐτὸν ποιεῖν ἐν ταῖς μεγάλαις πόλεσιν. Ἀπὸ Φιλίππων ἐκπλεῖ, ἔνθα τὰ κατὰ τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἐγένετο. Τρίτον δὲ τοῦτο εἰς Μακεδονίαν ἐπανῆλθε, καὶ πολλὰ μαρτυρεῖ τοῖς Φιλιππησίοις· διὸ καὶ ἐνδιατρίβει ἐκεῖ. Ἐν δὲ τῇ μιᾷ τῶν Σαββάτων, συνηγμένων ἡμῶν κλάσαι ἄρτον, ὁ Παῦλος διελέγετο αὐτοῖς μέλλων ἐξιέναι· παρέτεινέ τε τὸν λόγον μέχρι μεσονυκτίου. Ὅρα πῶς πάντα πάρεργα ἦν τοῦ κηρύγματος. Πεντηκοστὴ τότε ἦν καὶ Κυριακὴ ἦν· ὁ δὲ καὶ μέχρι μεσονυκτίου τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἐκτείνει· οὕτω τῆς τῶν μαθητῶν σωτηρίας ἐφίετο, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὴν νύκτα ἐσίγα, ἀλλὰ τότε μᾶλλον διελέγετο, ἅτε ἡσυχίας οὔσης. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ πολλὰ διελέγετο, καὶ παρ' αὐτὸν τοῦ δείπνου τὸν καιρόν. Ἀλλὰ συνετάραξε τὴν ἑορτὴν ὁ διάβολος, οὐ μὴν ἴσχυσε, βαπτίσας τὸν ἀκροατὴν ὕπνῳ καὶ κατενεγκών. Καὶ ὅπως συμβαίνει, ἡρμήνευσεν ἐπαγαγών· Ἦσαν δὲ λαμπάδες ἱκαναὶ ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ, οὗ ἦμεν