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To Amulius. And Faustulus, being questioned by the king, deposed that the boys were saved, but were tending flocks far from Alba; and that the mother of the children, Ilia, was bringing the trough, desiring to see them. Disturbed by these things, Amulius sent a man to Numitor to ask if he had learned anything about the children being alive. The one who was sent was one of Numitor's friends. So he went and, finding Numitor in the embraces of Remus, both encouraged him and advised them not to delay, and he himself assisted. And just then Romulus was near, leading a large band of country folk; and not a few of the citizens joined him out of hatred for Amulius. 2.90 He, when things turned out thus, was killed, having done and planned nothing for his salvation. But Romulus and Remus, having assigned the rule of Alba to their maternal grandfather and fitting honor to their mother, decided to be on their own; for they could not bear to be ruled and they wished to found a city where they had been raised. But as they set about building the city, a dispute arose between the brothers concerning both the rule and the city, and they resorted to fighting, in which Remus died. Another account has it that as Romulus was already digging a trench, which was to be the city's rampart, Remus on the one hand hindered the work, and on the other hand mocked it; and finally, as he was leaping over it as if it were easily assailable, some say he fell, struck by Romulus, but others by some other man. For this reason it became a custom that anyone who dared to cross the camp trench other than by the usual paths was to be put to death. And Romulus, having buried his brother, founded the city, and yoking a bull with a cow, and putting a bronze ploughshare on the plough, he himself traced a deep circular furrow, and those who followed turned all the clods which the plough raised inward from the furrow. And where the wall was to be raised, as has been said, the furrow was cut, but where they intended to place gates, they made a break in the furrow, lifting the plough over. For they consider every wall sacred; but if they had thought the gates 2.91 sacred, it would not have been possible to bring in some things and send out others that are necessary and not clean through them. The founding of this city was completed on the eleventh day before the Kalends of May, which would rather be the twentieth of April; and the Romans celebrate this day, calling it the birthday of their fatherland. And it is recorded that Romulus was eighteen years old when he founded Rome. He founded it around the dwelling of Faustulus; and the place was named Palatium. However, when the city was founded, he divided the entire number of men of military age into military units, and each unit was of three thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry, and it was called a legion, because the fighting men were chosen from all, and the rest he treated as the people. And he named the people populus; whence also in the law books the popular action is called popularia. However, from those most distinguished by birth and intelligence and choice of life, he appointed one hundred councilors, naming them patricians; and the remaining body he called the senate, which is a council of elders. The councilors, however, were called patricians either because they were fathers of legitimate children, or rather because they were each able to point out their own fathers, being of a known family, or from patronage; for so they called protection; for they called those who cared for and helped them patrons. And one might best guess the mind of Romulus, if one thought that by this name he meant to show that the first 2.92 and most powerful of the city ought to care for the more humble with a fatherly care, and at the same time to lead the people by the name of patricians to 2.1 happening they demanded that Archelaus, having punished those honored by Herod, should avenge the dead, and before all else, depose the high priest, and appoint another more legitimate one. At these things Archelaus, although vexed at their impulse

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̓Αμουλίῳ. καὶ ὁ Φαυστοῦλος ἀνακρινόμενος παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως σώζεσθαι μὲν τοὺς παῖδας κατέθετο, πόρρω δὲ τῆς Αλβης νέμοντας ειναι· τὴν δὲ σκάφην πρὸς τὴν ̓Ιλίαν κομίζειν τὴν τῶν παίδων μητέρα, ποθοῦσαν ἰδεῖν. τεταραγμένος δὲ τούτοις ̓Αμούλιος ανδρα πρὸς τὸν Νομίτωρα πέπομφε πυνθανόμενος ει τι μάθοι περὶ τῶν παίδων ὡς περιόντων. ην δὲ τῶν φίλων ὁ πεμφθεὶς τοῦ Νομίτωρος. ἀπελθὼν ουν καὶ ἐν περιπλοκαῖς τοῦ ̔Ρώμου εὑρηκὼς τὸν Νομίτωρα, παρεθάρρυνέ τε καὶ μὴ μέλλειν αὐτοῖς συνεβούλευε, καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ συνέπραττεν. αρτι δὲ καὶ ὁ ̔Ρωμύλος ἐγγὺς ην, χεῖρα συχνὴν ἀγροικικὴν ἐπαγόμενος· καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν δὲ αὐτῷ οὐκ ὀλίγοι προσῄεσαν μίσει τοῦ ̓Αμουλίου. 2.90 ος ουτω τῶν πραγμάτων συνενεχθέντων οὐδὲν ουτε πράξας ουτε βουλεύσας σωτήριον ἀνῃρέθη. ̔Ρωμύλος μέντοι καὶ ̔Ρῶμος τὴν τῆς Αλβης ἡγεμονίαν τῷ μητροπάτορι νείμαντες, καὶ τῇ μητρὶ τιμὴν πρέπουσαν, καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ειναι εκριναν· ουτε γὰρ ἠνείχοντο αρχεσθαι καὶ πόλιν ἀναστῆσαι ενθα προετράφησαν ηθελον. ὡρμημένοις δὲ πρὸς τὴν τῆς πόλεως δόμησιν διαφορὰ συνέβη τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς περί τε τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ περὶ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ διὰ μάχης ἐχώρησαν, ἐν ῃ ὁ ̔Ρῶμος ἀπέθανεν. ετερος δὲ λόγος εχει ὡς τοῦ ̔Ρωμύλου τάφρον ηδη ὀρύττοντος, η τῆς πόλεως εμελλεν ειναι προτείχισμα, πῇ μὲν ἀπεῖργε τὸ εργον ὁ ̔Ρῶμος, πῇ δέ γε ἐχλεύαζε· καὶ τέλος διαλλόμενον αὐτὴν ὡς εὐεπιχείρητον οἱ μὲν ̔Ρωμύλου πατάξαντος, οἱ δ' ἑτέρου τινὸς ἱστοροῦσι πεσεῖν. οθεν καὶ ἐνομίσθη τὸν στρατοπέδου τάφρον τολμήσαντα διελθεῖν παρὰ τὰς συνήθεις ὁδούς, θανατοῦσθαι. ̔Ο δὲ ̔Ρωμύλος θάψας τὸν ἀδελφὸν ῳκιζε τὴν πόλιν καὶ βοῦν αρρενα συζεύξας θηλείᾳ, καὶ ἀρότρῳ υννιν χαλκῆν ἐμβαλών, αὐτὸς μὲν αυλακα βαθεῖαν κυκλοτερῆ περιέγραψεν, οἱ δ' ἑπόμενοι τὰς βώλους, ας ἀνίστη τὸ αροτρον, εισω πάσας τῆς αυλακος περιέστρεφον. καὶ οπου μὲν εμελλε τὸ τεῖχος ἀνίστασθαι, καθὼς ειρηται, ἡ αυλαξ ἐτέτμητο, ενθα δὲ πύλας στῆσαι διενοοῦντο, διάλειμμα ἐποιοῦντο τῆς αυλακος, τὸ αροτρον ἀνέχοντες υπερθεν. πᾶν μὲν γὰρ τεῖχος νομίζουσιν ἱερόν· τὰς δὲ πύλας ειπερ ηγηντο 2.91 ἱεράς, οὐκ ην τὰ μὲν δι' αὐτῶν εἰσάγειν, τὰ δὲ ἀποπέμπειν τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ μὴ καθαρῶν. ̔Η δὲ κτίσις τῆς πόλεως ταύτης ἡμέρᾳ τετέλεστο τῇ πρὸ ενδεκα καλανδῶν Μαΐων, η αν ειη μᾶλλον εἰκοστὴ ̓Απριλλίου· καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην ἑορτάζουσι ̔Ρωμαῖοι, γενέθλιον τῆς πατρίδος ὀνομάζοντες. ὀκτωκαίδεκα δ' ειναι ̔Ρωμύλος ἐνιαυτῶν ἀναγέγραπται οτε τὴν ̔Ρώμην συνῴκισεν. εκτισε δὲ αὐτὴν περὶ τὴν τοῦ Φαυστούλου οικησιν· ὠνόμαστο δ' ὁ χῶρος Παλάτιον. Κτισθείσης μέντοι τῆς πόλεως, οσον μὲν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατευσίμῳ πλῆθος ἐτύγχανεν, εἰς στρατιωτικὰ διεῖλε συντάγματα, εκαστον δὲ σύνταγμα πεζῶν τρισχιλίων ην καὶ τριακοσίων ἱππέων, ἐκλήθη δὲ λεγεών, οτι λογάδες ησαν ἐκ πάντων οἱ μάχιμοι, τοῖς δ' αλλοις δήμῳ ἐκέχρητο. καὶ τὸν δῆμον ποπούλους ὠνόμασεν· οθεν καὶ παρὰ ταῖς βίβλοις ταῖς νομικαῖς ποπουλαρία κέκληται ἡ δημοτικὴ ἀγωγή. τῶν μέντοι περιφανεστέρων γένει τε καὶ συνέσει καὶ βίου αἱρέσει ἑκατὸν ἀπέδειξε βουλευτάς, πατρικίους ὀνομάσας αὐτούς· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σύστημα σενάτον προσηγόρευσεν, ο ἐστι γερουσία. πατρίκιοι μέντοι οἱ βουλευταὶ ἐπεκλήθησαν η οτι παίδων ησαν γνησίων πατέρες, η μᾶλλον οτι αὐτοὶ πατέρας ἑαυτῶν ἀποδεικνύειν ἠδύναντο εκαστος ἐκ γένους οντες γνωρίμου, η ἀπὸ τῆς πατρωνίας· ουτω δ' ἐκάλουν τὴν προστασίαν· πάτρωνας γὰρ τοὺς κηδεμονικοὺς καὶ βοηθητικοὺς προσηγόρευον. μάλιστα δ' αν τις καταστοχάσαιτο τῆς τοῦ ̔Ρωμύλου διανοίας, εἰ οιοιτο διὰ τῆς κλήσεως ταύτης ἐμφαίνειν χρῆναι τοὺς πρώτους 2.92 καὶ δυνατωτάτους τῆς πόλεως πατρικῇ κηδεμονίᾳ κήδεσθαι τῶν ταπεινοτέρων, αμα δὲ καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἐνάγειν διὰ τῆς τῶν πατρικίων προσηγορίας εἰς τὸ 2.1 νομένης ἠξίουν τοὺς ὑφ' ̔Ηρώδου τιμωμένους κολάσαντα τὸν ̓Αρχέλαον ἐκδικῆσαι τοὺς τεθνεῶτας, καὶ πρὸ τῶν αλλων τὸν ἀρχιερέα παῦσαι, ετερον δὲ καταστήσασθαι νομιμώτερον. τούτοις ̓Αρχέλαος καίπερ ἀχθόμενος τὴν ὁρμὴν αὐτῶν