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wills, giving to Antipas the tetrarchy of Galilee and Perea, and assigning the kingdom to Archelaus, and allotting the tetrarchy of Gaulanitis and Trachonitis and Batanea and Paneas to Philip, his son and Archelaus's full brother, and granting Jamnia and Azotus and Phasaelis to his sister Salome. Having done these things, and having left gifts of many talents to Caesar and 1.402 to his wife Julia, on the fifth day after he had killed Antipater, he died, having reigned for thirty-four years after he killed Antigonus, and thirty-seven years after he had been declared king by the Romans. But Salome and Alexas, before his death became known, sent out those who had been shut up in the hippodrome, saying that the king commanded them to go to their fields to manage their own affairs. And this became the greatest benefaction from them to the nation. Then the death of the king was made public, and the wills were read, allotting the kingdom to his son Archelaus. But Ptolemy, who was entrusted with the king's signet ring, said the wills would not otherwise be ratified than by Caesar. And there was immediately a shout of those acclaiming Archelaus king. And after these things the king's funeral was carried out lavishly. 2.1 And so Herod paid his debt, but Archelaus, having gone up to the temple and having been acclaimed and having sat upon a golden throne, greeted the multitude. However, when the army also placed the diadem on him, he did not accept it, unless Caesar should first ratify his father's wills; and having sacrificed, he turned to feasting. Then some of the Jews, having come together, were lamenting Matthias and those with him who had been punished by Herod for the pulling down of the golden eagle, raising a great wail; and when they had held a meeting, they demanded that Archelaus, having punished those honored by Herod, avenge the dead, and before all other things, to depose the high priest, and to appoint another more lawful one. To these things Archelaus, although vexed, restraining their impulse, assented; and he sent the general to speak with the crowd, that now was not the time for these things, but when his rule should be confirmed by the assent of Caesar. But they, shouting and making a disturbance, did not allow the general to speak, nor did they tolerate anyone else speaking to them who was attempting to bring them to their senses and avert sedition. And the feast of unleavened bread having just begun, and a crowd from all parts having streamed into the temple, they were eager to greatly escalate the sedi2.2 tion. Archelaus, fearing this, sent out a tribune with a cohort to suppress the impulse of the seditious populace. And the seditionists immediately rushed upon the soldiers and stoned most of them to death, but a few and the tribune escaped, wounded. But Archelaus, perceiving that if the impulse of the multitude were not stopped, the matters of the sedition would result in great evil, sent out the entire army; and about three thousand were slain, and the rest were scattered to the mountains. And a proclamation was made for all to withdraw to their own homes; and they, leaving the feast, went away. And Archelaus set sail for Rome with his mother, having entrusted affairs to his brother Philip; and Salome, Herod's sister, also went with him. And Antipas, the son of Herod, also set out for Rome from another direction, he himself intending to lay claim to the kingdom, as it had been written down for him in earlier wills; and Salome gave wings to his hopes. And when they arrived in Rome and stood before Caesar, some made speeches on behalf of Archelaus, and others on behalf of Antipas, accusing Archelaus. But Caesar showed a greater inclination towards Archelaus. Meanwhile, it was reported to Caesar that the nation of the Jews had risen in sedition and were besieging the Romans there. For during the feast of Pentecost, when many tens of thousands had gathered from all quarters, the Romans were shut up by them, along with Sabinus himself; for he was a general of the Romans. And there was a fierce battle, and the Romans were winning. So the Jews, going around, went up to the porticoes outside the

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διαθήκας, ̓Αντίπᾳ μὲν τετραρχίαν διδοὺς Γαλιλαίαν τε καὶ Περαίαν, ̓Αρχελάῳ δ' ἀπονέμων τὴν βασιλείαν, τὴν δὲ Γαυλανῖτιν καὶ Τραχωνῖτιν καὶ Βαταναίαν καὶ Πανεάδα Φιλίππῳ παιδὶ μὲν αὐτοῦ, ̓Αρχελάου δὲ ἀδελφῷ γνησίῳ τετραρχίαν ἀποκληρῶν, ̓Ιάμνειαν δὲ καὶ Αζωτον καὶ Φασαηλίδα Σαλώμῃ τῇ ἀδελφῇ χαριζόμενος. ταῦτα πράξας, καὶ Καίσαρι καὶ 1.402 τῇ ἐκείνου γαμετῇ ̓Ιουλίᾳ δωρεὰς πολυταλάντους καταλιπών, ἡμέρᾳ πέμπτῃ μεθὸ ̓Αντίπατρον κτείνειε τελευτᾷ, βασιλεύσας μεθὸ μὲν ἀνεῖλεν ̓Αντίγονον ετη τέσσαρα καὶ τριάκοντα, μεθὸ δ' ὑπὸ ̔Ρωμαίων ἀποδέδεικτο βασιλεὺς ἑπτὰ καὶ τριάκοντα. Σαλώμη δὲ καὶ ̓Αλεξᾶς, πρὶν εκπυστον γενέσθαι τὸν αὐτοῦ θάνατον, τοὺς ἐν τῷ ἱπποδρόμῳ κατακεκλεισμένους ἐκπέμπουσι, λέγοντες τὸν βασιλέα κελεύειν ἀπιοῦσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀγροὺς νέμεσθαι τὰ οἰκεῖα. καὶ μεγίστη αυτη εὐεργεσία παρ' αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ εθνος ἐγένετο. ειτα ὁ θάνατος τοῦ βασιλέως δεδημοσίευτο, καὶ αἱ διαθῆκαι ἀνεγινώσκοντο, τὴν βασιλείαν ἀποκληροῦσαι τῷ υἱῷ ̓Αρχελάῳ. Πτολεμαῖος δὲ τὸν σημαντῆρα τοῦ βασιλέως πεπιστευμένος δακτύλιον οὐκ αλλως ελεγε κυροῦσθαι τὰς διαθήκας η διὰ Καίσαρος. βοὴ δὲ ην εὐθὺς εὐφημούντων ̓Αρχέλαον βασιλέα. καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐκφορὰ ἐτελεῖτο πολυτελῶς. 2.1 Καὶ ̔Ηρώδης μὲν ουτως ἀπέτισε τὸ χρεών, ̓Αρχέλαος δὲ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνελθὼν καὶ εὐφημηθεὶς ἐπὶ θρόνου τε καθίσας χρυσοῦ ἐδεξιοῦτο τὸ πλῆθος. τοῦ μέντοι στρατεύματος καὶ τὸ διάδημα περιτιθέντος αὐτῷ, οὐκ ἐδέξατο, εἰ μὴ πρότερον Καῖσαρ τὰς πατρικὰς διαθήκας ἐπικυρώσειε· καὶ θύσας ἐπ' εὐωχίαν ἐτράπετο. Συνελθόντες ουν τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων τινὲς Ματθίαν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ κολασθέντας ὑπὸ ̔Ηρώδου διὰ τὴν τοῦ χρυσοῦ ἀετοῦ κατάσπασιν ὠλοφύροντο, ἐπὶ μέγα τὴν οἰμωγὴν αιροντες· συνόδου τε αὐτοῖς γενομένης ἠξίουν τοὺς ὑφ' ̔Ηρώδου τιμωμένους κολάσαντα τὸν ̓Αρχέλαον ἐκδικῆσαι τοὺς τεθνεῶτας, καὶ πρὸ τῶν αλλων τὸν ἀρχιερέα παῦσαι, ετερον δὲ καταστήσασθαι νομιμώτερον. τούτοις ̓Αρχέλαος καίπερ ἀχθόμενος τὴν ὁρμὴν αὐτῶν ἐπέχων ἐπένευε· καὶ τὸν στρατηγὸν τῷ πλήθει διαλεξόμενον εστειλεν, ὡς οὐ νῦν τούτων καιρός, ἀλλ' οταν αὐτῷ ἡ ἀρχὴ βεβαιωθῇ ἐπινεύσει τοῦ Καίσαρος. οἱ δὲ βοῶντες καὶ θορυβοῦντες οὐκ ειων λέγειν τὸν στρατηγόν, οὐδέ του αλλου ἠνείχοντο ἐπὶ σωφρονισμῷ καὶ ἀποτροπῇ τῶν στάσεων ὡρμημένου λέγειν αὐτοῖς. αρτι δὲ τῆς τῶν ἀζύμων ἑορτῆς ἐνεστηκυίας, καὶ πλήθους πάντοθεν συρρεύσαντος εἰς τὸ ἱερόν, ἐπὶ μέγα τὴν στά2.2 σιν ἐξᾶραι προεθυμοῦντο. ο δείσας ̓Αρχέλαος χιλίαρχον μετὰ σπείρας ἐξέπεμψε τὴν ὁρμὴν καταστελοῦντα τοῦ δήμου τοῦ στασιάζοντος. καὶ οἱ στασιασταὶ παραχρῆμα ἐπὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας ὡρμήκασι καὶ κατέλευσαν τοὺς πλείστους αὐτῶν, ὀλίγοι δέ τινες καὶ ὁ χιλίαρχος τραυματίαι διέφυγον. ̓Αρχέλαος δὲ συνιδὼν ὡς εἰ μὴ τὸ τῆς πληθύος ορμημα κωλυθῇ, εἰς μέγα κακὸν τὰ τῆς στάσεως ἀποβήσεται, ἐκπέμπει πᾶν τὸ στρατόπεδον· καὶ εἰς μὲν τρισχιλίους ἀνῃρέθησαν, οἱ δέ γε λοιποὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ορη διεσκεδάσθησαν. καὶ κήρυγμα γέγονε πάντας ἀναχωρεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα· οἱ δὲ τὴν ἑορτὴν λιπόντες ἀπῄεσαν. ̓Αρχέλαος δὲ ἐπὶ ̔Ρώμην ἐξέπλει σὺν τῇ μητρί, Φιλίππῳ τῷ ἀδελφῷ πιστεύσας τὰ πράγματα· συνεξῄει δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Σαλώμη ἡ ἀδελφὴ ̔Ηρώδου. καὶ ̓Αντίπας δὲ ὁ ̔Ηρώδου υἱὸς ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ ̔Ρώμην ωρμητο, καὶ αὐτὸς τῆς βασιλείας ἀντιληψόμενος, ὡς ἐν προτέραις διαθήκαις καταγεγραμμένης αὐτῷ· ἐπτέρου δὲ τοῦτον πρὸς τὰς ἐλπίδας Σαλώμη. ἐπεὶ δὲ εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἀφίκοντο καὶ παρέστησαν Καίσαρι, οἱ μὲν ὑπὲρ Ἀρχελάου τοὺς λόγους πεποίηντο, οἱ δὲ ὑπὲρ ̓Αντίπα, τοῦ ̓Αρχελάου κατηγοροῦντες. Καῖσαρ δὲ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ ̓Αρχελάου ῥοπὴν ἐδείκνυ. ̓Εν τούτοις δὲ ἀγγέλλεται Καίσαρι τὸ τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων εθνος στασιάσαν καὶ τοὺς ἐκεῖ ̔Ρωμαίους πολιορκοῦν. κατὰ γὰρ τὴν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς ἑορτὴν μυριάδων πολλῶν συναθροισθεισῶν πανταχόθεν, ὑπ' αὐτῶν οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι συγκατεκλείσθησαν καὶ αὐτὸς Σαβῖνος· στρατηγὸς δὲ ην ουτος ̔Ρωμαίων. καὶ μάχη ην καρτερά, καὶ οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι ἐκράτουν. περιοδεύσαντες ουν οἱ ̓Ιουδαῖοι ἐπὶ τὰς στοὰς ἀνῆλθον τὰς εξω τοῦ