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leading thirty thousand Jews, he kills about ten thousand. And having settled the affairs in Jerusalem as Antipater wished, and having accomplished other great military deeds, he departed for Rome, handing over the command to Crassus. This Crassus, coming to Judea, took away all the money in the temple, which Pompey had not touched, and it was two thousand talents, and stripping the temple, he plundered all its adornment, reckoned at eight thousand talents of gold. He also took a beam of hammered gold made of three hundred minas. The mina among the Jews weighs two and a half litras. Taking these things, he set out against the Parthians; and he was destroyed with his army. But Cassius, fleeing from there to Syria, also went up into Judea. At any rate, Antipater had great influence with him, and among the Idumaeans, from whom he took a wife from Arabia, Cypros by name, from whom he had four sons, Phasael and Herod, Joseph and Pheroras, and a daughter, Salome. But later in time, Gaius Julius Caesar, having seized Rome after Pompey and the greater part of the senate had fled from there, released Aristobulus and sent him to Syria with an army. But Pompey's supporters, acting first, destroy Aristobulus with poison. And Scipio, at the written instruction of Pom1.350 pey, beheaded Alexander, son of Aristobulus. And after Pompey's death, Antipater made himself useful in many ways to Caesar as he was warring against Egypt, so that Caesar employed him for the entire war; where it also happened that he was wounded. And Antigonus, son of Aristobulus, also coming to Caesar at that time, begged him to take pity on him, having been cast out of his rule, and he reminded him of his father and how he had died on his account. But Antipater, also being present, defended himself. And since his arguments seemed more prevailing, Caesar confirmed the high priesthood for Hyrcanus, and appointed Antipater procurator of Judea. And as Caesar was departing for Rome, Antipater set in order the affairs of Judea. But seeing that Hyrcanus was slow and sluggish, he appointed Phasael, the eldest of his sons, general of Jerusalem and the surrounding areas, and he put Herod, the next one, who was very young, in charge of Galilee. And Herod, being noble in spirit, made his office an occasion for a display of virtue, and capturing Hezekiah the arch-brigand, who with a large band was plundering the neighboring parts of Syria, he kills him, and most of those with him; for which reason he was beloved by the Syrians. And on this account he also became known to Sextus Caesar, who was a kinsman of the great Caesar and governor of Syria. And Phasael also emulated his brother. And these things caused Antipater to receive royal honor from the nation. But the leading men of the Jews were on this account envious of Antipater and his sons, and they were afraid, seeing that Herod was violent and daring and enamored of tyranny, and they accused 1.351 Antipater to Hyrcanus, and stirred him up against him and his sons, saying that they were not procurators of the kingdom's affairs, but masters. For Herod had killed Hezekiah and many of those with him, although the law forbade a man to be put to death, even if he were wicked, unless he were first condemned by the Sanhedrin. And Hyrcanus was provoked to anger by these things. And the mothers of those slain by Herod further inflamed his anger, begging that he should pay the penalty for what he had done. Hyrcanus, therefore, being moved, summoned Herod to be judged. But he came with a sufficient band of followers, so as not to go to his trial unarmed and unprotected. And coming into the Sanhedrin with his band, he terrified them all, and no one dared to accuse him, but there was perplexity as to what should be done. But a certain Samaias by name, a just man and confident as a lion, said: "O men, I know of no one summoned to trial who has presented himself thus, nor, I think, do you, but everyone who is to be judged stands in the posture of one who is afraid. But this fine Herod, on trial for murder, stands with armed men around him, in case he should be condemned according to the law,

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τρισμυρίους αγοντι ̓Ιουδαίους κτείνει περὶ μυρίους. καταστησάμενος δὲ τὰ ἐν ̔Ιεροσολύμοις ὡς ̓Αντίπατρος ηθελε, καὶ αλλα δὲ στρατηγήσας εργα μεγάλα, εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἀπῆρε, Κράσσῳ παραδοὺς τὴν ἀρχήν. ουτος δ' ὁ Κράσσος εἰς τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν ἐλθὼν καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ χρήματα, ων οὐχ ηψατο ὁ Πομπήιος, ησαν δὲ δισχίλια τάλαντα, πάντα ἀφείλετο, καὶ τὸν ναὸν περιδύσας τὸν κόσμον πάντα ἐσύλησεν, εἰς τάλαντα χρυσοῦ ὀκτακισχίλια ἀριθμούμενον. ελαβε δὲ καὶ δοκὸν σφυρήλατον ἐκ χρυσοῦ μνῶν τριακοσίων πεποιημένην. ἡ δὲ μνᾶ παρ' ̓Ιουδαίοις ελκει λίτρας δύο καὶ ἡμίσειαν. ταῦτα λαβὼν ἐπὶ Πάρθους ἐξώρμησε· καὶ ἐφθάρη σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι. Κάσσιος δὲ εἰς Συρίαν ἐκεῖθεν φυγὼν καὶ εἰς τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν ἀνέβη. μέγα γοῦν παρ' αὐτῷ δεδύνητο ὁ ̓Αντίπατρος, καὶ παρὰ ̓Ιδουμαίοις, παρ' οις αγεται γυναῖκα ἐξ ̓Αραβίας, Κύπρον ονομα, ἐξ ης αὐτῷ τέσσαρες ἐγένοντο υἱοί, Φασάηλος καὶ ̔Ηρώδης, ̓Ιωσὴφ καὶ Φερώρας, καὶ θυγάτηρ Σαλώμη. χρόνῳ δὲ υστερον Καῖσαρ ̓Ιούλιος Γάιος, κατασχὼν τὴν ̔Ρώμην μετὰ τὸ Πομπήιον καὶ τὸ πλέον τῆς συγκλήτου ἐκεῖθεν φυγεῖν, λύσας τὸν ̓Αριστόβουλον εἰς Συρίαν επεμπε σὺν στρατεύματι. ἀλλὰ φθάσαντες οἱ τὰ Πομπηίου φρονοῦντες φαρμάκῳ τὸν ̓Αριστόβουλον διαφθείρουσι. Σκιπίων δέ, ἐπιστείλαντος αὐτῷ Πομ1.350 πηίου, τὸν ̓Αριστοβούλου ̓Αλέξανδρον ἐπελέκισε. μετὰ δὲ τὸν Πομπηίου θάνατον Καίσαρι πολεμοῦντι κατ' Αιγυπτον εἰς πολλὰ χρήσιμον ἑαυτὸν παρέσχεν ̓Αντίπατρος, ωστε τὸν Καίσαρα κεχρῆσθαι αὐτῷ εἰς πάντα τὸν πόλεμον· οπου καὶ τρωθῆναι συμβέβηκεν αὐτόν. ἐλθὼν δὲ καὶ ̓Αντίγονος τότε ὁ ̓Αριστοβούλου πρὸς Καίσαρα ἐδεῖτο λαβεῖν οικτον αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐκβεβλημένου, καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀνεμίμνησκε καὶ ὡς δι' αὐτὸν ἀποθάνοι. παρὼν δὲ καὶ ὁ ̓Αντίπατρος ἀπελογεῖτο. δοξάντων δὲ τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ ἐπικρατεστέρων, ὁ Καῖσαρ ̔Υρκανῷ μὲν τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην ἐπεβεβαίωσεν, ̓Αντίπατρον δὲ ἀπέδειξε τῆς ̓Ιουδαίας ἐπίτροπον. ὡς δὲ Καῖσαρ εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀπῄει, ὁ ̓Αντίπατρος τὰ κατὰ τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν καθίστα. βραδὺν δὲ ὁρῶν καὶ νωθῆ τὸν ̔Υρκανόν, Φασάηλον μὲν τὸν πρεσβύτατον τῶν παίδων ̔Ιεροσολυμιτῶν καὶ τῶν πέριξ στρατηγὸν ἀποδείκνυσι, τὸν δὲ μετ' αὐτὸν ̔Ηρώδην, οντα λίαν νεώτατον, τῆς Γαλιλαίας προυστήσατο. Γενναῖος δ' ων ὁ ̔Ηρώδης τὸ φρόνημα, ἀφορμὴν εἰς ἐπίδειξιν ἀρετῆς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐποιήσατο, καὶ τὸν ἀρχιλῃστὴν ̓Εζεκίαν σὺν μεγάλῳ στίφει τὰ προσεχῆ τῆς Συρίας ληιζόμενον συλλαβὼν κτείνει, καὶ πλείστους τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ· οθεν τοῖς Σύροις πεφίλητο. ἐγένετο δὲ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Σέξτῳ Καίσαρι γνώριμος, οντι τοῦ μεγάλου Καίσαρος συγγενεῖ καὶ αρχοντι τῆς Συρίας. ζηλοῖ δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν καὶ Φασάηλος. ταῦτα δὲ ἐποίει τιμῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ εθνους τυγχάνειν βασιλικῆς τὸν ̓Αντίπατρον. οἱ δ' ἐν τέλει τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων διὰ ταῦτα ἐβάσκαινον τῷ ̓Αντιπάτρῳ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐδεδίεσαν ὁρῶντες βίαιον καὶ τολμηρὸν τὸν ̔Ηρώδην καὶ τυραννίδος ἐρῶντα, καὶ κατηγόρουν 1.351 ̓Αντιπάτρου πρὸς ̔Υρκανόν, καὶ ἠρέθιζον κατ' αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ, λέγοντες μὴ ἐπιτρόπους ειναι τῶν τῆς βασιλείας πραγμάτων, ἀλλὰ δεσπότας. καὶ γὰρ τὸν ̔Ηρώδην κτεῖναι τὸν ̓Εζεκίαν καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν σὺν ἐκείνῳ, τοῦ νόμου ἀπειρηκότος ανθρωπον ἀναιρεῖσθαι, καν πονηρὸς ειη, εἰ μὴ πρότερον ὑπὸ τοῦ συνεδρίου κατακριθείη. ̔Υρκανὸς δὲ τούτοις ἠρέθιστο εἰς ὀργήν. προσεξῆψαν δὲ τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ αἱ μητέρες τῶν ὑπὸ ̔Ηρώδου πεφονευμένων, παρακαλοῦσαι ινα δίκας ὑπόσχῃ τῶν πεπραγμένων. κινηθεὶς ουν ὁ ̔Υρκανὸς ̔Ηρώδην ἐκάλει δικασόμενον. ὁ δὲ ηκε μετὰ στίφους ἀποχρῶντος αὐτῷ, ωστε μὴ γυμνὸν καὶ ἀφύλακτον ἰέναι πρὸς δίκην. ἐλθὼν δὲ ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ μετὰ τοῦ στίφους κατέπληξεν απαντας, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐθάρρει κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' ην ἀπορία τοῦ τί χρὴ ποιεῖν. εις δέ τις Σαμαῖος ὀνόματι, δίκαιος ἀνὴρ καὶ πεποιθὼς ὡς λέων, ειπεν "ω ανδρες, οὐκ οιδά τινα τῶν κεκλημένων εἰς δίκην ουτω παραστάντα, ουτε ὑμεῖς, οιμαι, ἀλλὰ πᾶς κριθησόμενος δεδιότος παρίσταται σχήματι. ὁ δὲ βέλτιστος Ἡρώδης φόνων δίκην φεύγων εστηκε περὶ αὐτὸν εχων ὁπλίτας, εἰ κατακριθείη κατὰ τὸν νόμον,