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and encamped outside; but those within, fighting from the wall, kept them away from the towers. And Silo made some of his own soldiers cry out against Herod because of a lack of necessities, and moved the camp as if to withdraw. He did these things out of respect for Antigonus because of the bribe. But Herod asked him to stay, and setting out, he brought back a multitude of provisions, so as no longer to leave Silo a pretext for withdrawal. And so they were in abundance, but Herod, having arrived in Samaria, deposited there both his mother and his other relatives, and he himself went to Galilee. And he won over all of it except for those dwelling in the caves. The caves were in mountains that were broken on all sides and surrounded by sharp rocks. And though with difficulty, he nevertheless conquered them. Having settled matters there, the king set out for Samaria, intending to be judged by battle against Antigonus. Meanwhile, Pacorus having fallen in war, and the Parthians having been routed by the Romans, Ventidius sent Machaeras with an army as an ally to Herod. And Herod had left his brother Joseph with this man, having commanded him not to run risks nor to quarrel with Machaeras, while he himself hurried to Antony who was besieging Samosata, a city 1.360 by the Euphrates. And as Herod drew near, Antony sent the army to meet him, and greeted him on his arrival, and he commanded Sossius to be his ally; and he fulfilled what was commanded. But Joseph, the brother of Herod, hastening towards Jericho, fell in with the men of Antigonus, and being caught in difficult terrain, died fighting bravely, and lost his entire army. And Antigonus, cutting off his head, sold it to his brother Pheroras for fifty talents. And the Galileans, having revolted, drowned Herod's supporters in the lake, and much of Judaea was in rebellion. These things and the death of his brother were reported to Herod at Daphne of Antioch. Therefore, as he was hurrying and came to be in Galilee, the enemies met him. And having been defeated, they were shut up in a certain place, but he hastened to Jericho, wishing to punish them on account of his brother. And Antigonus sent a general named Pappus with a force to Samaria, giving his adversaries the impression of fighting from a position of strength. And Herod went against Pappus, and joining battle with the enemy, he prevailed, and he followed them as they fled to the village, killing whomsoever he could catch. And as the houses were filled with hoplites, and many were fleeing up to the roofs, by tearing down the roofs of the houses he overpowered them. And as the roofs were being torn down, the spaces below were seen to be full of soldiers, whom they killed by throwing stones from above. This crushed the morale of the enemy; and Herod would have come to Jerusalem 1.361 immediately with his army and accomplished the whole thing, if a severe winter had not prevented him. Then, it being evening, king Herod, having entered a certain small room, was about to bathe, and having undressed, he was bathing, with one boy serving him. But in the inner room, some of the enemy who had fled together, armed, were hiding there out of fear. And while the king was bathing, a certain one came out holding a naked sword, and after him another and then another, similarly armed, striking no one out of terror, but being content if they themselves might be saved. Such a danger Herod escaped. On the next day, cutting off the head of Pappus, who had already been killed, he sent it to Pheroras his brother in exchange for the head of Joseph; for this Pappus had been his slayer with his own hand. And when the winter had ended, he arrived at Jerusalem and encamped very near the city; and leaving there those who were to prepare for the siege, he himself went to Samaria, to lie with the daughter of Alexander, who had already been betrothed to him, as has been related. And after the wedding, he arrived from Samaria; and Sossius also came with an army. And they were gathered before the wall of Jerusalem, and having raised earthworks and

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καὶ ἐκτὸς ἐστρατοπεδεύσατο· οἱ δ' ἐντὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους μαχόμενοι ἀνεῖργον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν πύργων. καὶ ὁ Σίλων δὲ τῶν οἰκείων στρατιωτῶν τινας καταβοᾶν τοῦ ̔Ηρώδου ἐποίησε διὰ σπάνιν τῶν ἀναγκαίων, ἐκίνει τε τὸ στρατόπεδον ὡς ἀναχωρήσων. ταῦτα δ' ἐποίει τὸν ̓Αντίγονον διὰ τὴν δωροδοκίαν αἰδούμενος. ̔Ηρώδης δὲ ἠξίου μένειν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐξορμήσας πλῆθος ἐπιτηδείων ἐκόμισεν, ωστε μηκέτι ὑπολιπεῖν Σίλωνι τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως πρόφασιν. καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐν ἀφθόνοις ησαν, ̔Ηρώδης δὲ παραγενόμενος εἰς Σαμάρειαν ἐκεῖ τήν τε μητέρα καὶ τοὺς αλλους οἰκείους κατέθετο, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπὶ Γαλιλαίαν ῳχετο. καὶ προσάγεται πᾶσαν αὐτὴν πλὴν τῶν ἐν τοῖς σπηλαίοις κατοικούντων. ην δὲ τὰ σπήλαια ἐν ορεσι πάντῃ ἐξερρωγόσι καὶ πέτραις ὀξείαις ἐμπεριεχόμενα. καὶ τούτων δὲ δυσχερῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ομως ἐκράτησε. καταστήσας δὲ τὰ αὐτόθι ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς Σαμάρειαν ωρμησεν, ὡς μάχῃ κριθησόμενος πρὸς ̓Αντίγονον. ἐν τούτοις δὲ Πακόρου πεσόντος ἐν πολέμῳ, καὶ τῶν Πάρθων τραπέντων ὑπὸ ̔Ρωμαίων, πέμπει τῷ ̔Ηρώδῃ βοηθὸν Μαχαιρᾶν σὺν στρατιᾷ ὁ Βενδίδιος. καὶ τούτῳ μὲν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης τὸν ἀδελφὸν ̓Ιωσὴφ καταλέλοιπεν, ἐντειλάμενος μὴ ἀποκινδυνεύειν μηδὲ τῷ Μαχαιρᾷ διαφέρεσθαι, αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸς ̓Αντώνιον εσπευδε πολιορκοῦντα Σαμόσατα, πόλιν τῶν 1.360 παρευφρατιδίων. ὡς δὲ ηγγιζεν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης, πέμπει τὸ στράτευμα ὑπαντησόμενον αὐτῷ ὁ ̓Αντώνιος, καὶ παρόντα ἠσπάζετο, καὶ Σοσσίῳ συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷ ἐνετέλλετο· καὶ ος τὸ κεκελευσμένον ἐπλήρου. ̓Ιωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς ̔Ηρώδου ἐπὶ ̔Ιεριχοῦντα σπεύδων περιπίπτει τοῖς ̓Αντιγόνου, καὶ ἐν δυσχωρίαις ἀποληφθεὶς θνήσκει γενναίως μαχόμενος, καὶ απαν ἀπέβαλε τὸ στράτευμα. ̓Αντίγονος δὲ τὴν αὐτοῦ τεμὼν κεφαλὴν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ Φερώρᾳ ἀποδίδωσι ταλάντων πεντήκοντα. ̓Αποστάντες δὲ οἱ Γαλιλαῖοι τοὺς τὰ ̔Ηρώδου φρονοῦντας ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ κατεπόντωσαν, καὶ τῆς ̓Ιουδαίας ἐνεωτερίσθη πολλά. ἠγγέλη δὲ ταῦτα ̔Ηρώδῃ καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τελευτὴ ἐν ∆άφνῃ τῆς ̓Αντιοχείας. ἐπειγομένῳ ουν, ὡς κατὰ Γαλιλαίαν ἐγένετο, συνήντησαν αὐτῷ οἱ πολέμιοι. καὶ ἡττηθέντες κατεκλείσθησαν εις τι χωρίον, ὁ δὲ εσπευδεν εἰς ̔Ιεριχοῦντα τιμωρήσασθαι θέλων αὐτοὺς διὰ τὸν ἀδελφόν. ̓Αντίγονος δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Σαμάρειαν πέμπει στρατηγὸν Πάππον ονομα σὺν δυνάμει, παρέχων τοῖς ἐναντίοις δόξαν πολεμοῦντος ἐκ περιουσίας. καὶ ̔Ηρώδης ηλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Πάππον, καὶ συμβαλὼν τοῖς πολεμίοις κρατεῖ, καὶ ειπετο φεύγουσιν εἰς τὴν κώμην, κτείνων ους αν καταλάβοι. πεπληρωμένων δὲ τῶν οἰκιῶν ὁπλιτῶν, καὶ πολλῶν ἐπὶ τὰς στέγας ἀναφευγόντων, τοὺς ὀρόφους τῶν οικων καθαιρῶν ἐκράτει τούτων. καθαιρουμένων δὲ τῶν ὀρόφων εμπλεα ὡρῶντο τὰ κάτω στρατιωτῶν, ους λίθοις ανωθεν βάλλοντες εκτεινον. τοῦτο τὰ τῶν πολεμίων φρονήματα εθραυσε· καὶ ηκεν αν εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα ὁ ̔Ηρώδης 1.361 μετὰ τῆς στρατιᾶς αὐτίκα καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἐξειργάσατο, εἰ μὴ χειμὼν ἐπέσχε βαθύς. τότε ὀψίας ουσης ὁ βασιλεὺς ̔Ηρώδης εις τι δωμάτιον εἰσελθὼν περὶ λουτρὸν ην, καὶ ἀποδυσάμενος ἐλούετο, ἑνὸς αὐτῷ ὑπηρετουμένου παιδός. κατὰ δέ γε τὸ ἐνδότερον οικημα τῶν πολεμίων τινὲς συμπεφευγότες ὡπλισμένοι ἐκεῖ διὰ φόβον ἐκρύπτοντο. καὶ μεταξὺ λουομένου τοῦ βασιλέως εις τις ἐπεξέρχεται ξίφος εχων γυμνόν, καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν αλλος καὶ αυθις ετερος ὁμοίως ὡπλισμένοι, οὐδένα πλήξαντες ὑπὸ δέους, ἀγαπῶντες δὲ εἰ αὐτοὶ σωθεῖεν. τοιοῦτον εφυγε κίνδυνον ὁ ̔Ηρώδης. τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ τὴν τοῦ Πάππου τεμὼν κεφαλὴν ηδη ἀνῃρημένου επεμψε Φερώρᾳ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀντὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς ̓Ιωσήφ· ουτος γὰρ ην ὁ Πάππος αὐτόχειρ ἐκείνου γενόμενος. Λήξαντος δὲ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἀφίκετο πρὸς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα καὶ στρατοπεδεύεται τῆς πόλεως εγγιστα· καὶ καταλιπὼν ἐκεῖ τοὺς τὰ πρὸς τὴν πολιορκίαν ἑτοιμάσοντας αὐτὸς εἰς Σαμάρειαν ῳχετο, τῇ ̓Αλεξάνδρου θυγατρὶ συνευνασθησόμενος, ηδη κατεγγυηθείσῃ αὐτῷ, ὡς ἱστόρηται. μετὰ δὲ τοὺς γάμους ἀφίκετο ἐκ Σαμαρείας· ηκε δὲ σὺν στρατιᾷ καὶ ὁ Σόσσιος. καὶ πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος τῶν ̔Ιεροσολύμων ἠθροίζοντο, καὶ χώματα ἐγείραντες καὶ