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If you wish, let us again 60.377 go over the same things from the beginning. Cain killed his brother, but in this he rather benefited him; for hear what he says: The voice of your brother's blood cries to me; and again elsewhere, to blood, he says, that speaks better than that of Abel. He freed him from the uncertainty of the future, he increased his reward; we all learned the love which God had for him. For what harm has he suffered, receiving his end sooner? None; for tell me, what do those who die later gain? Nothing; for prosperity comes not from living many years or few, but from using life for a good purpose. The three young men were cast into the furnace, and through this they became more illustrious; Daniel into the den, and from there he was made more conspicuous. 3. Do you see everywhere that temptations bring forth great good things both here, not to mention there; but in the case of wickedness the same thing happens, as if someone with a reed were to array himself against a fire; for such a one seems to strike the fire, but he makes it brighter, and consumes himself. For wickedness becomes food and a subject of brightness for virtue; for when God uses injustice for a good purpose, our affairs shine more brightly. Again, whenever the devil does such a thing, he makes those who endure more illustrious. Why then, he says, did this not happen in the case of Adam, but he became more dishonored? Most of all, God used this for a good purpose for him too; but if he suffered anything, he wronged himself; for the things done to us by others become causes of great good for us, but the things done by ourselves are no longer so. For since when wronged by others we feel pain, but not by ourselves, God shows that he who suffers unjustly from another is well-pleasing, but he who wrongs himself is harmed; and very rightly, so that we may bear the one nobly, but no longer the other; besides, the whole matter there was Adam's. For why did you obey your wife? For why did you not reject her when she gave contrary advice? You have certainly become the cause, since if it were the devil, all who are tempted would have to perish because of this; but if they do not perish, the cause lies with us. But, he says, ought all who are tempted to succeed, or if the cause lies with us, ought we to perish even without the devil? This also happens; for many perish even without the devil; for he does not prepare everything, but many things also happen from our own sluggishness alone; and if he is in any way the cause, it is because we provide the beginning. For tell me, when did the devil prevail over Judas? When Satan, it says, entered into him. But hear the reason: because he was a thief, and carried what was put in. He himself gave him wide room for entry; so that it is not the devil who puts in the beginning, but we receive him and call him. But if it were not for him, he says, the terrible things would not have become great. But our punishment was bound to be inexorable; for now, beloved, the things of punishment are milder for us, but if we did the terrible things by ourselves, the penalty would have been unbearable. For tell me, if Adam had sinned these things that he sinned without counsel, who would have snatched him from the dangers; 60.378 But he would not have sinned, he says. From where do you tell me this? For one so vain and indolent and ready for folly as to accept such counsel, would much more have done this even without it. What devil cast Joseph's brothers into envy? If we are sober, therefore, beloved, the devil becomes a cause of our good repute. For what harm did his great machination do to Job? Do not say this, he says, but the weak one is harmed. But the weak one is harmed even if there is no devil. But more greatly, he says, with his activity. But he is punished less, when he sins with his activity; for not all sins have the same penalties. Let us not deceive ourselves; the devil is not the cause for us, if we are sober; he rather awakens us, he rouses us. For tell me (let us examine these things for now), let there be no wild beasts, let there be no irregularity of the airs, no disease, no griefs, no despondencies, no other such thing; what would man not have become? A pig rather than

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εἰ βούλεσθε, πάλιν 60.377 ἄνωθεν τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπέλθωμεν. Ὁ Καῒν τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀνεῖλεν, ἀλλὰ ταύτῃ μᾶλλον ὠφέλησεν· ἄκουσον γὰρ τί φησι· Φωνὴ αἵματος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου βοᾷ πρός με· καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ, Αἵματι, φησὶ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἄβελ. Ἀπήλλαξεν αὐτὸν τῆς ἀδηλίας τοῦ μέλλοντος, τὸν μισθὸν ηὔξησε· τὴν ἀγάπην ἐμάθομεν πάντες, ἣν ὁ Θεὸς ἔσχε πρὸς αὐτόν. Τί γὰρ ἠδίκηται, δεξάμενος τάχιον τὴν τελευτήν; Οὐδέν· τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, οἱ βράδιον τελευτῶντες κερδαίνουσιν; Οὐδέν· οὐδὲ γὰρ παρὰ τὸ πολλὰ ζῇν ἔτη ἢ ὀλίγα ἡ εὐημερία, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὸ εἰς δέον κεχρῆσθαι τῇ ζωῇ. Οἱ τρεῖς παῖδες ἐνεβλήθησαν εἰς κάμινον, καὶ διὰ τούτου γεγόνασι λαμπρότεροι· ὁ ∆ανιὴλ εἰς λάκκον, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν περιφανέστερος κατέστη. γʹ. Ὁρᾷς πανταχοῦ τοὺς πειρασμοὺς μεγάλα τίκτοντας ἀγαθὰ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, μήτι γε ἐκεῖ· ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς κακίας ταυτὸν γίνεται, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις κάλαμον ἔχων παρατάττοιτο πρὸς πῦρ· ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος δοκεῖ μὲν πλήττειν τὸ πῦρ, αὐτὸ δὲ λαμπρότερον ποιεῖ, καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀναλίσκει. Τροφὴ γὰρ γίνεται ἡ κακία καὶ ὑπόθεσις λαμπρότητος τῇ ἀρετῇ· τῇ γὰρ ἀδικίᾳ εἰς δέον τοῦ Θεοῦ χρωμένου, τὰ ἡμέτερα λάμπει μᾶλλον. Πάλιν ὁ διάβολος ὅταν ἐργάζηταί τι τοιοῦτον, λαμπροτέρους ποιεῖ τοὺς ὑπομένοντας. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ οὐ γέγονε τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ἀτιμότερος γέγονε; Μάλιστα μὲν κἀκείνῳ ὁ Θεὸς εἰς δέον ἐχρήσατο· εἰ δέ πού τι ἔπαθεν, αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἠδίκησε· τὰ μὲν γὰρ παρ' ἑτέρων εἰς ἡμᾶς γινόμενα μεγάλων ἡμῖν ἀγαθῶν αἴτια γίνεται, τὰ δὲ παρ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν οὐκέτι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀδικούμενοι μὲν ὑφ' ἑτέρων, ἀλγοῦμεν, ὑπὸ δὲ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν οὐκέτι, δείκνυσιν ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι ὁ μὲν παρ' ἑτέρου ἀδίκως πάσχων, εὐδοκιμεῖ, ὁ δὲ ἑαυτὸν ἀδικῶν, βλάπτεται· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως, ἵνα ἐκεῖνο μὲν γενναίως φέρωμεν, τοῦτο δὲ μηκέτι· ἄλλως τε τὸ πᾶν ἐκεῖ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ γέγονε. ∆ιὰ τί γὰρ ἐπείθου τῇ γυναικί; διὰ τί γὰρ ἐναντία συμβουλεύουσαν οὐκ ἀπεκρούσω; Σὺ πάντως γέγονας αἴτιος, ἐπειδὴ εἰ ὁ διάβολος ἦν, ἔδει κατὰ τοῦτο τοὺς πειραζομένους πάντας ἀπόλλυσθαι· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀπόλλυνται, παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ αἰτία. Ἀλλ' ἔδει, φησὶ, πάντας τοὺς πειραζομένους κατορθοῦν, ἢ εἰ παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ αἰτία, ἔδει καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ διαβόλου ἀπόλλυσθαι; Τοῦτο καὶ γίνεται· καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ διαβόλου ἀπόλλυνται· οὐ γὰρ δὴ πάντα αὐτὸς κατασκευάζει, ἀλλὰ πολλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ μόνης γίνεται τῆς νωθείας τῆς ἡμετέρας· εἰ δέ που κἀκεῖνος αἴτιος, ἡμῶν τὴν ἀρχὴν παρεχόντων. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, πότε ὁ διάβολος ἴσχυσεν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα; Ὅτε εἰσῆλθε, φησὶν, εἰς αὐτὸν ὁ Σατανᾶς. Ἀλλ' ἄκουσον τὴν αἰτίαν· ὅτι κλέπτης ἦν, καὶ τὰ βαλλόμενα ἐβάσταζεν. Αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ εὐρυχωρίαν τῆς εἰσόδου· ὥστε οὐχ ὁ διάβολος τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐντίθησιν, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς αὐτὸν δεχόμεθα καὶ καλοῦμεν. Ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ ἐκεῖνος, φησὶν, ἦν, οὐκ ἂν μεγάλα ἐγένετο τὰ δεινά. Ἀλλ' ἀπαραίτητος ἡμῖν ἔμελλεν εἶναι ἡ κόλασις· νῦν μὲν γὰρ, ἀγαπητὲ, τὰ τῆς κολάσεως ἡμῖν ἡμερώτερα, εἰ δὲ δι' ἑαυτῶν εἰργαζόμεθα τὰ δεινὰ, ἀφόρητος ἦν ἡ τιμωρία. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἰ ταῦτα, ἃ ἥμαρτεν ὁ Ἀδὰμ, χωρὶς συμβουλῆς ἥμαρτε, τίς αὐτὸν ἂν ἐξήρπασε τῶν κινδύνων· 60.378 Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἥμαρτε, φησί. Πόθεν μοι τοῦτο λέγεις; Ὁ γὰρ οὕτω χαῦνος καὶ ῥᾴθυμος καὶ πρὸς ἄνοιαν ἕτοιμος, ὥστε δέξασθαι τοιαύτην συμβουλὴν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καὶ χωρὶς τούτου τοῦτο γέγονεν ἄν. Ποῖος διάβολος τοὺς τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἀδελφοὺς εἰς φθόνον ἐνέβαλεν; Ἂν νήφωμεν τοίνυν, ἀγαπητοὶ, καὶ εὐδοκιμήσεως ἡμῖν αἴτιος ὁ διάβολος γίνεται. Τί γὰρ ἔβλαψε τὸν Ἰὼβ ἡ τοσαύτη αὐτοῦ μηχανή; Μὴ εἴπῃς, φησὶ, τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ὁ ἀσθενὴς βλάπτεται. Ἀλλ' ὁ ἀσθενὴς, κἂν μὴ διάβολος ᾖ, βλάπτεται. Ἀλλὰ μειζόνως, φησὶ, μετὰ τῆς ἐκείνου ἐνεργείας. Ἀλλ' ἔλαττον, ὅταν μετὰ τῆς ἐκείνου ἐνεργείας ἁμάρτῃ, κολάζεται· οὐ γὰρ πάντων τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων αἱ αὐταὶ τιμωρίαι. Μὴ ἀπατῶμεν ἑαυτούς· οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ὁ διάβολος αἴτιος, ἐὰν νήφωμεν· ἐκεῖνος ἡμᾶς μᾶλλον ἀφυπνίζει, ἐκεῖνος ἡμᾶς διεγείρει. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι (τέως ταῦτα ἐξετάσωμεν), μὴ ἔστω θηρία, μὴ ἔστω ἀνωμαλία ἀέρων, μὴ νόσος, μὴ λῦπαι, μὴ ἀθυμίαι, μὴ ἕτερόν τι τῶν τοιούτων· τί οὐκ ἂν ἐγένετο ὁ ἄνθρωπος; Χοῖρος μᾶλλον ἢ