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to be released, but with consideration for the one releasing him, so that he might not seem to be rejoicing in the emperor's death by quickly releasing his prisoner. After a reasonable number of days passed, he summoned Agrippa, cut the excess of his hair and changed his clothes, then he also placed the diadem on him and appointed him king of Philip's tetrarchy, adding also the tetrarchy of Lysanias for an increase, and he exchanged bronze for gold, giving him a golden chain of equal weight in place of the iron one with which he had been bound. In the second year of Gaius's sole rule, Agrippa requested to be allowed to go to his own country, and he agreed to return again, after having duly arranged the affairs of his rule; and when Gaius gave his consent, he sailed away. But Herodias his sister was envious of her brother's good fortune, and especially when she saw him conducting business with the crowds with the insignia of royalty, and she provoked her husband to sail to Rome and seek an equal rule for himself; but he wished to remain quiet. And his wife annoyed her husband more vehemently, urging him to do everything for the kingship, and she did not let up until she made Herod agree with her even against his will. So he set sail for Rome with his wife. But Agrippa himself was also preparing to go to Rome, and he sent ahead one of his freedmen carrying gifts to the emperor and letters against Herod. And they found 2.27 Gaius in Baiae, a small town in Campania. As soon as Herod came into Gaius's sight, at the same time he was reading Agrippa's letters, which accused him of a pact with Sejanus against Tiberius's rule, and then again with Artabanus the Parthian against Gaius himself. And as proof of the charge, he pointed to the store of weapons in Herod's armories, sufficient for seventy thousand heavy-armed soldiers. Gaius was moved by what was written, and asked Herod if the report about the weapons was true. And when he admitted it, believing him to be in revolt, he stripped him of his tetrarchy and added it to Agrippa's kingdom, and he likewise gave him his property, and he condemned Herod to perpetual exile. But to Herodias, as Agrippa's sister, he gave whatever property belonged to her, and ordered her not to share in her husband's exile, on account of Agrippa. But she expressed her thanks to Gaius, but said that it was not just, having shared in her husband's prosperity, to abandon him in his misfortunes. However, Gaius for the first year and the next handled affairs more moderately, but as time went on he deified himself and attempted to make himself a god. And indeed when a dispute arose between the Jews and Greeks in Alexandria, three ambassadors from each side appeared before Gaius. Apion, one of the Alexandrian ambassadors, accused the Jews on other points and also that while all those under the Romans were erecting altars and temples to Gaius and honoring him as a god, they alone considered it dishonorable to honor him with statues and 2.28 to make his name an object of an oath. At this, Philo, who was the head of the Jewish embassy, a distinguished man and not inexperienced in philosophy, was ready to defend his countrymen. But Gaius would not tolerate it, and ordered him to get out of the way, and it was clear that he would do them harm. And Philo, having gone out insulted, said to the Jews with him that they must be of good courage; for Gaius had not been enraged against them, but against God himself. But the emperor, considering it a terrible thing not to be worshipped as a god by the Jews, sent Petronius as successor to the rule of Vitellius, ordering him to invade Judaea with a large force and to set up a statue of himself in the temple of God; and if they did not willingly yield, to do this after defeating them in war. And Petronius, having taken over the governorship of Syria, hastened to carry out Caesar's commands. And when he came to Ptolemais, many tens of thousands of Jews came to him, begging him not to force them to transgress their ancestral laws. "But if you are unyielding," they said, "first kill us, then set up the statue." But Petronius answered that if he were doing these things on his own authority, it would be just

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λυθησομένου, φροντίδι δέ γε τοῦ λύσοντος, ινα μὴ δοκῇ τῇ μεταστάσει τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος ἐφηδόμενος ἐκ τοῦ λῦσαι τὸν ἐκείνου δέσμιον τάχιστα. ἡμερῶν δὲ μετρίων παρελθουσῶν μεταπέμπεται τὸν ̓Αγρίππαν, κείρει τε τὸ περιττὸν τῆς τριχὸς καὶ μεταμφιέννυσιν, ειτα καὶ τὸ διάδημα περιτίθησι καὶ βασιλέα τῆς Φιλίππου τετραρχίας καθίστησι, προσθέμενος καὶ τὴν Λυσανίου τετραρχίαν εἰς αυξησιν, καὶ χρύσεα χαλκείων ἀλλάττει, ἀντὶ τῆς σιδηρᾶς ἁλύσεως μεθ' ης ἐδέδετο χρυσῆν ἰσόρροπον αὐτῷ παρασχόμενος. Τῷ δὲ δευτέρῳ ἐνιαυτῷ τῆς μοναρχίας Γαΐου ἠξίου ̓Αγρίππας ἐκχωρηθῆναι αὐτῷ ἀφικέσθαι πρὸς τὰ οἰκεῖα, καὶ αυθις ἐπανελθεῖν κατετίθετο, οἰκονομησάμενος εἰς δέον τὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς· καὶ ἐνδόντος Γαΐου ἐξέπλευσεν. ̔Ηρωδιὰς δὲ ἡ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφὴ ἐφθόνει τῆς εὐπραγίας τῷ ἀδελφῷ, καὶ μάλιστα ὁπότε μετὰ τῶν τῆς βασιλείας παρασήμων ἑώρα αὐτὸν τοῖς πλήθεσι χρηματίζοντα, ἐξηρέθιζέ τε τὸν ανδρα ἐπὶ ̔Ρώμης πλεῖν καὶ ισην ἀρχὴν μνηστεύσασθαι ἑαυτῷ· ὁ δὲ ἡσυχάζειν ἐβούλετο. καὶ ἡ γυνὴ σφοδρότερον ἠνώχλει τἀνδρί, πάντα πράσσειν ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ κελεύουσα, καὶ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν εως καὶ ακοντα τὸν ̔Ηρώδην ἑαυτῇ πεποίηκεν ὁμογνώμονα. ἀνήγετο ουν σὺν τῇ γυναικὶ ἐπὶ ̔Ρώμης. ̓Αγρίππας δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην παρεσκευάζετο, προύπεμψε δὲ τῶν ἀπελευθέρων ενα δῶρα τῷ αὐτοκράτορι κομίζοντα καὶ ἐπιστολὰς κατὰ τοῦ ̔Ηρώδου. καὶ καταλαμβάνουσι 2.27 τὸν Γάιον ἐν Βαίαις πολιχνίῳ τῆς Καμπανίας. αμα τε τῷ ̔Ηρώδῃ εἰς οψιν ηκεν ὁ Γάιος καὶ αμα τὰς ̓Αγρίππου ἐπιστολὰς ἐπῄει, κατηγορούσας ἐκείνου πρὸς Σηιανὸν ὁμολογίαν κατὰ τῆς Τιβερίου ἀρχῆς, καὶ πρὸς ̓Αρτάβανον αυθις τὸν Πάρθον τότε κατὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ Γαΐου. τεκμήριον δ' ἐποιεῖτο τοῦ λόγου οπλων ἀπόθεσιν ἐν ταῖς ὁπλοθήκαις ̔Ηρώδου, μυριάσιν ὁπλιτῶν ἀρκούντων ἑπτά. ἐκινεῖτο δ' ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπεσταλμένων ὁ Γάιος, καὶ ἠρώτα τὸν ̔Ηρώδην εἰ ἀληθὴς ὁ περὶ τῶν οπλων λόγος. τοῦ δὲ καταθεμένου, πιστεύσας τῇ ἀποστάσει αὐτοῦ τὴν τετραρχίαν ἀφαιρεῖται καὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ ̓Αγρίππου προστίθησι, καὶ τὰ χρήματα αὐτῷ ὁμοίως δωρεῖται, τὸν δὲ ̔Ηρώδην ἀειφυγία κατέκρινεν. ̔Ηρωδιάδι δὲ ὡς ̓Αγρίππου ὁμαίμονι τά τε χρήματα οσα ἐκείνῃ διέφερεν ἐδίδου, καὶ μηδὲ κοινωνεῖν ἐκέλευε τῆς φυγῆς τῷ ἀνδρί, διὰ τὸν ̓Αγρίππαν. ἡ δὲ χάριτας μὲν ὡμολόγει Γαΐῳ, οὐ δίκαιον δ' ελεγεν ειναι τῆς εὐδαιμονίας τῷ ἀνδρὶ κοινωνήσασαν ἐγκαταλιπεῖν ἐπὶ ταῖς δυσπραγίαις αὐτόν. ̔Ο μέντοι Γάιος τὸν μὲν πρῶτον ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ τὸν ἐφεξῆς μετριώτερον ἐχρῆτο τοῖς πράγμασι, προϊὼν δὲ ἐξεθείαζεν ἑαυτὸν καὶ θεοῦν ἐπεχείρει. καὶ δὴ στάσεως γεγονυίας τοῖς ἐν ̓Αλεξανδρείᾳ ̓Ιουδαίοις καὶ Ελλησι τρεῖς ἀφ' ἑκατέρου μέρους παρῆσαν πρὸς τὸν Γάιον πρεσβευταί. ̓Απίων δὲ τῶν ̓Αλεξανδρέων πρέσβεων εις αλλα τε κατηγόρει τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων καὶ ὡς πάντων τῶν ὑπὸ ̔Ρωμαίους βωμοὺς τῷ Γαΐῳ καὶ ναοὺς ἀνιστώντων καὶ ὡς θεὸν τιμώντων ουτοι μόνοι αδοξον ηγηνται ἀνδριᾶσι τιμᾶν αὐτὸν καὶ ορ2.28 κιον αὐτοῦ ποιεῖσθαι τὸ ονομα. ἐπὶ τούτοις Φίλων τῆς τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων πρεσβείας προεστηκώς, ἀνὴρ ενδοξος καὶ φιλοσοφίας οὐκ απειρος, ετοιμος ην ὑπεραπολογήσασθαι τῶν ὁμοεθνῶν. ὁ δὲ Γάιος οὐκ ἠνέσχετο, κελεύσας ἐκποδὼν ἀπελεύσεσθαι, δῆλός τε ην κακώσων αὐτούς. καὶ ὁ Φίλων ἐξελθὼν περιυβρισμένος φησὶ πρὸς τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν ̓Ιουδαίους ὡς χρὴ θαρρεῖν· οὐ γὰρ εἰς αὐτοὺς ὁ Γάιος πεπαρῴνηκεν, εἰς δὲ τὸ θεῖον αὐτό. ̔Ο δ' αὐτοκράτωρ δεινὸν ἡγούμενος ὑπὸ ̓Ιουδαίων μὴ ὡς θεὸς σεβασθῆναι, Πετρώνιον ἐκπέμπει διάδοχον τῆς Οὐιτελλίου ἀρχῆς, κελεύσας χειρὶ πολλῇ ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν καὶ ἱστᾶν αὐτοῦ ἀνδριάντα ἐν τῷ ναῷ τοῦ θεοῦ· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἑκόντες παραχωροῖεν, πολέμῳ κρατήσαντα τοῦτο ποιεῖν. καὶ ὁ Πετρώνιος τὴν τῆς Συρίας παρειληφὼς ἀρχὴν ἠπείγετο πληρώσων τὰς τοῦ Καίσαρος ἐντολάς. καὶ εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα γενομένῳ προσῆλθον ̓Ιουδαίων πολλαὶ μυριάδες δεόμεναι μὴ βιάζεσθαι σφᾶς ἐπὶ παραβάσει τῶν πατρίων, "Εἰ δ' ἀπαραίτητος ει," ελεγον, "ἡμᾶς πρότερον διαχειρισάμενος ουτως ιστα τὸ αγαλμα." Πετρώνιος δ' ἀπεκρίνατο ὡς εἰ μὲν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ταῦτ' επραττον, δίκαιος