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I will send you out. See: Christ did not teach him what he must do, but only said to go, and he obeys; so compliant was he! And they lifted up their voice, it says, saying: Away with him; for it is not fitting for him to live. O the audacity! And yet it is not fitting for you to live, not this man who is completely obedient to God. O defiled ones and murderers. And shaking out their garments, it says, they threw dust. So that they do this to make the riot more difficult, or even wishing to frighten the ruler. And see: they do not state the reason, since they had nothing to say, but they think to overwhelm with their shouting; and yet one ought to have learned from the accusers. And the tribune was afraid, it says, when he learned that he was a Roman. It was not then a falsehood for Paul to say he was a Roman. And he loosed him from his bonds, it says, and bringing him down, set him before the Sanhedrin. This he should have done from the beginning, and neither bound him, nor wished to scourge him, but to have left alone one who had done nothing of the sort as to even be bound. And he loosed him, it says, and bringing him down, set him among them. At this the Jews were most perplexed. And Paul, looking intently at the Sanhedrin, it says, said: Men and brethren. Here he shows his boldness, his fearlessness. But see their impudence also; for it adds: But the high priest Ananias commanded to strike his mouth. Why do you strike him? For what insolent thing did he say? O the shamelessness! O the audacity! Then Paul, it says, said to him: God is about to strike you, you whitewashed wall. Amazing boldness! He denounces him for hypocrisy and lawlessness; for this reason, then, he is also suppressed. And he, being at a loss, dares to say nothing, but those beside him, not bearing his boldness. Thus they saw a man mortifying him, and they did not endure it. I did not know, he says, that he is the high priest. The rebuke, therefore, was from ignorance; for if this were not so, he would have taken him and gone away, and not been silent, or the tribune would have given him over to them. Here he shows that he suffers what he suffers willingly; and thus he makes his defense to them, obeying the law, 60.336 not wishing to make a show to them; since he had already strongly condemned them. He makes his defense, therefore, because of the law, but not because of the people; reasonably so; for to kill one who has done no wrong, and that when he is innocent, was unlawful. Therefore, what was said by him was not an insult, unless one might also call Christ's words an insult, when he says: Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, because you are like whitewashed walls. Yes, he says; but if he had said it before being struck, it would not have been of anger, but of boldness. But I stated the reason, that he did not wish to be despised. And yet Christ in many places reviled the Jews when he himself was reviled, as when he says: Do not think that I will accuse you. But this is not an insult, God forbid. See, then, with how much gentleness he speaks to them. I did not know that he is the high priest of God, he says. He said this, and did not stop, but showing that he is not being ironic, he adds: You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people. Do you see how he still acknowledges him as a ruler? Let us then also learn gentleness, so that in both we may be perfected. For much precision is needed, in order to learn what is this, and what is that; and precision is needed, because the vices stand close by them: by boldness, audacity, and by gentleness, cowardice; and it is necessary to look around, lest someone holding a vice, should seem to have the virtue; just as if someone thinking he is with the mistress, should be unaware he is with the handmaid. What then is gentleness, and what is cowardice? When we do not defend others who are being wronged, but are silent ourselves, this is cowardice; but when we ourselves bear it when we suffer wrongly, this is gentleness. What is boldness? Again the same thing, when we contend on behalf of others. And what is audacity? When we wish to defend ourselves. So magnanimity goes with boldness, and audacity again with cowardice. For he who does not grieve for himself will with difficulty grieve for others; but he who does not defend himself will readily defend others. For when our character is pure from passion, it receives

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ἐξαποστελῶ σε. Ὅρα· οὐκ ἐδίδαξεν αὐτὸν ὁ Χριστὸς, τί δεῖ ποιεῖν, ἀλλ' εἶπε μόνον ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πείθεται· τοσοῦτον ἦν καταπειθής! Καὶ ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν, φησὶ, λέγοντες· Αἶρε αὐτόν· οὐ γὰρ καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῇν. Ὢ τῆς θρασύτητος! καὶ μὴν ὑμᾶς οὐ καθήκει ζῇν, οὐχὶ τοῦτον τὸν πάντα πειθόμενον τῷ Θεῷ. Ὦ μιαροὶ καὶ ἀνδροφόνοι. Καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἐκτινάσσοντες, φησὶ, κονιορτὸν ἔβαλον. Ὥστε χαλεπωτέραν γενέσθαι τὴν στάσιν τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν, ἢ καὶ φοβῆσαι βουλόμενοι τὸν ἄρχοντα. Καὶ ὅρα· οὐ λέγουσι τὴν αἰτίαν, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲν εἶχον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ τῇ βοῇ καταπλήξειν οἴονται· καὶ μὴν παρὰ τῶν κατηγόρων ἐχρῆν μαθεῖν. Καὶ ὁ χιλίαρχος ἐφοβήθη, φησὶν, ἐπιγνοὺς, ὅτι Ῥωμαῖός ἐστιν. Οὐκ ἄρα ψεῦδος ἦν τὸ Ῥωμαῖον ἑαυτὸν εἶναι τὸν Παῦλον εἰπεῖν. Καὶ ἔλυσεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν, φησὶ, καὶ καταγαγὼν ἔστησεν εἰς τὸ συνέδριον. Τοῦτο ἔδει ποιῆσαι παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν, καὶ μήτε δῆσαι, μήτε βουληθῆναι μαστίξαι, ἀλλὰ καταλιπεῖν μηδὲν τοιοῦτό τι ποιήσαντα, ὥστε καὶ δεσμεῖσθαι. Καὶ ἔλυσεν αὐτὸν, φησὶ, καὶ καταγαγὼν εἰς αὐτοὺς ἔστησε. Τοῦτο μάλιστα ἠπόρησαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. Ἀτενίσας δὲ Παῦλος τῷ συνεδρίῳ, φησὶν, εἶπεν· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί. Ἐνταῦθα τὴν παῤῥησίαν αὐτοῦ δείκνυσιν, τὸ ἀκατάπληκτον. Ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ ἐκείνων τὸ ἰταμόν· ἐπήγαγε γάρ· Ὁ δὲ ἀρχιερεὺς Ἀνανίας τύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ στόμα ἐπέταξε. ∆ιὰ τί τύπτεις; τί γὰρ εἶπεν ὑβριστικόν; Ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας! ὢ τῆς θρασύτητος! Τότε ὁ Παῦλος πρὸς αὐτὸν, φησὶν, εἶπε· Τύπτειν σε μέλλει ὁ Θεὸς, τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε. Βαβαὶ τῆς παῤῥησίας! εἰς ὑπόκρισιν αὐτὸν καὶ παρανομίαν διασύρει· διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ καταστέλλεται. Καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀπορῶν οὐδὲν τολμᾷ εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' οἱ παρ' αὐτὸν, οὐκ ἐνεγκόντες αὐτοῦ τὴν παῤῥησίαν. Οὕτως εἶδον ἄνθρωπον θανατῶντα, καὶ οὐχ ὑπέμειναν. Οὐκ ᾔδειν, φησὶν, ὅτι ἀρχιερεύς ἐστιν. Ἄρα ἀγνοίας ἡ ἐπιτίμησις ἦν· εἰ γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, κἂν λαβὼν αὐτὸν ἀπῆλθε, καὶ οὐκ ἐσίγησε, κἂν ἐξέδωκεν αὐτοῖς αὐτὸν ὁ χιλίαρχος. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ἑκὼν πάσχει ἃ πάσχει· καὶ οὕτως ἀπολογεῖται πρὸς αὐτοὺς τῷ νόμῳ πειθόμενος 60.336 οὐχὶ αὐτοῖς ἐνδείξασθαι βουλόμενος· ἐπεὶ ἐκείνων καὶ κατεγνώκει σφόδρα. ∆ιὰ τὸν νόμον τοίνυν ἀπολογεῖται, ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ τὸν δῆμον· εἰκότως· τὸ γὰρ τὸν οὐδὲν ἠδικηκότα ἀναιρεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα ἀθῶον ὄντα, παράνομον ἦν. Οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ ὕβρις τὸ παρ' αὐτοῦ εἰρημένον, εἰ μὴ καὶ τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὕβριν εἴποι τις ἂν, ὅταν λέγῃ· Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, Γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὅτι παρομοιάζετε τοίχοις κεκονιαμένοις. Ναὶ, φησίν· ἀλλ' εἰ πρὸ τοῦ τυπτηθῆναι εἶπεν, οὐκ ἦν θυμοῦ, ἀλλὰ παῤῥησίας. Ἀλλ' εἶπον τὴν αἰτίαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἐβούλετο καταφρονηθῆναι. Καὶ μὴν ὁ Χριστὸς πολλαχοῦ ὕβρισεν Ἰουδαίους αὐτὸς ὑβρισθεὶς, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ· Μὴ δοκεῖτε, ὅτι ἐγὼ κατηγορήσω ὑμῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο ὕβρις, μὴ γένοιτο. Ὅρα γοῦν, πρὸς ἐκείνους μεθ' ὅσης ἐπιεικείας διαλέγεται. Οὐκ ᾔδειν, ὅτι ἀρχιερεύς ἐστι, φησὶ, τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο εἶπε, καὶ οὐκ ἔστη, ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐκ εἰρωνεύεται, ἐπάγει· Ἄρχοντα τοῦ λαοῦ σου οὐκ ἐρεῖς κακῶς. Βλέπεις, πῶς καὶ ἄρχοντα αὐτὸν ἔτι ὁμολογεῖ; Μάθωμεν τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν ἐπιείκειαν, ἵνα ἐν ἑκατέροις ὦμεν ἀπηρτισμένοι. Πολλῆς γὰρ ἀκριβείας δεῖ, ὥστε μαθεῖν τί μὲν τοῦτο, τί δὲ ἐκεῖνο· ἀκριβείας δὲ δεῖ, ὅτι παρυφεστᾶσιν αὐταῖς αἱ κακίαι, τῇ μὲν παῤῥησίᾳ θρασύτης, τῇ δὲ ἐπιεικείᾳ ἀνανδρία· καὶ δέον περισκοπεῖν, μὴ τὴν κακίαν τις κατέχων, δόξῃ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἔχειν· ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις δοκῶν τῇ δεσποίνῃ συγγίνεσθαι, ἀγνοοίη τῇ θεραπαινίδι συνών. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ἐπιείκεια, καὶ τί ἀνανδρία; Ὅταν ἑτέροις μὲν ἀδικουμένοις μὴ ἀμύνωμεν, ἀλλὰ σιγῶμεν αὐτοὶ, τοῦτο ἀνανδρίας ἐστίν· ὅταν δὲ αὐτοὶ κακῶς πάσχοντες φέρωμεν, τοῦτο ἐπιείκεια. Τί παῤῥησία; Πάλιν τὸ αὐτὸ, ὅταν ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων ἀγωνιζώμεθα. Τί δαὶ θρασύτης; Ὅταν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἀμύνεσθαι βουλώμεθα. Ὥστε μεγαλοψυχία ὁμοῦ καὶ παῤῥησία, καὶ θρασύτης πάλιν καὶ ἀνανδρία. Ὁ γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ μὴ ἀλγῶν, δυσκόλως ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων ἀλγήσει· ὁ δὲ ἑαυτῷ μὴ ἀμύνων, δυσκόλως ἑτέροις οὐκ ἀμυνεῖται. Ὅταν γὰρ καθαρὸν ᾖ τὸ ἦθος ἡμῖν πάθους, δέχεται