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he sent forth. And observe how those men placed a certain necessity upon themselves through the anathema. Behold, fasting is the mother of murder. Just as Herod placed on himself the necessity of his oath, so also did these men. For such are the devil's snares; he sets the traps under the pretense of piety. And yet they should have come forward, they should have made an accusation, they should have convened a court; for these are not the acts of priests, but of bandit chiefs, not of rulers, but of destroyers. And see the excess of malice. They are not satisfied with corrupting one another, but they also attempt to corrupt the ruler with them; for this reason it was arranged that he too should learn of their plot. But they, not only by having nothing to say, but also by attempting it in secret, proved themselves to be nothing. And it is likely that even after he was sent away, the chief priests came asking for him, and were sent away in shame, having accomplished nothing. And the tribune does this with good reason; for he wished neither to grant a favor nor to consent. And how, it is said, did he believe the things announced by the young man to be true? From what had already happened he surmised that it was likely they would do this too. And see the villainy; it was as if they imposed a necessity upon the chief priests also. And do not be surprised; for if they themselves chose so much, and undertook every risk, it was much more likely that the others would do this. Do you see how by the verdict of those outside Paul is found innocent, just as Christ was by Pilate? But see also how malice is undone by itself. For they handed him over to be both killed and condemned; but the opposite happens, and he is saved, and is found innocent. For if it were not so, he would have been torn to pieces; if it were not so, he would have perished, he would have been condemned. But not only does the tribune rescue him from that attack, but he also becomes his servant, so that he might be saved without danger with such a military escort; and how, listen, for he adds: And having called two of the centurions, he said: Prepare for me two hundred soldiers, to go to Caesarea, and seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen, 60.341 from the third hour of the night, and provide animals, that they may set Paul on them, and bring him to Felix the governor; having written a letter, containing this form: Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix, greetings. This man, who was seized by the Jews and was about to be killed by them, I came upon with the army and rescued, having learned that he is a Roman. And wishing to know the charge for which they accused him, I brought him down to their council. I found him to be accused concerning questions of their law, but having no charge worthy of death or of bonds. And when it was disclosed to me that a plot was about to be made against the man by the Jews, I sent him to you, commanding his accusers also to state their case against him before you. Farewell. See also the letter, containing a defense for him (For nothing, he says, did I find in him worthy of death), but an accusation against them or against this man; so they were putting him to death. And first he says, that I rescued him as he was about to be killed by the Jews; then he adds, that I also brought him down to them; and even so they found nothing to accuse him of; and when they should have been stunned and ashamed over the former matter, they again attempt to kill him, so that the case for him becomes even more brilliant. And why ever does he send the accusers? So that in the court, where these things are examined more precisely, he may be found innocent. Let us therefore look at what has been said from the beginning. I, he says, am a Pharisee. He said this, so as to win them over. Then, so that he might not seem to be flattering, he adds: It is concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead that I am on trial. From their accusation and slander he commends himself; For the Sadducees say that there is neither angel nor spirit. The Sadducees know nothing incorporeal, perhaps not even God, being of a dense nature; whence they do not wish to believe there is a resurrection. And rising up, he says, scribes of the party of the Pharisees, were contending

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προῆκε. Καὶ σκόπει πῶς ἀνάγκην τινὰ ἑαυτοῖς ἐκεῖνοι περιέθηκαν διὰ τοῦ ἀναθεματισμοῦ. Ἰδοὺ νηστεία ἀνδροφονίας μήτηρ. Καθάπερ ὁ Ἡρώδης ἀνάγκην τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὅρκου ἑαυτῷ ἐπέθηκεν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ οὗτοι. Τοιαῦτα γὰρ τὰ διαβολικὰ θήρατρα· προσχήματι δῆθεν εὐλαβείας τὰς παγίδας τίθησι. Καὶ μὴν ἐχρῆν προσελθεῖν, ἐχρῆν αἰτιάσασθαι, δικαστήριον συγκροτῆσαι· ταῦτα γὰρ οὐχ ἱερέων, ἀλλὰ λῃστάρχων, ταῦτα οὐκ ἀρχόντων, ἀλλὰ λυμεώνων. Καὶ ὅρα κακίας ὑπερβολήν. Οὐ μόνον ἀλλήλους διαφθείραντες ἀρκοῦνται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἄρχοντα συνδιαφθεῖραι ἐπιχειροῦσι· διὰ τοῦτο ᾠκονομήθη ὥστε κἀκεῖνον μαθεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπιβουλήν. Αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐ μόνον ἐκ τοῦ μηδὲν ἔχειν εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ λάθρα ἐπιχειρεῖν ἤλεγξαν ἑαυτοὺς οὐδὲν ὄντας. Εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποσταλῆναι αὐτὸν, προσελθεῖν τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς αἰτοῦντας, καὶ καταισχυνθῆναι ἀπράκτους ἀπολυθέντας. Εἰκότως δὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖ ὁ χιλίαρχος· οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἐβούλετο οὔτε χαρίσασθαι οὔτε ἐπινεῦσαι. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶν, ἐπίστευσεν ἀληθῆ εἶναι τὰ ἐπαγγελθέντα παρὰ τοῦ νεανίου; Ἐκ τῶν ἤδη γενομένων ἐστοχάσατο, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι. Καὶ ὅρα τὴν κακουργίαν· ὥσπερ ἀνάγκην καὶ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν ἐπέστησαν. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς· εἰ γὰρ τοσοῦτον εἵλοντο αὐτοὶ, καὶ τὸν κίνδυνον ἀνεδέξαντο πάντα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καὶ ἐκείνους τοῦτο ποιῆσαι εἰκὸς ἦν. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς διὰ τῆς ψήφου τῶν ἔξω ἀθῶος γίνεται ὁ Παῦλος, ὡς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς παρὰ Πιλάτου; Ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ τὴν κακίαν ὑφ' ἑαυτῆς ἀναιρουμένην. Παρέδωκαν μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν, ὥστε καὶ ἀνελεῖν καὶ καταδικάσαι· γίνεται δὲ τοὐναντίον, καὶ σώζεται, καὶ ἀθῶος εὑρίσκεται. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτω, κἂν διεσπάσθη· εἰ μὴ οὕτω, κἂν ἀπώλετο, κἂν κατεδικάσθη. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐκείνης αὐτὸν τῆς ὁρμῆς ἐξαιρεῖται ὁ χιλίαρχος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπηρέτης αὐτῷ γίνεται, ὥστε ἀκινδύνως διασωθῆναι μετὰ τοσαύτης παρατάξεως· καὶ ὅπως, ἄκουε· ἐπάγει γάρ· Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος δύο τινὰς τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων, εἶπε· Ἑτοιμάσατέ μοι στρατιώτας διακοσίους, ὅπως πορευθῶσιν εἰς Καισάρειαν, καὶ ἱππεῖς ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ δεξιολάβους διακο 60.341 σίους, ἀπὸ τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτὸς, κτήνη τε παραστῆσαι, ἵνα ἐπιβιβάσαντες τὸν Παῦλον, ἀγάγωσι πρὸς Φήλικα τὸν ἡγεμόνα· γράψας ἐπιστολὴν, περιέχουσαν τὸν τύπον τοῦτον· Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν. Τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον συλληφθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ μέλλοντα ἀναιρεῖσθαι ὑπ' αὐτῶν, ἐπιστὰς σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι ἐξειλόμην μαθὼν, ὅτι Ῥωμαῖός ἐστι· βουλόμενος δὲ γνῶναι τὴν αἰτίαν, δι' ἣν ἐνεκάλουν αὐτῷ, κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ συνέδριον αὐτῶν. Ὃν εὗρον ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν, μηδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἔγκλημα ἔχοντα. Μηνυθείσης δέ μοι ἐπιβουλῆς μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι εἰς τὸν ἄνδρα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἔπεμψα πρὸς σὲ, παραγγείλας καὶ τοῖς κατηγόροις λέγειν τὰ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ σοῦ. Ἔῤῥωσο· Ὅρα καὶ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀπολογίαν ἔχουσαν μὲν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ (Οὐδὲν γὰρ, φησὶν, εὗρον ἄξιον θανάτου ἔγκλημα ἔχοντα), κατηγορίαν δὲ κατ' ἐκείνων ἢ κατὰ τούτου· οὕτως ἐθανάτων. Καὶ πρῶτον μέν φησιν, ὅτι Μέλλοντα ἀναιρεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐξειλόμην· εἶτα προστίθησιν, ὅτι Καὶ κατήγαγον αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτούς· καὶ οὐδ' οὕτως εὗρόν τι ἐγκαλέσαι ἐκεῖνοι· καὶ δέον ὑπὲρ τοῦ προτέρου καταπλαγῆναι καὶ καταισχυνθῆναι, πάλιν ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἀνελεῖν, ὥστε πάλιν λαμπρότερον γενέσθαι τὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ λόγον. Καὶ τί δήποτε τοὺς κατηγόρους πέμπει; Ἵνα ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ, ἔνθα ταῦτα ἀκριβέστερον γυμνάζεται, ἀθῶος γένηται. Ἴδωμεν τοίνυν ἄνωθεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Ἐγὼ, φησὶ, Φαρισαῖός εἰμι. Τοῦτο εἶπεν, ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ κολακεύειν, ἐπάγει· Περὶ ἐλπίδος καὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν ἐγὼ κρίνομαι. Ἀπὸ τῆς κατηγορίας αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς διαβολῆς συνίστησιν ἑαυτόν· Σαδδουκαῖοι μὲν γὰρ λέγουσι μὴ εἶναι ἄγγελον, μήτε πνεῦμα. Οὐδὲν ἀσώματον ἴσασι Σαδδουκαῖοι, τάχα οὐδὲ τὸν Θεὸν, παχεῖς τινες ὄντες· ὅθεν οὐδὲ ἀνάστασιν βούλονται εἶναι πιστεύειν. Καὶ ἀναστάντες, φησὶ, γραμματεῖς τοῦ μέρους τῶν Φαρισαίων, διεμάχοντο