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1. See him both hastening to sail past, and not neglecting, but the

whole matter ordering. Having sent for the rulers, he relates in their presence the things that had been said. And it is worthy of admiration, how having fallen into the necessity of saying some great things about himself, he tries to be moderate. For just as Samuel, when he was about to hand over the rule to Saul, says in their presence: Have I taken anything from you? You are witnesses, and God also; and David when disbelieved says: I was in the flock feeding the sheep of my father; and when the bear came, I drove it away with my hands; and Paul himself also says to the Corinthians: I have become a fool; you have compelled me. And God also does this very thing, not speaking of Himself without cause; but when He is disbelieved, He brings forward His good deeds. See, then, what he does here too: first he brings forward their testimony, that you may not think his words a boast, and calls the hearers themselves as witnesses of what is said, as one who would not lie in their presence. This is the virtue of a teacher, when he has his disciples as witnesses of his own good deeds. And the wonderful thing is, that he continued to do this not for one day or a second, but for a multitude of years. For you know, he says, how I was with you all the time. He wishes, therefore, to exhort them, so that they might bear all things nobly, both his separation and the trials that were about to happen, just as it also happened in the case of Moses and Joshua. And see what he added, saying: How I was with you all the time, serving the Lord 60.308 with all humility. See what is most fitting for rulers: Hating, he says, arrogance; which is especially fitting for rulers because they are necessarily prone to be lifted up to arrogance. This is the foundation of good things, as indeed Christ also said: Blessed are the poor in spirit. He did not say simply humility, but, With all. For there are many kinds of humility, and it is possible to see humility in word, in deed, towards rulers, towards subjects. Do you wish that I tell you the ways of humility? There are some who happen to be humble towards the humble, but lofty towards the lofty; this is not humility. And there are again others not such, but on either class of persons observing in due season both the humble and the lofty; which is most of all humility. Therefore, being about to teach them such things, lest he should seem to be presumptuous, he lays a foundation beforehand, removing the suspicion. For if I have been with all humility, he says, it is not out of presumption that I say what I say. Then his gentleness: With you, he says, I have been, serving the Lord, showing them to be partners in the good work. So everywhere fellowship is a good thing. Therefore he makes his good works common, and sets nothing of his own apart as special. For what, says he? Could he have been presumptuous against God? And yet there are many who are presumptuous against Him; but this man was not presumptuous even against his own disciples. This is a teacher's good work, to regulate the disciples by his own good works. Then his courage, he says, which he himself also qualifies. With many tears and trials which befell me in the plots of the Jews. Do you see that he grieves at what is happening? And here his compassion also seems to be shown; for he suffered for those who were perishing, for those very ones who were doing it; since for the things done to himself he even rejoiced; for he was of that company that rejoiced, that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name. And again elsewhere he says: Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you; and again: For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, works for us a far more exceeding 60.309 and eternal weight of glory. But he says these things with moderation. But here he shows his courage, and not so much courage, as endurance; as if he said: I was suffering evil things, but with you; and the terrible thing is that it was by Jews. Behold for me here the character of his teaching: he lays down both love and courage. As

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αʹ. Ὅρα αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπειγόμενον παραπλεῦσαι, καὶ μὴ παρορῶντα, ἀλλὰ τὸ

πᾶν οἰκονομοῦντα. Τοὺς ἄρχοντας μεταπεμψάμενος, ἐπ' αὐτῶν τὰ εἰρημένα διέξεισι. Καὶ ἄξιον θαυμάσαι, πῶς εἰς ἀνάγκην ἐμπεσὼν τοῦ μεγάλα τινὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ εἰπεῖν, πειρᾶται μετριάζειν. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ Σαμουὴλ μέλλων παραδιδόναι τῷ Σαοὺλ τὴν ἀρχὴν, ἐπ' αὐτῶν λέγει· Μή τι παρ' ὑμῶν εἴληφα; ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες καὶ ὁ Θεός· καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἀπιστηθεὶς λέγει· Ἐν τῷ ποιμνίῳ ἤμην ποιμαίνων τὰ πρόβατα τοῦ πατρός μου· καὶ ὅτε ἦλθεν ἡ ἄρκτος, ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτὴν ἀπεσόβουν· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Παῦλος πρὸς Κορινθίους φησίν· Ἄφρων γέγονα· ὑμεῖς με ἠναγκάσατε. Καὶ ὁ Θεὸς δὲ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, οὐχ ἁπλῶς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λέγων· ἀλλ' ὅταν ἀπιστῆται, καὶ τὰς εὐεργεσίας προφέρει. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ ἐνταῦθα τί ποιεῖ· πρῶτον αὐτῶν τὴν μαρτυρίαν παράγει, ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς κόμπον εἶναι τὰ ῥήματα, καὶ τοὺς ἀκροατὰς αὐτοὺς μάρτυρας καλεῖ τῶν λεγομένων, ὡς οὐκ ἂν ψευσάμενος ἐπ' αὐτῶν. Αὕτη διδασκάλου ἀρετὴ, ὅταν τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων μάρτυρας ἔχῃ τοὺς μαθητευομένους. Καὶ τὸ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὐ μίαν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ δευτέραν τοῦτο ποιῶν διετέλεσεν, ἀλλὰ πλῆθος ἐτῶν. Ὑμεῖς γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐπίστασθε, πῶς μεθ' ὑμῶν πάντα τὸν χρόνον ἐγενόμην. Βούλεται τοίνυν αὐτοὺς παρακαλέσαι, ὥστε γενναίως φέρειν ἅπαντα, καὶ τὸν αὐτοῦ χωρισμὸν καὶ τοὺς πειρασμοὺς τοὺς μέλλοντας συμβαίνειν, καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ἐπὶ Μωϋσέως καὶ Ἰησοῦ γέγονε. Καὶ ὅρα, τί ἐπήγαγεν εἰπών· Πῶς μεθ' ὑμῶν ἐγενόμην πάντα τὸν χρόνον, δουλεύων τῷ Κυρίῳ 60.308 μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης. Ὅρα, τί μάλιστα ἄρχουσι πρέπει· Μισοῦντας, φησὶν, ὑπερηφανίαν· ὃ μάλιστα ἄρχουσιν ἁρμόζει διὰ τὸ ἀνάγκην εἶναι πρὸς ἀπόνοιαν αὐτοὺς αἴρεσθαι. Τοῦτο ἡ ὑπόθεσις τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγε· Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ ταπεινοφροσύνης εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ, Μετὰ πάσης. Πολλὰ γὰρ εἴδη τῆς ταπεινοφροσύνης, καὶ ἔστι ταπεινοφροσύνην ἰδεῖν ἐν λόγῳ, ἐν ἔργῳ, πρὸς ἄρχοντας, πρὸς ἀρχομένους. Βούλεσθε ὑμῖν τρόπους εἴπω ταπεινοφροσύνης; Εἰσί τινες οἳ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ταπεινοὺς ταπεινοὶ τυγχάνοντες ὦσι, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὑψηλοὺς ὑψηλοί· τοῦτο δὲ οὐ ταπεινοφροσύνης. Εἰσὶ δὲ πάλιν ἕτεροι οὐ τοιοῦτοι, ἀλλ' ἐφ' ἑκατέρων τῶν προσώπων εἰς καιρὸν καὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν τηροῦντες, καὶ τὸ ὑψηλόν· ὃ καὶ μάλιστά ἐστι ταπεινοφροσύνης. Μέλλων τοίνυν διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ἀπονοεῖσθαι, προκαταβάλλει θεμέλιον τὴν ὑποψίαν ἀναιρῶν. Εἰ γὰρ μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης γέγονα, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐξ ἀπονοίας λέγω ἃ λέγω. Εἶτα τὸ ἥμερον· Μεθ' ὑμῶν, φησὶν, ἐγενόμην, δουλεύων τῷ Κυρίῳ, κοινωνοὺς τοῦ κατορθώματος δεικνύων αὐτούς. Οὕτω πανταχοῦ ἡ κοινωνία καλόν. Κοινὰ ποιεῖται τοίνυν τὰ κατορθώματα, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ἐξαίρετον. Τί γὰρ, φησί; κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀπονοηθῆναι εἶχε; Καὶ μὴν πολλοί εἰσιν οἳ ἀπονοοῦνται κατ' αὐτοῦ· οὗτος δὲ οὐδὲ κατὰ τῶν μαθητῶν ἑαυτοῦ ἀπενοήθη. Τοῦτο κατόρθωμα διδασκάλου, ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων τοὺς μαθητὰς ῥυθμίζειν. Εἶτα τὴν ἀνδρείαν, φησὶν, ἣν καὶ αὐτὴν ὑποτέμνεται. Μετὰ πολλῶν δακρύων καὶ πειρασμῶν τῶν συμβάντων μοι ἐν ταῖς ἐπιβουλαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι ἀλγεῖ τοῖς γινομένοις; Ἐνταῦθα δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ συμπαθὲς δοκεῖ δηλοῦν· ἔπασχε γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀπολλυμένων, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τῶν ποιούντων· ἐπεὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν καὶ ἔχαιρεν· ἐκείνου γὰρ ἦν τοῦ χοροῦ τοῦ χαίροντος, ὅτι κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ ἀτιμασθῆναι. Καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ λέγει· Νῦν χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασί μου ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν· καὶ πάλιν· Τὸ γὰρ παραυτίκα ἐλαφρὸν τῆς θλίψεως, καθ' ὑπερβολὴν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν 60.309 αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης κατεργάζεται ἡμῖν. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λέγει μετριάζων. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀνδρείαν, καὶ οὐ τοσοῦτον τὴν ἀνδρείαν, ὅσον τὴν ὑπομονήν· ὡσεὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἔπασχον ἐγὼ κακῶς, ἀλλὰ μεθ' ὑμῶν· καὶ τὸ δεινὸν, ὅτι ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων. Θέα μοι ἐνταῦθα χαρακτῆρα διδασκαλίας· καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην τίθησι καὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν. Ὡς