141

he was speechless with fear. But having recovered, he asked how Malichus had been killed; and upon hearing that it was at Cassius's command, he praised the deed, saying that he was a wicked man and a plotter against his country. When Cassius departed from Syria to Antony, Herod distinguished himself in various matters, and meeting Antigonus, the son of Aristobulus, who had just set foot on the borders of the land of the Jews, he defeated him in battle and drove him from its borders. For which reason, when he arrived in Jerusalem, both the people and Hyrcanus crowned him. He also became betrothed to the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus. He had previously had another wife, a commoner, named Doris, by whom he had a son, Antipater, the eldest of all. And when Antony and Caesar had defeated Cassius and Brutus at Philippi, the former proceeded to Gaul, but Antony to Asia. When he arrived in Bithynia, embassies met him from all sides. And there were also Jews present, accusing both Phasael and Herod. But when Herod came to make his defense, Antony treated him with honor, and the accusers were not even deemed worthy of a hearing, as Herod had purchased this from Antony with money. And when Antony came to Ephesus, Hyrcanus sent him a golden crown, and requested that the Jews, 1.355 whom Cassius had taken captive not by the law of war, be set free and their land, which Cassius had taken from them, be returned. Judging the request to be just, he ordered that it be carried out. After this, when Antony arrived in Syria, overcome by his passion for Cleopatra, one hundred of the most powerful men of the Jews approached him, and they accused Herod and his party, with Hyrcanus also being present. But Antony asked Hyrcanus which party better presided over the nation; and he said the party of Herod, who was his kinsman by marriage. Antony, therefore, being favorably disposed toward them on account of his friendship with their father, named them both tetrarchs and entrusted the affairs of the Jews to them; and having bound ten of the accusers, he would have killed them, if their brothers had not interceded. Again a thousand men met Antony near Tyre. But he, having been bribed with gifts, ordered the local governor to punish the Jews, as they were fomenting revolution. But Herod advised them to depart quickly, lest they suffer a great evil. But since they did not obey, the Romans ran out and killed some, and wounded many; and the rest, having escaped, kept quiet. And when the people cried out against Herod, Antony was provoked and killed those who were bound. But Antigonus promised Pacorus, the king of the Parthians, that he would give one thousand talents and five hundred women, if they took the rule from Hyrcanus and handed it over to him and killed Herod and his party. For these reasons, the Parthians marched, bringing Antigonus down to Judea; whom Herod's party often engaged and defeated. But the Parthian general 1.356 came into the city with a few horsemen, as if to quell the sedition, but in truth to cooperate with Antigonus. And when Phasael had entertained him, he persuades Phasael to go to Barzapharnes as an ambassador. And Hyrcanus and Phasael went as ambassadors, though Herod did not consent; and the general sent them forward. And Barzapharnes at first received them genuinely, but then plotted against them. And Phasael's party were suspicious of the barbarians, and they realized they were also being secretly guarded by them at night. And it was revealed to them that they would have been seized, if the barbarians had not postponed it until Herod could be captured by the Parthians there, lest he learn about their situation and escape. Some therefore advised Phasael to ride away immediately, and Ophellius also promised boats for their flight; for the sea was near. But he did not wish to abandon Hyrcanus. Therefore they are seized and bound. But Herod, having learned these things, taking the soldiers he had by night, and his mother and his sister and the betrothed daughter of Hyrcanus's daughter and the mother of this fiancée and all the household to Idumea

141

φόβου αφωνος ην. ἀνενεγκὼν δὲ ἠρώτα οπως ἀνῄρηται Μάλιχος· καὶ ἀκούσας οτι Κασσίου προστάξαντος, ἐπῄνεσε τὴν πρᾶξιν, πονηρὸν εἰπὼν ειναι καὶ τῆς πατρίδος ἐπίβουλον. Κασσίου δὲ ἐκ Συρίας ἀπάραντος πρὸς ̓Αντώνιον, ὁ ̔Ηρώδης ἐν διαφόροις ἠρίστευσε, καὶ τῷ ̓Αριστοβούλου δὲ υἱῷ ̓Αντιγόνῳ αρτι τῶν ακρων ἐπιβάντι τῆς ̓Ιουδαίων γῆς ὑπαντήσας μάχῃ ἐνίκησε καὶ τῶν ὁρίων ταύτης ἐξέωσεν. οθεν ἀφικόμενον εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα ἐστεφάνου ο τε δῆμος καὶ ̔Υρκανός. μνηστεύεται δὲ καὶ τὴν ̔Υρκανοῦ θυγατριδῆν, ̓Αλεξάνδρου δὲ θυγατέρα τοῦ ̓Αριστοβούλου παιδός. ειχε δὲ πρότερον ἑτέραν γυναῖκα δημότιν, ∆ωρίδα καλουμένην, ἐξ ης αὐτῷ παῖς ̓Αντίπατρος γίνεται τῶν αλλων πρεσβύτερος. ̓Αντωνίου δὲ καὶ Καίσαρος Κάσσιον καὶ Βροῦτον περὶ Φιλίππους νενικηκότων, ὁ μὲν ἐπὶ Γαλλίας ἐχώρει, πρὸς δὲ τὴν ̓Ασίαν ̓Αντώνιος. γενομένῳ δ' ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ πανταχόθεν ἀπήντων πρεσβεῖαι. παρῆσαν δὲ καὶ ̓Ιουδαῖοι κατηγοροῦντες Φασαήλου τε καὶ ̔Ηρώδου. ἐλθόντα δὲ τὸν ̔Ηρώδην ἐπὶ ἀπολογίᾳ διὰ τιμῆς ηγεν ̓Αντώνιος, καὶ οὐδὲ λόγου ἠξίωντο οἱ κατήγοροι, χρήμασι ταῦτα τοῦ ̔Ηρώδου πριαμένου παρ' ̓Αντωνίου. ἐλθόντι δ' εἰς Εφεσον ̓Αντωνίῳ επεμψεν ̔Υρκανὸς στέφανον χρυσοῦν, καὶ ἠξίου τοὺς ̓Ιου1.355 δαίους, ους ᾐχμαλώτισε Κάσσιος οὐ νόμῳ πολέμου, ἐλευθέρους ἀπολυθῆναι καὶ τὴν χώραν ἀποδοθῆναι, ην αὐτοὺς ἀφείλετο Κάσσιος. δικαίαν ουν ειναι κεκρικὼς τὴν ἀξίωσιν εἰς εργον ἐκβῆναι προσέταξε. μετὰ ταῦτα εἰς Συρίαν παραγενομένῳ τῷ ̓Αντωνίῳ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν τῆς Κλεοπάτρας ἐρώτων κεκρατημένῳ προσίασιν ανδρες ἑκατὸν ̓Ιουδαίων οἱ δυνατώτατοι, καὶ κατηγόρουν ̔Ηρώδου καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτόν, παρόντος καὶ ̔Υρκανοῦ. ̓Αντώνιος δὲ πυνθάνεται ̔Υρκανοῦ πότεροι τοῦ εθνους προΐστανται αμεινον· καὶ ος τοὺς περὶ ̔Ηρώδην ειπεν, ων αὐτοῦ κηδεστής. ὁ γοῦν ̓Αντώνιος οἰκείως πρὸς αὐτοὺς εχων διὰ τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν ξενίαν καὶ αμφω τετράρχας ὠνόμασε καὶ τὰ ̓Ιουδαίων αὐτοῖς ἐπέτρεψε πράγματα· καὶ δέκα δήσας τῶν κατηγόρων εκτεινεν αν αὐτούς, εἰ μὴ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ παρῃτήσαντο. αυθις δὲ χίλιοι τῷ ̓Αντωνίῳ περὶ Τύρον ὑπήντησαν. ὁ δὲ δώροις προκατειλημμένος τῷ κατὰ τόπον αρχοντι κολάσαι τοὺς ̓Ιουδαίους ἐκέλευσεν, ὡς νεωτερίζοντας. ὁ δὲ ̔Ηρώδης ἀπιέναι ταχὺ αὐτοῖς συνεβούλευεν, ινα μὴ μεγάλου πειραθῶσι κακοῦ. ὡς δ' οὐχ ὑπήκουον, ἐκδραμόντες οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι τινὰς μὲν ἀπέκτειναν, πολλοὺς δ' ἐτραυμάτισαν· καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ διαφυγόντες ἡσύχαζον. τοῦ δὲ δήμου καταβοῶντος ̔Ηρώδου, παροξυνθεὶς ὁ ̓Αντώνιος τοὺς δεδεμένους ἀπέκτεινεν. ̓Αντίγονος δὲ Πακόρῳ τῷ Πάρθων βασιλεῖ ὑπισχνεῖται χίλια δώσειν τάλαντα καὶ γυναῖκας πεντακοσίας, ην τὴν ἀρχὴν ̔Υρκανὸν ἀφέλωνται καὶ παραδῶσιν αὐτῷ καὶ τοὺς περὶ ̔Ηρώδην ἀνέλοιεν. διὰ ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν κατάγοντες ̓Αντίγονον οἱ Πάρθοι ἐστράτευσαν· οις πολλάκις οἱ περὶ ̔Ηρώδην συμμίξαντες ἐκράτουν. ὁ δὲ τῶν Πάρθων στρατηγὸς 1.356 σὺν ὀλίγοις ἱππεῦσιν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ηκεν, ὡς τάχα κατευνάσων τὴν στάσιν, τὸ δ' ἀληθὲς ὡς ̓Αντιγόνῳ συμπράξων. Φασαήλου δὲ ξενίσαντος αὐτόν, πείθει τὸν Φασάηλον παρὰ Βαρζαφαρμάνην ἐλθεῖν πρεσβεύοντα. καὶ ῳχοντο ̔Υρκανὸς καὶ Φασάηλος πρεσβεύοντες, ̔Ηρώδου μὴ συναινοῦντος· ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς προύπεμπε σφᾶς. καὶ ὁ Βαρζαφαρμάνης τὸ μὲν πρῶτον γνησίως αὐτοὺς ὑπεδέξατο, επειτα ἐπεβούλευε. καὶ οἱ περὶ Φασάηλον ἐν ὑποψίαις ησαν κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων, εγνων δὲ καὶ νύκτωρ λάθρᾳ παρ' αὐτῶν φυλασσόμενοι. μεμήνυτο δ' αὐτοῖς οτι καὶ συνελήφθησαν αν, εἰ μὴ ὑπερετίθεντο οἱ βάρβαροι μέχρις αν ̔Ηρώδης τοῖς ἐκεῖ Πάρθοις ληφθείη, μὴ τὰ περὶ αὐτῶν μαθὼν διαφύγοι. Φασαήλῳ μὲν ουν τινες συνεβούλευον εὐθὺς παριππάσασθαι, ̓Οφέλλιος δὲ καὶ πλοῖα πρὸς τὴν φυγὴν ὑπισχνεῖτο· ἐγγὺς γὰρ ἡ θάλασσα ην. ὁ δὲ ̔Υρκανὸν ἀπολιπεῖν οὐκ ἐβούλετο. συλλαμβάνονται ουν καὶ δεσμοῦνται. ̔Ηρώδης δὲ ταῦτα μαθών, ους ειχεν ὁπλίτας λαβὼν νυκτὸς καὶ τὴν μητέρα καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν καὶ τὴν ἐγγεγυημένην αὐτῷ παῖδα τῆς ̔Υρκανοῦ θυγατρὸς καὶ τὴν τῆς μνηστῆς ταύτης μητέρα τήν τε θεραπείαν πᾶσαν τὴν ἐπὶ ̓Ιδουμαίαν