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Sabinus, he hastened to help those besieged in Judea. And when all his force had been gathered at Ptolemais, he handed over a part of it to his son and sent him out to fight the Galileans; who, engaging them in battle, was victorious. But Varus, approaching Jerusalem with the rest of the army, cast the besieging Jews into cowardice; and leaving the siege half-finished, they departed. When Varus accused the inhabitants of Jerusalem on account of the war, they said that the gathering of the crowd had happened because of the festival, and the war was from the foreigners. And Varus, sending men throughout the country, sought out the authors of the sedition, and finding some, he punished them; for two thousand were crucified. And others, about ten thousand, surrendered themselves to Varus as he marched against them; and he sent their leaders to Caesar; but Caesar punished only those who, being relatives of Herod, had campaigned with the rebels. But ambassadors arrived in Rome from Judea, and when Caesar had convened a council, the ambassadors, having with them the support of about eight thousand of the Jews in Rome, asked for autonomy. And they turned to the accusation of Herod's lawless deeds; 2.5 for they called him not a king, but a tyrant. For they said that of the many evils that had often befallen the nation, none was equal to the evils inflicted upon it by him. Therefore, thinking that anyone who would rule the kingdom of Herod would be more moderate, they had gladly acclaimed Archelaus as king. But he, fearing that he might not be thought Herod's son if he appeared too mild to the Jews, carried out a slaughter of three thousand men in the temple precinct, and this before you, Caesar, had yet confirmed his rule. And saying these things, they asked to be freed from a kingdom and from such rulers, and to become an appendage of Syria and to be subject to the Roman governors sent there. So they asked for these things, but Archelaus's party, in their defense, acquitted the kings, I mean the father and the son, of the charges, and accused the Jews of seditions and revolutionary acts. Caesar, however, did not appoint Archelaus king, but gave him half of his father's domain, promising to name him king as well, if he should rule well; and the annual tribute of the country assigned to him was six hundred talents. And dividing the other half-portion in two, he distributed it to Antipas and Philip, other sons of Herod; and for Antipas, the country assigned to him produced a revenue of two hundred talents, while the portion given to Philip brought in one hundred talents. And to Salome, in addition to what Herod had left her, he also gave the palace in Ascalon; and from all these a tribute of sixty talents was brought in for her. And so these matters were settled; but a certain 2.6 Jewish young man introduced himself into Herod's fami2.6 ly, since in appearance he resembled Alexander, the son of Herod who had been put to death. And taking with him a certain fellow countryman, a wicked man and able to throw matters into confusion, he called himself Alexander, the son of Herod, claiming that while others had been killed by some of those sent to slay both brothers, they themselves had been saved and secretly removed. And with such words he deceived those he met, and from there, having collected a great deal of money, he hurried to Rome. But Caesar disbelieved that Herod could be so easily deceived, and bringing the false Alexander into his presence, he was not deceived. For he had an appearance similar to Herod's Alexander, but he was worn down by manual labor, and his body had grown harder, and was not, like the other's, softened by luxury. Caesar therefore inquired about Aristobulus, where he might be; and when that man said that he had been left in Cyprus, so that if any misfortune should befall me, the line of Mariamne might not entirely fail, Caesar, taking the false Alexander aside privately, urged him to speak the truth in return for a promise of his safety. And he revealed the plot to Caesar. And Caesar, seeing that he was strong enough for manual labor, assigned him to the rowers; but the one responsible for these matters

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τὸν Σαβῖνον, ἠπείγετο τοῖς ἐν ̓Ιουδαίᾳ πολιορκουμένοις ἀλέξασθαι. ἀθροισθείσης δὲ ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως πάσης, μέρος τι ταύτης τῷ υἱῷ παραδοὺς Γαλιλαίους ἐξέπεμψε πολεμεῖν· ος συμβαλὼν ἐκείνοις ἐκράτησεν. Ουαρος δὲ τῷ λοιπῷ τοῦ στρατεύματος προσιὼν εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα, εἰς δειλίαν τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας τῶν ̓Ιουδαίων ἐνέβαλε· καὶ λιπόντες τὴν πολιορκίαν ἡμίεργον ῳχοντο. Οὐάρου δὲ τοῖς ̔Ιεροσολυμίταις ἐγκαλοῦντος διὰ τὸν πόλεμον, ἐκεῖνοι τὴν τοῦ πλήθους σύνοδον διὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν ελεγον γεγονέναι, τὸν δὲ πόλεμον παρὰ τῶν ἐπηλύδων. καὶ ὁ Ουαρος πέμψας κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἐπεζήτει τοὺς αἰτίους τῆς στάσεως, καὶ εὑρὼν ἐνίους ἐκόλασε· δισχίλιοι γὰρ ἐσταυρώθησαν. καὶ ετεροι δὲ περὶ μυρίους Οὐάρῳ κατ' αὐτῶν ὡρμηκότι παρέδωκαν ἑαυτούς· ὁ δὲ πρὸς Καίσαρα πέμπει τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αὐτῶν· Καῖσαρ δὲ μόνους ἐκόλασεν οσοι συγγενεῖς οντες ̔Ηρώδου συνεστρατεύοντο τοῖς στασιασταῖς. Εἰς δὲ ̔Ρώμην ἐξ ̓Ιουδαίας πρέσβεις ἀφίκοντο, καὶ τοῦ Καίσαρος συστησαμένου συνέδριον οἱ πρέσβεις συνισταμένους εχοντες τῶν ἐπὶ ̔Ρώμης ̓Ιουδαίων περὶ ὀκτακισχιλίους αὐτονομίαν ῃτουν. καὶ ἐπὶ κατηγορίαν τῶν ̔Ηρώδου τρέπονται παρανομημάτων· 2.5 οὐ γὰρ βασιλέα, τύραννον δ' ἐκεῖνον ἐκάλουν. πολλῶν γὰρ πολλάκις κακώσεων τῷ εθνει εφησαν συμβεβηκυιῶν οὐδεμίαν ἐξισοῦσθαι ταῖς αὐτῷ ἐπενηνεγμέναις παρ' ἐκείνου κακώσεσιν. οἰόμενοι ουν πάντα τῆς βασιλείας κρατήσοντα ̔Ηρώδου εσεσθαι μετριώτερον, ἀσμένως τὸν ̓Αρχέλαον προσειπεῖν βασιλέα. ὁ δὲ δείσας μὴ ωσπερ οὐχ ̔Ηρώδου νομίζοιτο παῖς, εἰ τοῖς ̓Ιουδαίοις ἠπιώτερος φαίνοιτο, τρισχιλίων ἀνδρῶν κατὰ τὸ τέμενος σφαγὴν ἐποιήσατο, καὶ ταῦτα μηδέπω σοῦ, Καῖσαρ, τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ βεβαιώσαντος. καὶ ταῦτα λέγοντες ἠξίουν βασιλείας καὶ τοιῶνδε ἀρχῶν ἀπηλλάχθαι, προσθήκην δὲ γεγονέναι Συρίας καὶ τοῖς ἐκεῖ στελλομένοις ̔Ρωμαίων στρατηγοῖς ὑποκεῖσθαι. Οἱ μὲν ουν ταῦτα ᾐτοῦντο, οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν ̓Αρχέλαον ἀπολογούμενοι τούς τε βασιλεῖς, τὸν πατέρα λέγω καὶ τὸν υἱόν, τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἀπέλυον, καὶ ̓Ιουδαίοις ἐπενεκάλουν στάσεις καὶ νεωτερισμούς. ὁ μέντοι Καῖσαρ βασιλέα μὲν οὐκ ἀποδείκνυσι τὸν ̓Αρχέλαον, τὸ δ' ημισυ δίδωσι τῆς πατρικῆς ἀρχῆς, ἐπαγγελλόμενος ὀνομάσειν καὶ βασιλέα αὐτόν, εἰ καλῶς αρχοι· ην δὲ ὁ τῆς αὐτῷ νεμηθείσης χώρας δασμὸς ὁ ἐτήσιος ἑξακόσια τάλαντα. τὴν δ' ἑτέραν ἡμίσειαν μοῖραν διχῇ διελὼν ̓Αντίπᾳ καὶ Φιλίππῳ παισὶν ἑτέροις ̔Ηρώδου διένειμε· καὶ τῷ μὲν ̓Αντίπᾳ ἡ νεμηθεῖσα χώρα εἰσφορὰν ἐποιεῖτο διακόσια τάλαντα, Φιλίππῳ δὲ ἡ παραδοθεῖσα μερὶς ἑκατὸν εἰσέφερε τάλαντα. τῇ δὲ Σαλώμῃ ἐφ' οις ὁ ̔Ηρώδης κατέλιπε καὶ τὸ ἐν ̓Ασκάλωνι βασίλειον δίδωσιν· ἐκ πάντων δ' εἰσήγετο ταύτῃ δασμὸς ἑξήκοντα τάλαντα. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ουτως διῴκητο· νεανίας δέ τις 2.6 ̓Ιουδαῖος εἰσῴκισεν ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν ̔Ηρώδου συγγέ2.6 νειαν, ἐπεὶ τὴν μορφὴν ὡμοίωτο ̓Αλεξάνδρῳ τῷ ἀνῃρημένῳ ̔Ηρώδου υἱῷ. καί τινα παραλαβὼν ὁμόφυλον ανδρα πονηρόν τε καὶ συγχέαι δυνάμενον πράγματα, ̓Αλέξανδρον ὠνόμαζεν ἑαυτὸν τὸν ̔Ηρώδου υἱόν, ὡς ὑπό τινων τῶν ἀνελεῖν αμφω τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐσταλμένων αλλων ἀνῃρημένων, αὐτῶν δὲ περισωθέντων καὶ διακεκλεμμένων. καὶ λόγοις τοιούτοις ἠπάτα τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας, κἀντεῦθεν πλεῖστα συναγαγὼν χρήματα εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἠπείγετο. Καῖσαρ δὲ ἠπίστει μὲν ῥᾳδίως ἀπατηθῆναι ̔Ηρώδην, ἀγαγὼν δ' εἰς οψιν αὐτὸν τὸν ψευδαλέξανδρον οὐκ ἠπάτητο. τὸ μὲν γὰρ ειδος ειχεν ἐμφερὲς πρὸς τὸν ̔Ηρώδου ̓Αλέξανδρον, ὑπ' αὐτουργίας δ' ἐτετρύχωτο, καὶ πρὸς τὸ σκληρότερον αὐτῷ ἐπεφύκει τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς τὸ ἐκείνου ὑπὸ τρυφῆς μεμαλάκιστο. ἐξήταζεν ουν ὁ Καῖσαρ περὶ ̓Αριστοβούλου ποῖ αν ειη· φαμένου δ' ἐκείνου ἐν Κύπρῳ καταλελεῖφθαι, ιν' ει τι περὶ ἐμὲ συμβαίη δεινόν, μὴ πάντῃ τὸ τῆς Μαριὰμ ἐπιλίπῃ γένος, κατὰ μόνας ὁ Καῖσαρ τὸν ψευδαλέξανδρον ἀπολαβὼν τἀληθὲς ἐρεῖν αὐτῷ προετρέπετο ἐπὶ μισθῷ τοῦ τυχεῖν σωτηρίας. ὁ δὲ ἐκφαίνει τῷ Καίσαρι τὸ σκαιώρημα. ὁ Καῖσαρ δὲ ἐρρωμένον αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτουργίαν ὁρῶν, τοῖς ἐρέταις συνέταξε· τὸν δ' ἐπὶ τούτοις