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Then, therefore, the sufferings of the Jews came to an end, when Jerusalem endured its final capture by the Romans. And again, when Aelius Hadrianus was ruling the Romans, the Jews revolted and took up arms against the Romans. But then too they were defeated and wiped out, with many tens of thousands being destroyed, so that very few were left, concerning which matters will be recounted in their proper places. But since the history has mentioned the Romans and has ascribed to them invincible power, it is entirely necessary to tell and teach, or remind, those who will encounter this very writing, who the Romans are and from where their nation was first established, and from where it got its name, and what forms of government it used, and what fortunes it encountered, and how it advanced to the height of prosperity so as to nearly master the whole inhabited world and assume power over almost all, and how after being ruled by kings from the beginning it changed to an aristocracy, that is, dictatorships and consulates, and again was transformed to a democracy, then returned to a monarchy. I must now speak 2.85 therefore about these things and relate them, abridging the breadth of the narrative as much as possible and shortening the long account, so that the historical matters may be easy to survey and not escape the memory of those who come after. Aeneas, after the Trojan war, arrived among the Aborigines, who formerly inhabited the country in which Rome has been founded, when Latinus son of Faunus then held their rule, and he landed at Laurentum by the river Numicius, where, in accordance with some oracle, it is said he was preparing to make his settlement. But Latinus, the ruler of the country, was preventing Aeneas from settling in the land. And joining battle, he is defeated; then, through dreams that appeared to both, they are reconciled; and he cedes the settlement to him, and gives his daughter Lavinia in marriage. There Aeneas founded a city and named it Lavinium; and the country was called Latium, and the people there were addressed as Latins. But the Rutuli, bordering the country and setting out from the city of Ardea, and being previously hostile toward the Latins, then also took up war, with Turnus, a distinguished man and a kinsman to Latinus, assisting them, who was angry with Latinus on account of the marriage of Lavinia; for the girl had been promised to him. So when a battle occurred, both Turnus and Latinus fall, but Aeneas had secured the victory and the kingdom of his father-in-law. But after 2.86 some time, the Rutuli, having obtained an alliance from the Tursenians, came against Aeneas, and they won the war; but Aeneas disappeared, for he was seen neither alive any longer nor indeed dead, and he was honored as a god among the Latins. From this he is also considered by the Romans the founder of their race, and they boast of being called Aeneadae. His son Ascanius succeeded to the rule of the Latins, who had accompanied his father from home; for he had not yet begotten a child by Lavinia, but had left her pregnant. The enemy, having shut Ascanius in, were besieging him; but at night the Latins attacked them and lifted both the siege and the war. As time passed and the Latins increased in number, most of them abandoned the city of Lavinium and built another in a better country, which they named Alba because of its whiteness and Longa because of its length; Greeks would say 'white' and 'long'. When Ascanius died, the Latins preferred the son born to Aeneas by Lavinia for the kingship over the child of Ascanius, choosing him on account of his grandfather Latinus, and he was called Silvius. From Silvius was born Aeneas, from Aeneas was born Latinus, and Pastis succeeded Latinus. And Tiberinus, ruling afterwards, fell into a river called the Albula and perished; this river was renamed the Tiber after him, flowing through Rome and being most sufficient for the city and extremely useful to the Romans. And a descendant of Tiberinus was Amulius, who, being arrogant and daring to deify himself, as he made thunderclaps to match the thunder by means of a machine

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ουν τότε τὰ τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων ἐτελεύτησε πάθη, ὑπὸ ̔Ρωμαίων τῆς ̔Ιερουσαλὴμ τὴν τελευταίαν ὑποστάσης αλωσιν. καὶ αυθις δὲ Αἰλίου τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων κρατοῦντος ̓Αδριανοῦ ἐστασίασαν ̓Ιουδαῖοι καὶ κατὰ ̔Ρωμαίων ὡπλίσθησαν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τότε ἡττήθησάν τε καὶ ἐξετρίβησαν, πολλῶν φθαρεισῶν μυριάδων, ὡς λίαν περιλειφθῆναι βραχεῖς, περὶ ων ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις τόποις ἱστορηθήσεται. ̔Ρωμαίων δὲ μνησθείσης τῆς ἱστορίας καὶ τούτοις κράτος ἀναθεμένης ἀήττητον, ἀναγκαῖον πάντως εἰπεῖν καὶ διδάξαι η ἀναμνῆσαι τοὺς ἐντευξομένους τούτῳ δὴ τῷ συγγράμματι τίνες τε οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι καὶ οθεν τὸ τούτων εθνος συνέστη τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, καὶ πόθεν τὴν κλῆσιν εσχε, καὶ τίσι πολιτείαις ἐχρήσατο, καὶ οιαις τύχαις ἐνέκυρσε, καὶ οπως προύκοψεν εἰς εὐδαιμονίας ἀκρότητα ὡς μικροῦ κυριεῦσαι τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης καὶ τὸ κράτος κατὰ πάντων σχεδὸν ἀναδήσασθαι, καὶ οπως βασιλευθὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἰς ἀριστοκρατίαν ητοι δικτατωρείας καὶ ὑπατείας μετέπεσε, καὶ εἰς δημοκρατίαν αυθις μετήνεκτο, ειτα εἰς μοναρχίαν ἐπανελήλυθεν. ῥητέον μοι τοί2.85 νυν καὶ περὶ τούτων καὶ διηγητέον ὡς ἐνὸν ἐπιτέμνοντι τὸ πλάτος τῆς διηγήσεως καὶ τὴν μακρηγορίαν συστέλλοντι, ιν' ειεν εὐσύνοπτα τὰ τῆς ἱστορίας καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐπιόντων μνήμην μὴ διαφεύγοιεν. Αἰνείας μετὰ τὸν Τρωικὸν πόλεμον ἀφῖκτο πρὸς ̓Αβορίγινας, οι πρῴην τὴν χώραν ῳκουν καθ' ην ἡ ̔Ρώμη πεπόλισται, Λατίνου τοῦ Φαύνου τότε τὴν τούτων ἀρχὴν εχοντος, καὶ προσέσχε Λαυρεντῷ κατὰ τὸν Νουμίκιον ποταμόν, ενθα κατά τι δὴ θεοπρόπιον λέγεται παρασκευάζεσθαι ποιήσασθαι τὴν κατοίκησιν. ὁ δὲ τῆς χώρας αρχων Λατῖνος ἀπεῖργε τῷ Αἰνείᾳ τὴν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ καθίδρυσιν. καὶ συμβαλὼν ἡττᾶται· ειτα δι' ὀνειράτων φανέντων ἀμφοῖν καταλλάττονται· καὶ τῆς κατοικίας αὐτῷ παραχωρεῖ, καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα Λαουινίαν εἰς γάμον ἐκδίδωσιν. ενθα πόλιν ὁ Αἰνείας οἰκοδομήσας ὠνόμασε Λαουίνιον· η τε χώρα Λάτιον ἐπεκλήθη καὶ οἱ ανθρωποι οἱ ἐκεῖ Λατῖνοι προσηγορεύθησαν. ̔Ρουτοῦλοι δὲ ὁμοροῦντες τῇ χώρᾳ ἐκ πόλεως ̓Αρδέας ὁρμώμενοι, καὶ πρόσθεν δυσμενῶς εχοντες πρὸς Λατίνους, καὶ τότε πόλεμον ηραντο, ἐπαρήγοντος αὐτοῖς καὶ Τούρνου ἀνδρὸς ἐπιφανοῦς καὶ τῷ Λατίνῳ προσήκοντος, ος δι' ὀργῆς τὸν Λατῖνον πεποίητο διὰ τὸν Λαουινίας γάμον· ἐκείνῳ γὰρ ἡ κόρη προωμολόγητο. μάχης ουν γενομένης πίπτουσιν ο τε Τοῦρνος καὶ ὁ Λατῖνος, τὴν δὲ νίκην ὁ Αἰνείας κεκόμιστο καὶ τὴν τοῦ πενθεροῦ βασιλείαν. μετὰ δέ 2.86 τινα χρόνον συμμαχίας ἐκ Τυρσηνῶν οἱ ̔Ρουτοῦλοι τυχόντες ἐπῆλθον τῷ Αἰνείᾳ, καὶ τὸν πόλεμον νενικήκασιν· ἀφανὴς δὲ ὁ Αἰνείας γενόμενος, ουτε γὰρ ζῶν ωφθη ετι ουτε μὴν τεθνεώς, ὡς θεὸς παρὰ Λατίνοις τετίμητο. ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις τοῦ σφετέρου γένους ἀρχηγέτης νενόμισται, καὶ Αἰνειάδαι καλεῖσθαι αὐχοῦσι. τὴν δὲ τῶν Λατίνων ἀρχὴν ὁ ἐκείνου υἱὸς ̓Ασκάνιος διεδέξατο, ος οικοθεν συνείπετο τῷ πατρί· οὐδέπω γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Λαουινίας παῖδα ἐγείνατο, εγκυον δ' αὐτὴν καταλέλοιπε. τὸν δὲ ̓Ασκάνιον κατακλείσαντες οἱ πολέμιοι ἐπολιόρκουν· νυκτὸς δ' οἱ Λατῖνοι αὐτοῖς ἐπιθέμενοι τήν τε πολιορκίαν ελυσαν καὶ τὸν πόλεμον. Χρόνου δὲ διεληλυθότος πληθυνθέντες οἱ Λατῖνοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν τὸ Λαουίνιον οἱ πλείονες ἐκλελοίπασιν, ἑτέραν δ' ἐν ἀμείνονι χώρᾳ ἀντῳκοδόμησαν, ην Αλβαν ἐκ τῆς λευκότητος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ μήκους Λόγγαν ἐπωνόμασαν· ειποιεν αν Ελληνες λευκὴν καὶ μακράν. ̓Ασκανίου δὲ τελευτήσαντος οἱ Λατῖνοι τὸν ἐκ τῆς Λαουινίας τεχθέντα τῷ Αἰνείᾳ υἱὸν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν προετιμήσαντο τοῦ ̓Ασκανίου παιδός, διὰ τὸν πάππον τὸν Λατῖνον τοῦτον προκρίναντες, Σιλούιον κεκλημένον. ἐκ Σιλουίου δὲ Αἰνείας ἐτέχθη, ἐξ Αἰνείου δὲ Λατῖνος ἐγένετο, Λατῖνον δὲ διεδέξατο Πάστις. Τιβερῖνος δ' αρξας μετέπειτα ἐν ποταμῷ καλουμένῳ ̓Αλβούλῳ πεσὼν διεφθάρη· ος δὴ ποταμὸς Τίβερις ἐξ ἐκείνου μετωνομάσθη, ῥέων διὰ τῆς ̔Ρώμης καὶ ων τῇ πόλει πολυαρκέστατος καὶ ̔Ρωμαίοις ἐς τὰ μάλιστα χρησιμώτατος. εκγονος δὲ τοῦ Τιβερίνου ̓Αμούλιος, ος ὑπερφρονήσας καὶ θεοῦν ἑαυτὸν τολμήσας, ὡς βροντάς τε ταῖς βρονταῖς ἐκ μηχανῆς