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to him; for he said he was a prophet and was able to divide the river by a command; and he deceived very many. But Fadus, sending a squadron of cavalry against them, killed many, captured not fewer, and Theudas himself, whose head they cut off and brought to Jerusalem. And Tiberius Alexander succeeded Fadus, son of Alexander who had been alabarch in Alexandria. And the sons of Judas the Galilean, James and Simon, who had caused the people to revolt when Cyrenius was censor, were killed, whom Alexander crucified. And Herod, the king of Chalcis, having removed Joseph the son of Cemedes from the high priesthood, gave it to Ananias the son of Nedebaeus. Cumanus came as successor to Tiberius Alexander. In the eighth year of the reign of Claudius, Herod the brother of Agrippa the Great dies, leaving three sons; and Claudius gave his rule to the younger Agrippa. When Cumanus was procurator of Judaea, a multitude was gathered at Jerusalem for the feast of the Passover 2.42. Therefore, lest any revolt should be made by the great multitude, Cumanus stationed armed soldiers over the porticoes of the temple to suppress any disturbance, if it should arise; and those before him also did this. On the fourth day of the feast, one of the soldiers in the porticoes uncovered his private parts and showed them to the multitude. And they were angry, as if the soldier had acted impiously toward God, and the more rash blasphemed Cumanus. And he was provoked by the blasphemies, and he orders the entire army to come to Antonia, the fortress overlooking the temple. The multitude, therefore, seeing the armed men, rushed to flee, and since the exits were narrow, being pushed together during the flight, many were crushed and trampled by one another and perished, so that twenty thousand were counted as having perished then; and there was mourning instead of a festival. This mourning had not yet subsided when another evil was added. For some of those who delighted in revolt, having robbed a certain Stephen, a slave of Caesar, who was traveling, seized all his property. Therefore Cumanus sends soldiers, ordering them to plunder the nearby regions and to bring their most prominent men to him as prisoners. And when those regions were being ravaged, a certain soldier, rash and reckless, having come upon the laws of Moses, which were reverently kept in a certain village, tore them up in the sight of many, blaspheming and mocking. The Jews therefore approach Cumanus, beseeching him to avenge not them, but God, whose laws had been insulted. And Cumanus, fearing lest the multitude should revolt again 2.43, beheaded the one who had insulted the laws and put an end to the sedition. But also an enmity arose for the Samaritans against the Jews; and this was the cause. Galileans, going to Jerusalem, were traveling through a certain village of the Samaritans, and some, having attacked them, killed many. The leading men of the Galileans therefore approached Cumanus, asking that the slain be avenged. But he, having been bribed, took no thought for vengeance. The Galileans therefore, being indignant, resorted to arms, and having burned some villages of the Samaritans, plundered them. But Cumanus came upon the Galileans with a force, and killed many of them, and took more alive. But the leading men of Jerusalem, having put on sackcloth and sprinkled their heads with ashes, besought the rebels to change their minds and, having thrown down their weapons, to be quiet; and they persuaded them. They therefore dispersed, but the country from that time was filled with bands of robbers. And the Samaritans accused the Jews before Quadratus, the governor of Syria, of having burned their villages. And the Jews accused the Samaritans as being the cause of the sedition, and before them Cumanus, as having been corrupted by gifts and not having avenged the slain. But Quadratus postponed the judgment, saying that he would come to Judaea and there, having learned the truth, would give his decision. He came therefore to Samaria, and having examined the matters

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αὐτῷ· προφήτης γὰρ ελεγεν ειναι καὶ σχίσαι τὸν ποταμὸν προστάγματι δύνασθαι· καὶ πλείστους ἠπάτησε. πέμψας δ' ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ιλην ἱππέων ὁ Φάδος πολλοὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλεν, οὐ μείους δ' ἐζώγρησε, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Θευδᾶν, ου τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐκτεμόντες ἐκόμισαν εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα. Φάδον δὲ Τιβέριος ̓Αλέξανδρος διεδέξατο, ̓Αλεξάνδρου τοῦ ἀλαβαρχήσαντος ἐν ̓Αλεξανδρείᾳ υἱός. καὶ οἱ παῖδες δὲ τοῦ Γαλιλαίου ̓Ιούδα ̓Ιάκωβος καὶ Σίμων, τοῦ τὸν λαὸν ἀποστήσαντος Κυρηνίου τιμητεύοντος, ἀνῃρέθησαν, ους ἀνεσταύρωσεν ὁ ̓Αλέξανδρος. ὁ δὲ τῆς Χαλκίδος βασιλεύων ̔Ηρώδης μεταστήσας τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης ̓Ιωσὴφ τὸν τοῦ Κεμεδῆ, ̓Ανανίᾳ τῷ τοῦ Νεδεβαίου παρέσχεν αὐτήν. Τιβερίῳ δὲ ̓Αλεξάνδρῳ Κούμανος ηλθε διάδοχος. ἐν ὀγδόῳ δ' ετει τῆς Κλαυδίου μοναρχίας ̔Ηρώδης ὁ τοῦ μεγάλου ̓Αγρίππου ἀδελφὸς τελευτᾷ ἐφ' υἱέσι τρισί· τὴν δ' ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ τῷ νεωτέρῳ ̓Αγρίππᾳ δέδωκε Κλαύδιος. Κουμάνου δὲ τῆς ̓Ιουδαίας ἐπιτροπεύοντος πλῆθος κατὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν τοῦ πάσχα εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα 2.42 ηθροιστο. ινα γοῦν μή τι νεωτερισθείη παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους οντος πολλοῦ, στρατιώτας ἐνόπλους ἐπὶ τῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ στοῶν ὁ Κούμανος εστησε καταστελοῦντας τὸν θόρυβον, ἐὰν γένηται· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐποίουν. τετάρτῃ δ' ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἑορτῆς στρατιώτης τῶν ἐν ταῖς στοαῖς ἀνακαλυψάμενος τὴν αἰδῶ τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἐπεδείκνυεν. οἱ δ' ἐθυμοῦντο ὡς εἰς τὸν θεὸν τοῦ στρατιώτου ἠσεβηκότος, καὶ οἱ θρασύτεροι τὸν Κούμανον ἐβλασφήμουν. καὶ ος πρὸς τὰς βλασφημίας ἠρέθιστο, καὶ κελεύει τὸ στράτευμα πᾶν ηκειν εἰς τὴν ̓Αντωνίαν τὸ φρούριον τῷ ἱερῷ ἐπικείμενον. τὸ πλῆθος ουν τοὺς ὁπλίτας θεασάμενον εἰς φυγὴν ωρμησε, καὶ τῶν ἐξόδων στενῶν οὐσῶν συνωθούμενοι κατὰ τὴν φυγὴν πολλοὶ ὑπ' ἀλλήλων συνθλιβόμενοι καὶ συμπατούμενοι διεφθάρησαν, ὡς δύο μυριάδας ἀριθμηθῆναι τοὺς τότε διαφθαρέντας· καὶ πένθος ην ἀντὶ πανηγύρεως. Ουπω τὸ πένθος τοῦτο κατηύναστο καὶ κακὸν προστίθεται ετερον. τινὲς γὰρ τῶν ἐπὶ νεωτερισμοῖς ἡδομένων Στέφανόν τινα δοῦλον τοῦ Καίσαρος ὁδοιποροῦντα λῃστεύσαντες απασαν αὐτοῦ τὴν κτῆσιν ἁρπάζουσι. διὸ πέμπει στρατιώτας ὁ Κούμανος, κελεύσας αὐτοῖς τὰς πλησίον χώρας ληίσασθαι καὶ τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους αὐτῶν δεσμίους ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἀγαγεῖν. τῆς δὲ τῶν χωρίων ἐκείνων πορθήσεως γινομένης νεανίας τις τῶν στρατιωτῶν θρασὺς καὶ ἀτάσθαλος τοῖς Μωυσέως ἐντυχὼν νόμοις εν τινι κώμῃ σεβασμίως κειμένοις ἐπ' οψεσι πολλῶν διέρρηξεν αὐτοὺς βλασφημῶν καὶ κατακερτομῶν. προσίασιν ουν τῷ Κουμάνῳ οἱ ̓Ιουδαῖοι, ἱκετεύοντες μὴ αὐτούς, ἀλλὰ τὸν θεόν, ουπερ οἱ νόμοι καθυβρίσθησαν ἐκδικῆσαι. καὶ ὁ Κούμανος δείσας μὴ τὸ πλῆθος πάλιν 2.43 νεωτερίσειε, τὸν ἐνυβρίσαντα τοῖς νόμοις πελεκίσας τὴν στάσιν κατέπαυσεν. ̓Αλλὰ καὶ Σαμαρείταις εχθρα πρὸς ̓Ιουδαίους ἐγένετο· ἡ δ' αἰτία ην αυτη. Γαλιλαῖοι εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα πορευόμενοι διά τινος κώμης ωδευον τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν, καί τινες αὐτοῖς ἐπιθέμενοι πολλοὺς ἀνεῖλον. οἱ πρῶτοι τοίνυν τῶν Γαλιλαίων τῷ Κουμάνῳ προσίασι, παρακαλοῦντες τοὺς ἀνῃρημένους ἐκδικηθῆναι. ὁ δὲ δωροδοκηθεὶς τῆς ἐκδικήσεως οὐκ ἐφρόντισεν. ἀγανακτήσαντες ουν οἱ Γαλιλαῖοι πρὸς οπλα ἐχώρησαν, καὶ κώμας τινὰς τῶν Σαμαρέων ἐμπρήσαντες διαρπάζουσι. Κούμανος δὲ σὺν δυνάμει τοῖς Γαλιλαίοις ἐπῆλθε, καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν αὐτῶν ἀπέκτεινε, πλείους δὲ ζῶντας ειλεν. οἱ πρῶτοι δέ γε τῶν ̔Ιεροσολύμων μεταμφιασάμενοι σάκκους καὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς σποδῷ καταπάσαντες παρεκάλουν τοὺς ἀφεστῶτας μεταθέσθαι τὸν λογισμὸν καὶ τὰ οπλα ῥίψαντας ἠρεμεῖν· καὶ επεισαν. οἱ μὲν ουν διελύθησαν, ἡ χώρα δ' ἐξ ἐκείνου λῃστηρίων πεπλήρωτο. Σαμαρεῖς δὲ πρὸς Κουαδράτον τῆς Συρίας ἡγεμονεύοντα κατηγόρουν τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων ὡς ἐμπρησάντων κώμας αὐτῶν. ̓Ιουδαῖοι δὲ Σαμαρεῖς ᾐτιῶντο ὡς αἰτίους τῆς στάσεως, καὶ πρὸ αὐτῶν Κούμανον, δώροις διεφθαρμένον καὶ τοὺς ἀνῃρημένους μὴ ἐκδικήσαντα. Κουαδράτος δὲ ὑπερέθετο τὴν κρίσιν, εἰπὼν ηξειν εἰς τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν κἀκεῖ τὴν ἀλήθειαν γνοὺς ἀποφήνασθαι. ηκεν ουν εἰς Σαμάρειαν, καὶ ἐξετάσας τὰ