189

he fell upon them, and then approaching nearer they asked who he was. But Simon ordered them to call their commander. and Terentius Rufus, who had been left as commander of the army, came when he was called. To whom Simon made known who he was, and was arrested, bound, and kept under guard. And his capture was reported to Titus. And he was kept for the triumph, during which he was also put to death, being dragged with a noose in the forum in Rome, where it is customary for the Romans to kill those condemned to death for villainy. Such then was the end of Simon son of Gioras; but John, the other fury of the Jews, was condemned to perpetual imprisonment. The multitude of the captives was sent, some to the works in Egypt, while others perished in the spectacles held throughout the cities, being either given to the wild beasts or made to kill one another. Simon's emergence from the ground caused a great multitude of the other rebels to be found in the underground passages, so that from this the foundations of the temple were also dug up. Danger was brought not only upon the Jews in Jerusalem, but also upon those in the other cities. But to recount everything is a difficult task; but the things that happened to the Jews dwelling in Antioch 2.75 must be narrated. For the Jewish nation had been scattered throughout the whole world, having often been taken captive, as has already been related, and dispersed everywhere; but the greatest number had been mixed in with Syria on account of its proximity, and of the cities there Antioch, more than the others, had Jewish inhabitants, both because of the city's size and because the kings after Antiochus had granted them a secure residence in it. For Antiochus Epiphanes had sacked Jerusalem and plundered the temple, but the kings after him permitted them to have a share in the city on equal terms with the Greeks. For which reason they also increased in number, bringing over a great multitude of Greeks to their religion. But at the time when the war of Jerusalem broke out and Vespasian had sailed to Syria, and hatred against the nation was at its height among all, then a certain Jew, Antiochus, the son of the first of the Jews in Antioch, came before the people of the Antiochenes and accused his father, and accused the other Jews also, that they had conspired to burn down the entire city, and he handed over some foreign Jews as accomplices in the plot. The common people of the Antiochenes immediately burned those who were handed over, and they rushed against the native Jews to punish them too. But Antiochus, the accuser of his kinsmen, saying that he had renounced the ancestral religion, sacrificed as was the law for the Greeks, and he advised that the others also be compelled to do likewise; for those who conspired would be revealed by their not renouncing their own religion. When the Antiochenes put this to the test, a few submitted, but those who could not endure to Hellenize 2.76 were destroyed. The aforesaid Antiochus, having also received soldiers from the Roman governor, was harsh to his kinsmen, not permitting them to rest on the seventh day; and he made the compulsion so strong that not only was the Sabbath rest abolished in Antioch, but this also prevailed for some time in the other cities. Not only these things happened to the Jews in Antioch, but a second calamity also occurred. For it happened that the city's square market, along with the archives and record-offices, were burned down. The aforesaid Antiochus attributed the arson to the Jews, and incited against them the Antiochenes, who were already suspicious of them; and all rushed as if mad against those who had been slandered. Some with difficulty restrained them, advising them to refer the matter to Titus. But in the meantime, some who were making a careful investigation of the matter found that the Jewish race was blameless, but that wicked men had dared the deed because of the pressure of debts, thinking that if they burned the market and the public records, they would have a release from collection. And amid these things Titus also arrived in Antioch. And the of the

189

προσέπεσεν, ειτα δ' ἐγγυτέρω προσιόντες οστις ειη ἠρώτων. Σίμων δὲ καλεῖν τὸν αρχοντα σφῶν προσέταττε. καὶ ηκε κληθεὶς Τερέντιος ̔Ροῦφος, ος αρχων τῆς στρατιᾶς κατελέλειπτο. ῳ γνωρίσας οστις ην ὁ Σίμων συνελήφθη καὶ δεθεὶς ἐφυλάττετο. τῷ δέ γε Τίτῳ ἡ σύλληψις αὐτοῦ ἐδηλοῦτο. καὶ ὁ μὲν εἰς τὸν θρίαμβον ἐτηρεῖτο, καθ' ον καὶ ἀνῃρέθη ἀγχόνῃ συρεὶς ἐν τῇ κατὰ τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀγορᾷ, οπου κτείνειν ̔Ρωμαίοις ειθισται τοὺς ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ θανατουμένους. Τοῦτο μὲν ουν γέγονε τέλος τῷ τοῦ Γιώρα Σίμωνι· ̓Ιωάννης δέ, ἡ λοιπὴ τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων ἐρινύς, δεσμὰ κατεκρίθη διηνεκῆ. τὸ δὲ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων πλῆθος τὸ μὲν εἰς τὰ κατ' Αιγυπτον εργα ἐστάλη, τὸ δὲ ἐν ταῖς κατὰ πόλεις τελουμέναις θεωρίαις ἐφθείρετο η θηριομαχίαις ἐκδιδόμενον η ἀλληλοκτονούμενον. ἡ δὲ τοῦ Σίμωνος γῆθεν ἀνάδυσις πολὺ καὶ τῶν αλλων στασιαστῶν πλῆθος εὑρίσκεσθαι κατὰ τοὺς ὑπονόμους ἐποίησεν, ὡς ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὰ τοῦ ναοῦ ἀνορυχθῆναι θεμέλια. Οὐ μόνον δὲ τοῖς ἐν ̔Ιεροσολύμοις ̓Ιουδαίοις ἐπῆκτο κίνδυνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἐν ταῖς αλλαις πόλεσι. πάντα δὲ διηγήσασθαι δύσεργον· τὰ δ' ἐπ' ̓Αντιοχείας τοῖς ἐκείνην οἰκοῦσιν ̓Ιουδαίοις συμβεβηκότα 2.75 διηγητέον. πολὺ μὲν γὰρ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην τὸ ̓Ιουδαίων εθνος κατέσπαρται, πολλάκις αἰχμαλωτισθέν, ὡς ηδη ἱστόρηται, καὶ σκεδασθὲν πανταχοῦ· πλεῖστον δὲ τῇ Συρίᾳ ἐγκαταμέμικται κατὰ τὴν γειτνίασιν, μᾶλλον δὲ τῶν αλλων ταύτης πόλεων ἡ ̓Αντιόχεια κατοίκους ̓Ιουδαίους ἐκέκτητο διά τε τὸ τῆς πόλεως μέγεθος καὶ οτι ἀδεᾶ τὴν κατοίκησιν ἐν αὐτῇ παρέσχον αὐτοῖς οἱ μετ' ̓Αντίοχον βασιλεῖς. ὁ μὲν γὰρ ̓Επιφανὴς ̓Αντίοχος τά τε ̔Ιεροσόλυμα ἐξεπόρθησε καὶ τὸν ναὸν ἐσύλησεν, οἱ δὲ μετ' αὐτὸν βασιλεῖς ἐξ ισου τοῖς Ελλησι μετέχειν τῆς πόλεως αὐτοῖς συνεχώρησαν. διὸ καὶ εἰς πλῆθος ἐπέδωκαν, πολὺ πλῆθος ̔Ελλήνων προσαγόμενοι τῇ θρησκείᾳ. Καθ' ον δὲ καιρὸν ὁ τῶν ̔Ιεροσολύμων πόλεμος ἐξερράγη καὶ εἰς τὴν Συρίαν κατέπλευσεν Οὐεσπασιανός, τὸ δὲ μῖσος κατὰ τοῦ εθνους παρὰ πᾶσιν ηκμαζε, τότε δή τις ̓Ιουδαῖος ̓Αντίοχος, υἱὸς τῶν ἐπ' ̓Αντιοχείας ̓Ιουδαίων τοῦ πρώτου, εἰς τὸν δῆμον τῶν ̓Αντιοχέων παρελθὼν κατηγόρει μὲν τοῦ πατρός, κατηγόρει δὲ καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ̓Ιουδαίων, οτι καταπρῆσαι τὴν πόλιν απασαν ἐβουλεύσαντο, καὶ παρεδίδου ξένους ̓Ιουδαίους τινὰς ὡς τοῦ βουλεύματος κοινωνούς. τὸ δὲ τῶν ̓Αντιοχέων δημοτικὸν τοὺς μὲν παραδοθέντας αὐτίκα κατέκαυσαν, κατὰ δὲ τῶν αὐθιγενῶν ̓Ιουδαίων ωρμηντο κἀκείνους τιμωρησόμενοι. ὁ δὲ τῶν ὁμοφύλων κατήγορος ̓Αντίοχος, ἀποστῆναι τῆς πατρίου λέγων θρησκείας, εθυεν ὡς νόμος τοῖς Ελλησι, παρῄνει δὲ καὶ τοὺς αλλους ποιεῖν ὁμοίως βιάζεσθαι· εσεσθαι γὰρ φανεροὺς τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύσαντας τῷ μὴ τὴν σφετέραν θρησκείαν ἀπόμνυσθαι. χρωμένων δὲ τῇ πείρᾳ τῶν ̓Αντιοχέων, ὀλίγοι μὲν ὑπέκυψαν, οἱ δὲ μὴ ἑλληνί2.76 σαι ἀνασχόμενοι διεφθάρησαν. ὁ δ' εἰρημένος ̓Αντίοχος καὶ στρατιώτας παρὰ τοῦ ̔Ρωμαίων ἡγεμόνος λαβών, χαλεπὸς ην τοῖς ὁμοφύλοις, ἀργεῖν τὴν ἑβδόμην οὐκ ἐπιτρέπων· ουτω τε τὴν ἀνάγκην εθετο ἰσχυρὰν ὡς μὴ μόνον ἐπ' ̓Αντιοχείας τὴν τοῦ σαββάτου ἀργίαν καταλελύσθαι, ἀλλὰ κἀν ταῖς αλλαις πόλεσιν ἐπί τινα χρόνον τοῦτο ἐπικρατῆσαι. Οὐ ταῦτα δὲ μόνα τοῖς ἐν ̓Αντιοχείᾳ συμβέβηκεν ̓Ιουδαίοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ δευτέρα προσεγένετο συμφορά. συνέβη μὲν γὰρ καταπρησθῆναι τὴν τῆς πόλεως τετράγωνον ἀγοράν, ἀρχεῖά τε καὶ χαρτοφυλάκια. ὁ δ' εἰρημένος ̓Αντίοχος τοῖς ̓Ιουδαίοις προσῆπτε τὸν ἐμπρησμόν, καὶ τοὺς ̓Αντιοχεῖς ὑπόπτους εχοντας ηδη αὐτοὺς ἠρέθισε κατ' αὐτῶν· καὶ ωσπερ ἐμμανεῖς πρὸς τοὺς διαβεβλημένους απαντες ωρμηντο. μόλις δ' αὐτοὺς κατέσχον τινές, συμβουλεύσαντες Τίτῳ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἀναθεῖναι. ἐν τῷ μέσῳ δέ τινες ποιούμενοι ἐπιμελῆ τοῦ πράγματος ζήτησιν ευρον τὸ μὲν τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων γένος ἀναίτιον, πονηροὺς δ' ἀνθρώπους τὸ εργον τολμήσαντας διὰ χρεῶν ἀνάγκας, οἰηθέντας, εἰ τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ τὰ δημόσια γραμματεῖα ἐμπρήσειαν, εξειν ἀπαλλαγὴν τῆς εἰσπράξεως. ̓Εν τούτοις δὲ καὶ ὁ Τίτος ἀφικνεῖτο εἰς ̓Αντιόχειαν. καὶ ὁ τῶν