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Demetrius turns and flees to Ptolemais, but not being received by Cleopatra his wife, he fled to Tyre, and having been captured and suffering many things, he was killed. And Alexander, having taken over the kingdom, makes a friendship with Hyrcanus. And when Antiochus Grypus, the son of Demetrius, rose up against him, having been defeated in battle, he perished. And this Antiochus, having become king of Syria, for many years fought with his brother Antiochus, who was called Cyzicenus because he was raised in Cyzicus, for the kingdom. Now he was the son of Antiochus, the brother of Demetrius who died among the Parthians, so as to be a half-brother of Antiochus Grypus; for Cleopatra had lived with the two 1.337 brothers, with Demetrius first and with Antiochus afterwards, as has been written before, and from Demetrius she bore Antiochus Grypus, and from Antiochus Soter, the brother of Demetrius, she begat Antiochus Cyzicenus. And while they fought against each other, Hyrcanus was at peace, and scorning the Antiochi he revolted, no longer providing anything to them; and at his leisure he reaped the fruits of Judea, so as to gather an immense amount of money. And having campaigned also against Samaria, he besieged it through his sons Aristobulus and Antigonus. And as famine pressed the city, the Samaritans summoned Antiochus Cyzicenus for an alliance. He, having engaged with the forces of Aristobulus, is defeated; then again gathering a multitude, he ravaged the land of Hyrcanus, so as to force him to lift the siege. And losing many of those with him, he departed to Tripolis. And Hyrcanus, having captured Samaria, utterly destroyed it. And it is said that, on the day his sons fought with Antiochus, he himself, as high priest, alone in the temple burning incense, heard a voice that his sons had just now defeated Antiochus; and going out he announced to the multitude what had been heard. And so it happened. But Hyrcanus, having been successful, was envied by the Jews, and was especially hated by the Pharisees; these are one of the sects among the Jews, there being three. These Pharisees, then, believe in fate, but that some things are also in our power to happen and not to happen. But the Essenes believe that fate is mistress of all things and that everything happens to men from it. But the Sadducees reject fate, and place everything in our power, teaching that we are the cause of good things 1.338 for ourselves and that we choose worse things for ourselves through foolishness. Although the Pharisees were formerly friendly toward Hyrcanus, for he had been their disciple, it happened from a certain cause that he acquired an enmity toward them. And these were exceedingly powerful among the multitude. But Hyrcanus joined the party of the Sadducees, having broken away from the Pharisees, and he proposed to abolish the laws handed down by them. For the Sadducees said that one must consider as laws those things that were written, and not observe those from tradition. For these reasons Hyrcanus was hated by the Pharisees. And having lived prosperously for thirty-one years, he died, leaving five sons. And it is said that he was also deemed worthy of prophecy, and to have foretold concerning his two eldest sons that they would not remain masters of affairs. And when Hyrcanus died, Aristobulus succeeded to the rule; and having decided to change it into a kingdom, he put on a diadem, four hundred and eighty-one years since the people returned from Babylon to Jerusalem. This man imprisoned his other brothers and his mother, who had disputed the rule with him, but he loved Antigonus, who came after him, and deemed him worthy of similar honors. He therefore destroyed his mother by starvation, and he added also his brother Antigonus, having believed slanders. For when he had returned splendidly from a campaign, Aristobulus was sick; and while the feast of tabernacles was being celebrated, Antigonus went up to the temple with the soldiers around him, splendidly adorned. And those slandering him 1.339 to his brother said that he had not come to the feast as a private citizen, but using royal splendor, and that with such a great

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τρέπεται ∆ημήτριος καὶ φεύγει εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα, μὴ δεχθεὶς δὲ παρὰ Κλεοπάτρας τῆς γυναικὸς εἰς Τύρον ἀπέδρα, ἁλοὺς δὲ καὶ πολλὰ παθὼν διεφθάρη. ̓Αλέξανδρος δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν παραλαβὼν φιλίαν ποιεῖται πρὸς ̔Υρκανόν. ἐπαναστάντος δὲ αὐτῷ ̓Αντιόχου τοῦ Γρυποῦ τοῦ παιδὸς ∆ημητρίου, ἡττηθεὶς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ ἀπώλετο. Βασιλεὺς δὲ Συρίας ὁ ̓Αντίοχος ουτος γενόμενος, ἐπὶ πολλοῖς ετεσι μετὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ̓Αντιόχου, τοῦ ἐπικληθέντος Κυζικηνοῦ οτι ἐν Κυζίκῳ ἐτράφη, περὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐμάχετο. ην δὲ ουτος υἱὸς ̓Αντιόχου τοῦ θανόντος ἐν Πάρθοις τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ∆ημητρίου, ὡς ἑτεροθαλὴς ἀδελφὸς ὑπάρχειν τοῦ Γρυποῦ ̓Αντιόχου· ἡ γὰρ Κλεοπάτρα τοῖς δυσὶ συνῴκησεν 1.337 ἀδελφοῖς, τῷ ∆ημητρίῳ τε πρότερον καὶ τῷ ̓Αντιόχῳ μετέπειτα, ὡς προγέγραπται, καὶ ἐκ μὲν ∆ημητρίου τὸν Γρυπὸν ̓Αντίοχον τέτοκεν, ἐξ ̓Αντιόχου δὲ τοῦ Σωτῆρος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ∆ημητρίου τὸν Κυζικηνὸν ̓Αντίοχον ἐγείνατο. ἐν οσῳ δ' ουτοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐμάχοντο, ὁ ̔Υρκανὸς ἠρέμει, καὶ καταφρονήσας τῶν ̓Αντιόχων ἀπέστη, μηδὲν ετι παρέχων αὐτοῖς· καὶ κατὰ σχολὴν ἐκαρποῦτο τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν, ὡς απειρόν τι πλῆθος χρημάτων συναγαγεῖν. στρατεύσας δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ Σαμάρειαν ἐπολιόρκει αὐτὴν διὰ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ̓Αριστοβούλου καὶ ̓Αντιγόνου. λιμοῦ δὲ τὴν πόλιν πιέζοντος οἱ Σαμαρεῖς εἰς συμμαχίαν μετεκαλέσαντο τὸν ̓Αντίοχον τὸν Κυζικηνόν. ος τοῖς περὶ ̓Αριστόβουλον συμβαλὼν ἡττᾶται· ειτ' αυθις συλλέξας πλῆθος τὴν χώραν ἐπόρθει τοῦ ̔Υρκανοῦ, ιν' ουτως ἀναγκάσῃ αὐτὸν λῦσαι τὴν πολιορκίαν. πολλοὺς δὲ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ ἀποβάλλων ἀπῆρεν εἰς Τρίπολιν. ̔Υρκανὸς δὲ τὴν Σαμάρειαν ἑλὼν πᾶσαν ἠφάνισε. Λέγεται δέ, καθ' ην ἡμέραν οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τῷ ̓Αντιόχῳ ἐμάχοντο, αὐτὸς ὡς ἀρχιερεὺς μόνος ἐν τῷ ναῷ θυμιῶν ἀκοῦσαι φωνῆς ὡς οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ αρτι νενικήκασι τὸν ̓Αντίοχον· καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἀπήγγειλε τῷ πλήθει τὸ ἀκουσθέν. καὶ γέγονεν ουτως. εὐπραγήσας δὲ ̔Υρκανὸς ἐφθονήθη παρὰ τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων, μάλιστα δ' ἐμισεῖτο παρὰ τῶν Φαρισαίων· οἱ δ' εἰσὶ μία τῶν παρὰ ̓Ιουδαίοις αἱρέσεων, τριῶν οὐσῶν. ουτοι μὲν ουν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι εἱμαρμένην δοξάζουσι, τινὰ δὲ καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῖν ειναι συμβαίνειν τε καὶ μὴ γίνεσθαι. ̓Εσσηνοὶ δὲ πάντων κυρίαν ειναι τὴν εἱμαρμένην δοξάζουσι καὶ πάντα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐξ ἐκείνης συμβαίνειν. Σαδδουκαῖοι δὲ τὴν μὲν εἱμαρμένην ἐκβάλλουσι, πάντα δὲ ἐφ' ἡμῖν τίθενται, καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν 1.338 ἡμᾶς ἑαυτοῖς αἰτίους ειναι διδάσκοντες καὶ τὰ χείρω δι' ἀβουλίαν ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν αἱρεῖσθαι. τῶν γοῦν Φαρισαίων πρότερον φιλίως ἐχόντων πρὸς ̔Υρκανόν, μαθητὴς γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐγεγόνει, συνέβη ἐξ αἰτίας τινὸς εχθραν κτήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτόν. ἠδύναντο δὲ ουτοι παρὰ τῷ πλήθει σφόδρα. ̔Υρκανὸς δὲ τῇ τῶν Σαδδουκαίων προσετέθη μοίρᾳ, τῶν Φαρισαίων ἀπορραγείς, καὶ τὰ ὑπ' αὐτῶν παραδοθέντα νόμιμα καταλῦσαι προέθετο. οἱ Σαδδουκαῖοι γὰρ ἐκεῖνα δεῖν ἡγεῖσθαι νόμιμα ελεγον τὰ γεγραμμένα, τὰ δὲ ἐκ παραδόσεως μὴ τηρεῖν. διὰ ταῦτα μεμίσητο παρὰ τῶν Φαρισαίων ὁ ̔Υρκανός. βιώσας δὲ εὐτυχῶς ἐπ' ετη τριάκοντα πρὸς ἑνὶ ἐτελεύτησεν ἐφ' υἱοῖς πέντε. λέγεται δὲ καὶ προφητείας ἀξιωθῆναι, καὶ προειπεῖν περὶ τῶν δύο αὐτοῦ παίδων τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ὡς οὐ μενοῦσι τῶν πραγμάτων κύριοι. Τελευτήσαντος δὲ ̔Υρκανοῦ ̓Αριστόβουλος τὴν ἀρχὴν διεδέξατο· καὶ εἰς βασιλείαν μεταθεῖναι ταύτην δόξαν αὐτῷ διάδημα περιτίθεται, μετὰ τετρακόσια ετη καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα πρὸς ἑνὶ ἐξ οτου ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος ὁ λαὸς πρὸς ̔Ιερουσαλὴμ ἐπανῆλθεν. ουτος τοὺς μὲν αλλους τῶν ἀδελφῶν καὶ τὴν μητέρα περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῷ διενεχθεῖσαν καθεῖρξε, τὸν δὲ μετ' αὐτὸν ̓Αντίγονον ἠγάπα καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων ἠξίου. τὴν μὲν ουν μητέρα λιμῷ διέφθειρε, προσέθετο δὲ καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ̓Αντίγονον διαβολαῖς πιστεύσας. λαμπρῶς γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ στρατείας ἐπανελθόντος ἐνόσει ὁ ̓Αριστόβουλος· ἑορταζομένης δὲ τῆς σκηνοπηγίας ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ὁ ̓Αντίγονος μετὰ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ὁπλιτῶν κεκοσμημένος λαμπρῶς. οἱ δὲ τοῦτον 1.339 πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν διαβάλλοντες μὴ κατ' ἰδιώτην αὐτὸν ελεγον ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, ἀλλὰ βασιλικῇ κεχρημένον λαμπρότητι, καὶ οτι μετὰ τοσαύτης